Scientific Research Process Research Articles

Use of artificial intelligence in the organization of scientific research

Artificial intelligence is a powerful and revolutionary field that has the potential to change many areas of human activity fundamentally, including the process of scientific research. At the heart of AI is the idea of creating machines that can think and reason like humans, and can learn from their own experiences to improve their performance over time. The article analyzes the main possibilities of using artificial intelligence in conducting scientific research. The scientific process has many stages and it is expected that artificial intelligence will contribute to each stage of the development of science, therefore the use of artificial intelligence in the organization of scientific research is highly relevant. The article provides a review from various perspectives, including the idea of generating, writing and structuring the text, searching and in-depth analysis of the literature on the research topic. Recommendations are provided for the use of programs that function on the basis of AI technologies, which can significantly increase the level of productivity during scientific research. Their use is possible at the stage of searching, analyzing and summarizing scientific works, when checking grammatical and linguistic errors in scientific work and for the purpose of improving the writing style in general. In addition, the article considers the potential threats of introducing. AI can help integrate graphs, tables, charts into research content, thereby greatly increasing its visual appeal and comprehensibility. In addition, the article considers the potential threats of introducing AI into scientific research and emphasizes the need to observe academic integrity and minimize the use of artificial intelligence in scientific work. Excessive use of artificial intelligence can lead to the creation of fraudulent scientific papers.

IRECS Framework: Identification of Requirements for Enterprise Collaboration Systems

A review of the literature in the field of CSCW shows that the adoption of Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS) is challenging and that there is a need for a structured approach for their implementation. The IRECS Framework (Identification of Requirements for Enterprise Collaboration Systems), described in this paper, addresses this call in the form of a comprehensive classification of the digital support of collaborative work and a complementary taxonomy of empirically observed examples. The IRECS classification comprises five layers – from a high-level business view of collaborative work to a detailed consideration of the software modules that fulfil the functional requirements. The development of the framework followed a ten-year Design Science Research process. The framework is designed to serve the needs of researchers and practitioners alike. The detailed classification provides a valuable analytical lens for research. The framework and its concrete examples can also be used in practice as a guidance and checklist in the software selection process of organisations.

Determining design criteria for indoor positioning system projects in hospitals: A design science approach.

Indoor navigation systems (indoor positioning systems) can improve orientation for patients in hospitals and help employees to track assets. Many hospitals would like to implement indoor positioning systems but do not know how. To support them in doing this, and to gain knowledge about the requirements for indoor positioning system implementation, our research identifies the design criteria relevant to indoor positioning system implementation projects. A design science research process is built to design and evaluate an artifact. For this, five indoor positioning system developers and five hospital IT management representatives from various hospitals and companies in Germany are interviewed. Further, controlled experiments are conducted in Germany, using an ultrasound-based indoor positioning system. We determined and tested indoor positioning system functions, evaluated indoor positioning system performance criteria, and identified the operating conditions in hospitals. Our results show that indoor positioning system functions should provide a benefit to a hospital's daily operations, that some performance criteria are more important than others, and that operating conditions are important, e.g., radiation. As a theoretical contribution, we show how design science research can be applied to the context of indoor positioning systems in hospitals. In addition, we make a practical contribution in that our propositions can be used for future indoor positioning system developments.

Civil Liability Arising from Health and Medical Research

Background: In, health in addition to promoting medical knowledge, it aims to diagnose or treat diseases. According to ethical and legal principles, the damage to the patient in the process of health research must be fully compensated.
 Methods: In this research, the issued verdicts and the existing judicial procedures in legal cases in judicial and quasi-judicial authorities were analyzed in order to formulate the necessary legal theories with regard to the jurisprudential and legal basis of civil liability of researchers and scientific centers. To achieve results, it has been tried to avoid any violation of human rights without hindering the process of scientific research.
 Results: The basis of this view is moral and legal commitment of society to compensate for injuries caused by research, because ultimately, it is society that benefits from the results of medical and scientific research. As a result, it is better to provide legal support for the need to insure patients in medical research and to allocate special funds for damages resulting from medical research.
 Conclusion: There are drawbacks to filing a civil liability lawsuit for injuries caused by medical research; this is because it either leads to incomplete compensation or is an obstacle to medical research and medical researchers. Assuming the sole responsibility of research centers to create such liability insurance, legislators should enact comprehensive laws to resolve the existing ambiguities regarding the claim for injuries.

Promoting Open Science Principles and Primenjena psihologija (Applied Psychology)

At its heart, “open science” is a simple matter of sharing key parts of the research process that are traditionally not shared. These include detailed methods, protocols, and other materials needed to conduct the work: detailed analytical steps or code used for data analysis, the raw data collected during an investigation, and preliminary drafts of the manuscript. A default towards not sharing may be for many reasons, but for many years, the largest reason is that it was simply not possible to share raw data before online publication became the standard. That status quo became embedded in lab culture, and simply changing the status quo in a community as decentralized as the scientific community is always going to be a slow process. The fact that sharing more details about the process of scientific research represents a possible risk for the researcher, in a system where only statistically significant findings are publishable (Dickersin 1990; Komukai, Sugita, and Fujimoto 2023) and where others are not required to share their materials, makes it all the more challenging to move beyond the current state. By presenting activities at the Center of Open Science and efforts by the Primenjena psihologija editorial board, we appeal to our readers and fellow researchers to embrace the open science practice and use the examples provided in this special issue as a guidance for their future scientific endeavors.

PAROLE AS A SPECIAL MECHANISM OF RELEASE FROM PUNISHMENT IN MODERN GEORGIAN LAW

The presented article is dedicated to one of the special mechanisms of release from punishment in modern Georgian law – parole, it discusses the legal problems of using the benefit provided by this law, which is based on a deep analysis of practice and a small amount of scientific research, since the issue has not been thoroughly researched and has rarely been the subject of scientific research interest. The debate on the conditional release mechanism as an essential and necessary tool was initiated by the unfavourable state of the regulatory legislation, the existence of a heterogeneous practice on the part of the court, and the scarcity of modern Georgian juridical literature regarding the mentioned concept. This article aims to understand the parole mechanism in Georgia and in the example of some foreign countries, which will make the scientific research process even more interesting and diverse. It also aims to compare, evaluate and synthesize the results obtained from further research, including the mistakes of their usage in practice and the development of scientifically based recommendations to eliminate the mistakes in the parole regulations. Formal-logical, historical, formal-legal, dogmatic, comparative-legal, descriptive and systematic methods are used in researching the problem posed in a separate chapter of the article. The conclusions, provisions, and recommendations mentioned in the article can be used to improve the qualifications of the people interested in this topic and to find practical aid for the employees working in the field.

The Influence of Ethnic Characteristics of Behavior for the Economic Development of the Region

The economic development of the region depends on many factors, including ethnic characteristics of behavior. These features have a significant impact on the economic development of the region. Entrepreneurial activity, labor efficiency, innovative potential and consumer behavior of ethnic groups can contribute to the development of the regional economy or, conversely, interfere with this process. One of the key ethnic features affecting the economic development of the region is entrepreneurship. Different ethnic groups can exhibit unique skills in entrepreneurship that contribute to the creation of new jobs and the development of new industries. Ethnic peculiarities of behavior can also influence the innovative potential of the region. Some ethnic groups show a high degree of diligence, discipline and actively participate in educational and research processes. This contributes to the development of new technologies, scientific research processes. This contributes to the development of new technologies, scientific discoveries and innovative solutions that have a positive impact on the economic development of the region. Different ethnic groups may have their own preferences and consumption characteristics, which contributes to the development of the relevant sectors of the economy. For example, Japanese culture has high requirements for the quality of goods and services, which stimulates the development of high-tech and innovative industries. However, it is worth noting that ethnic peculiarities of behavior can also lead to some challenges for the economic development of the region. For example, some ethnic groups may experience discrimination or face restrictions in access to resources and opportunities. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of ethnic characteristics of Ossetian behavior on the development of the regional economy of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. The analysis of behavior reveals the problem of the economic lag of the republic from the rest of the regions of the Russian Federation. As examples, historical facts are used that profoundly influence the behavior and way of thinking of Ossetian people to this day.

Интерпретационное искажение прошлого как способ манипуляции историческим сознанием современной российской молодежи

The article is devoted to the problem of manipulation of historical consciousness of modern Russian youth. The aim of the present study is to analyze the interpretive distortion of the past as a means of influencing the minds of the new generation of Russian citizens. The article analyses the historical prerequisites and directions of large-scale influence of the West on the historical consciousness of Russians. Its causes and forms leading to the destruction of the civic position of young people are analyzed. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the con-structivist approach to understanding history and a set of technical manipulative tools that serve the designated paradigm are becoming the leading ones in this respect. The struggle against such attitudes today comes to the forefront in connection with the ideological war against Russia. The results of the work can be useful in scien-tific research and educational process in the field of Russian history, social philosophy, political science, soci-ology.

Методологические основания интерпретации исторического прошлого как способа воздействия на сознание российской молодежи

The article is devoted to the problem of influencing the consciousness of Russian youth. The aim of the study is to analyze the methodological basis and methods of interpreting the historical past in order to influence the behavior of young people. The article analyzes the peculiarities and role of historical memory in the formation of young people's personality, as well as the methods of its transformation. The author comes to the conclusion that in the era of the postmodern turn in history, the leading direction of manipulating the consciousness of young people regarding the historical past of the country is a constructivist approach to understanding history and a set of technical manipulation tools that serve this paradigm of understanding. Methods of combating this phenomenon should lie in the cognitive sphere. History teachers at schools and universities today are literally on the front line of this battle. The future of the country depends on them. The problem of formation of historical consciousness of young people requires close comprehensive attention of the state, social institutions, scien-tific community and the response of society itself. The results of the work can be useful in scientific research and educational process in the field of national history, social philosophy, political science, sociology.

Filling in the Gaps, Doing What We Have Always Done in TRAIL

The Technical Report Archive & Image Library (TRAIL) identifies, acquires, catalogs, digitizes, and provides unrestricted access to US government agency technical reports. Technical reports describe the process of engineering or scientific research and often include in-depth details including raw data. TRAIL currently consists of over four-dozen member institutions whose annual membership fees and volunteered staff time further the efforts of the project. The mission of TRAIL is to ensure preservation, discoverability, and persistent open access to government technical publications regardless of form or format. TRAIL has been in existence for nearly seventeen years and has made 93,514 technical reports openly accessible in that time.This article covers the work of TRAIL since its tenth anniversary in 2016. For the work and history of TRAIL up to that point, please read the article summarizing the first ten years of TRAIL in Documents to the People vol. 44, no. 2 (https://www.journals.ala.org/index.php/dttp/article/view/6070/7795). Additional resources include the TRAIL History page at https://www.crl.edu/grn/trail/about-trail/history-trail and the page on publications and presentations about TRAIL at https://www.crl.edu/grn/trail/current-activities/PapersPresentations.

Academic Literacy Skills of Postgraduate Students in the Department of Turkish Education

This study aims to identify the academic literacy skills of postgraduate students specializing in the department of Turkish education. This study employed a convergent parallel mixed method, one of the mixed methods. The first working group consisted of 161 students for the quantitative dimension and 25 students in the second group for the qualitative dimension. The study deployed the Academic Literacy Scale and a semi-structured interview form as data collection tools. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used during quantitative data analysis, while content analysis was used for qualitative data. The quantitative findings revealed that the mean academic literacy level score of postgraduate students in the Department of Turkish Education was 4.07, indicating an agreement level; the student's academic literacy level significantly differed across the level of postgraduate education in favor of those pursuing the doctoral degree; no significant difference was observed across postgraduate education stage and gender. The qualitative findings suggested that postgraduate students in the Department of Turkish Education predominantly utilized scientific research processes to identify problem situations, had a moderate level of knowledge regarding scientific research processes, and exhibited awareness of the need to act honestly and responsibly in scientific research and to obtain the necessary permissions. Additionally, they read academic sources to gain information about a subject and to review the literature, even though they needed help reading academic sources in languages other than Turkish. Besides, academic sources were found to provide adequate information. Moreover, they were determined to write academic texts according to a certain writing plan and felt inadequate in writing academic texts. Notably, the education they received in Turkish education improved their academic literacy skills.

A strategic approach to information literacy: data literacy. A systematic review

This research addresses the growing social importance of data from an educational perspective through data literacy (DL), seeking to integrate it into the broader information literacy (Infolit) movement. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out of the papers in the main collection of the Web of Science that contain both concepts (DL and Infolit) and that were indexed up until March 2023. External aspects, such as the growth of the research and the identity, nationality, professional scope, and productivity of the authors, were taken into account. In addition, internal aspects, such as context (theory, frameworks, definitions, models, and related disciplines), objectives, methodology, results, conclusions, and recommendations, were analyzed to obtain a detailed perspective of the scientific research process adopted. A synchronic and diachronic analysis of the corpus of selected articles is offered, focusing on the aforementioned aspects. The researchers’ consensus on the urgency of addressing data training both generally and specifically in the different disciplines, languages, environments, and levels is evident. The emergent, multisectoral, and interdisciplinary nature of data literacy as part of Infolit, which is being applied in the education of students at different levels, viz. professionals and citizens, is noted, although the training limitations of students and many professionals are evident. Consequently, it is imperative to include DL in curricula and training programs to contribute to the acquisition and development of these competencies in different areas. To this end, the joint work of teachers, librarians, researchers, and other professionals is imperative. There is a need to deepen the theoretical, practical, and applied fields, as well as to reach a common definition, form a basic model of DL competencies within Infolit, and create submodels that take into consideration the idiosyncrasies of each area of application.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО КОНТРОЛЯ И ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА СИСТЕМЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ПЕРЕХОДНЫЙ ПЕРИОД

The article is devoted to the issue of state regulation of education system of the Kyrgyz Republic as well as the problems of the sphere and its perspective of financial support to the field. It also compares the features of modern education and international education standards. The quality of scientific-pedagogical personnel and the quality of educational programs, the process of teaching and scientific research, and the academic quality of the content of education in the condition that they meet the social needs are considered. Today, when the educational reform has entered a new phase, the development of this approach becomes imperative, and the realization of the main directions of the Bologna process increases its clarity and necessity. To date, the conceptual coordinates of the competence approach have been clearly defined, and its main provisions have been formulated. A new stage begins: the competence approach moves from the stage of self-determination to the stage of implementation, when the stated general principles and methodological The installation finds its confirmation in various applied sciences.

Customers’ Motives to Engage in Social Media-based Product Idea Contests – Empirical Evidence from Germany

An empirical motive study based on the design science approach is presented. The aim of the study is to develop specific problem-solving knowledge in the form of artefacts that can be directly applied in marketing practice. The problem-solving knowledge relates to consumers’ motives for participating in product idea contests (PICs) in the fast-moving consumer goods sector. The research phases underlying the motive study are guided by a five-phase design science research process. As a result of this research process, two artefacts are developed: a multi-item motive scale and a factor analytic motive model. The motive model includes six participation motives – three intrinsic (enjoyment with creative tasks, altruism and search for new/better product solutions) and three extrinsic motives (material–financial reward, identification with the user community and positive feedback from participants/company). Finally, the motive model enables the derivation of recommendations for action for the PIC management.

Improving data reliability to support marine pollution assessment according to MSFD Descriptor 8 in the European Seas: the contribution of EMODnet Chemistry

IntroductionAccording to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC), member states of the European Union (EU) had to develop a common approach in environmental monitoring and assessment. Regarding marine pollution assessments, large heterogeneities remain regarding sampling protocols, analytical methods, and quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) procedures. Further, data availability for Descriptor 8 (contaminants) was very fragmented in the first cycle of the MSFD. As one of the major EU spatial data infrastructures for providing access to marine data, EMODnet Chemistry has endeavoured to overcome data fragmentation and increase data ‘FAIRness’ (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable).MethodsAiming to improve the reliability of marine contaminant data for assessment purposes under the MSFD, detailed QA/QC information was collected using a questionnaire based on the requirements of the European Environment Agency, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, United Nations Environment Program–Mediterranean Action Plan, and NORMAN Network. The questionnaire was distributed to institutions in 26 countries participating in EMODnet Chemistry.ResultsInformation was received from 18 countries on ~90% of the substances included in EU legislation on priority substances. The results indicate an overall good level of laboratory proficiency; however, heterogeneities were observed in sampling protocols (especially for biota) and analytical methods (e.g. for metals), suggesting the potential for increased harmonisation. While laboratory proficiency and equipment depend on institutional resources that may differ among countries, it is fundamental to share detailed QA/QC information associated with data to improve data reliability and re-usability, and to support marine pollution assessment.DiscussionEnriching data with required metadata and detailed QA/QC is part of the data curation process, which is still an overlooked aspect of the overall scientific research process and is crucial to support a reliable assessment of marine pollution, and ultimately better management of the marine environment.

Usability Enhancement through Heuristics: A Framework for Mobile Money Transfer Systems

The widespread use of mobile technology has enabled the introduction of various mobile money services. Many factors contribute to the success of mobile money transfer systems, and usability measures the level of success. Usability heuristics principles developed by Nielsen, a pioneer in usability engineering, have existed and are popularly used to assess the usability of computer systems. However, in the wake of emerging new technologies such as mobile applications and mobile money transfer systems, there is a need for domain-specific heuristics. The purpose of the study is to investigate the usability of mobile money transfer systems and develop a usability heuristic framework that enhances Mobile Money Transfer Systems. The study covered mobile money transfer systems in Kenya. The research adopted a mixed method design that included the Design Science Research methodology and survey design. The Design Science Research process provided the structure for the study and the survey design guided the questionnaire administration. Data were obtained using questionnaires. The target population was Mobile Money Transfer System consumers in Nairobi County, Kenya. The data collected was analysed using both descriptive and factor analysis. A mobile money transfer system usability heuristics framework was developed using the findings. A sample of 396 was used, with a response rate of 81.1%. This framework was validated by mobile money transfer systems experts, who agreed that the developed framework can be applied in the real world with an average weighted mean of 4.55, allowing for further development. This research contributes to knowledge of usability heuristics required to evaluate mobile money transfer systems, reducing the development time and cost.

PD Days Under the Moon: Teaching Lunar Phases to In-Service Teachers by Doing Astronomy Like Astronomers Do and its Impact on Their Students’ Learning

Several school curricula urge K-12 teachers to engage their students in scientific inquiry activities that not only promote students’ learning in science, but also foster students’ understanding of science methodology. Unfortunately, recent large-scale studies have shown that inquiry-based science teaching in school is the exception, rather than the norm. This is especially true for astronomy, which teachers often consider too abstract and remote for inquiry-based teaching. To promote inquiry-based teaching in astronomy, we present an epistemological and historical analysis of the way astronomers build new knowledge and propose to teach astronomy through a scientific inquiry process consisting of “Doing astronomy like astronomers do”. This inquiry-based approach, which also includes observation, modelling, and communication with peers, emulates the different steps astronomers and scientists go through to do empirical science (question, hypothesis, observation, analysis/synthesis, modelling, prediction/application, and communication), transposed into a teaching and learning lesson plan about the phases of the Moon. The crucial steps of observation, analysis/synthesis, and modelling, where astronomers create models as proxies of astronomical objects that cannot be manipulated, is highlighted. This inquiry-based astronomy training, which also promotes conceptual change about lunar phases, was tested with 18 in-service elementary and high school teachers engaged in a professional development (PD) training program. Three participant teachers also taught lunar phases to their own elementary and high school students (N = 104) using the same approach. We present the results of a quasi-experimental study of the impacts of this PD training about lunar phases on the learning gains and self-efficacy of the participating in-service teachers, as well as on their students’ learning.

HOUSE ARREST AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO PRISON SENTENCE IN MODERN GEORGIAN LAW (Evolution and Transformation)

This article is about house arrest, one of the types of non-custodial punishment in modern Georgian law, where the legal problems of using this benefit, provided by the law, are discussed, which is based on a deep analysis of practice and research of a number of scientific works. The importance of the topic was determined by the unfavorable state of the domestic legislation, the existence of a non-homogenous practice on the part of the court in relation to the “revision” of the decisions made by the local councils of the special penitentiary service, the incalculability of statistical data, as well as the great practical importance of the said topic in the process of both law-making and law enforcement, due to the paucity of modern Georgian legal literature regarding this concept. The aim of this article is to clarify the legal nature and the extent of house arrest, not only on the example of Georgia, but also on the example of some foreign countries, which will make the process of scientific research of the legal problems, of replacing the remaining sentence with house arrest, even more interesting and diverse. In addition, the article also aims to analyze the errors made in the applied practice and to develop scientifically based recommendations to eliminate the gaps in the rules regulating house arrest. The results of the theoretical/empirical research allow legal analysis to be made on the introduction/establishment of non-custodial punishment, which was previously unfamiliar to our country; to what extent the aforementioned legislative innovation was justified and what can be done for its further refinement/perfection, which is ultimately aimed to prohibit the usage of non-homogenous practice, regarding the use of the mentioned legal mechanism, on the part of both the decision-making body and the court. Historical, formal-logical, dogmatic, formal-legal, comparative-legal, descriptive and systematic methods were used to study the problem, posed in a separate chapter of the article. Furthermore, the data of legal statistics was used to study and generalize the practice of local councils, as well as the court, and the final part is devoted to the conclusive decrees obtained as a result of the study and scientific processing of the raised issues.

A Research on the Social Innovation (SI) Approach to Social Entrepreneurship

Social entrepreneurship is a type of social innovation that has developed over the past decade. This study examines the mechanism of the association between SE and innovation, we propose SE as a paradigm for solving social and social challenges, and then the intrinsic qualities of SI. The fact that SE relies on a disjointed body of literature that lacks a cohesive theoretical foundation is a significant factor in supporting this methodological approach. Thus, the qualitative method is ideal for exploring the many facets of entrepreneurship. Take Australia, for example, although the Australian economic system is not mature enough, three major challenges were recognized, and based on these challenges social managements across the organization are established. The research significance of this paper is to focus on the innovation of social entrepreneurs and the help that their spirit brings to society or social problems. In addition, our findings allow us to highlight the major stages of the scientific inquiry process, including entrepreneur support, third space creation, and community of practice formation.

NFDI4Energy Case-Study: Comparative Analysis and Visualisation of Long-Term Energy System Scenarios

Analysis and comparison of energy system scenarios provide valuable insights into potential transformation pathways. These studies on long-term developments can serve as new inputs for scientific research and decision-making processes, providing policymakers and other stakeholders with the necessary guidance to achieve sustainable energy systems. Generally, such scenarios are derived from energy system models which often seek a cost-optimal system design under a variety of boundary conditions, ranging from technical constraints to limits of land availability or a cap on overall greenhouse gas emissions [1]. For Germany, several larger energy system scenario studies have been published, addressing the goal of carbon neutrality in 2045 as prescribed in the German climate protection act [2]. These studies show differences in their specific methodology, sector representation, parameter settings or, more generally, overall scenario narratives. This diversity represents a challenge regarding the comparability of these studies, and consequently the ability to identify consensus and controversies in their findings. Often only limited access to data for parameter settings and scenario results is provided. Almost always the data is presented in different detail and formats, thus imposing further barriers for comparison and usability for the scientific community [3]. As one of the three use cases applied in Task Area 6 of the NFDI4Energy research project, we aim to address this challenge by providing transparent and open comparative information and data on long-term energy system scenarios. Selected scenarios for the transition towards a climate-neutral Germany will be annotated with terms form the Open Energy Ontology (OEO) [4]. The comparison is building on an already existing database infrastructure from the Open Energy Platform (OEP) [5]. Existing concepts for qualitative and quantitative comparisons will be used and improved to cover a wide range of existing energy system studies.