Science Research Center Research Articles

Unleashing the potential of chatbots in mental health: bibliometric analysis

BackgroundThe proliferation of chatbots in the digital mental health sector is gaining momentum, offering a promising solution to address the pressing shortage of mental health professionals. By providing accessible and convenient mental health services and support, chatbots are poised to become a primary technological intervention in bridging the gap between mental health needs and available resources.ObjectiveThis study undertakes a thorough bibliometric analysis and discourse on the applications of chatbots in mental health, with the objective of elucidating the underlying scientific patterns that emerge at the intersection of chatbot technology and mental health care on a global scale.MethodsThe bibliometric software Biblioshiny and VOSviewer were used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of 261 scientific articles published in the Web of Science Core Collection between 2015 and 2024. Publications distribution are analyzed to measure productivity on countries, institutions, and sources. Scientific collaboration networks are generated to analyze the influence as well as communications between countries and institutions. Research topics and trends are formulated by using a keyword co-occurrence network.ResultsOver the last decade, researches on utilization of chatbots in mental health has appeared to be increasing steadily at an annual rate of 46.19%. The United States have made significant contributions to the development and expansion of publications, accounting for 27.97% of the total research output with 2452 citation counts. England came second to the US in terms of publications and citations, and followed by Australia, China, and France. National Center for Scientific Research in France ranked first among all institutions, followed by Imperial College London and University of Zurich. The number of articles published in Journal of Medical Internet Research was exceptionally high, accounting for 12.26% of the total number of articles, and JMIR Mental Health is the most influential publication sources in terms of average citations per article. Collaboration among universities in the USA, United Kingdom, Switzerland, and Singapore demonstrated a high level. The keyword co-occurrence network highlights the prominent techniques in this multidisciplinary area and reveals 5 research topics, showing a significant overlap between clusters. High-frequency terms such as “ChatGPT”, “machine learning”, and “large language models” underscore the current state of research, highlighting the cutting-edge advancements and frontiers in this field.ConclusionsThis study provides an in-depth analysis of the most prominent countries, institutions, publications, collaboration status, and research topics associated with utilization of chatbots in mental health over the last decade. It offers insights to mental health professionals without an AI background and individuals interested in the development of mental health chatbots. The findings suggest that chatbots hold a significant role in promoting mental health well-being and exhibit considerable potential in demonstrating empathy, curiosity, understanding, and collaborative capabilities with users.

Characterisation of the HollandPTC R&D proton beamline for physics and radiobiology studies.

HollandPTC is an independent outpatient center for proton therapy, scientific research, and education. Patients with different types of cancer are treated with Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT). Additionally, the HollandPTC R&D consortium conducts scientific research into the added value and improvements of proton therapy. To this end, HollandPTC created clinical and pre-clinical research facilities including a versatile R&D proton beamline for various types of biologically and technologically oriented research. In this work, we present the characterization of the R&D proton beamline of HollandPTC. Its pencil beam mimics the one used for clinical IMPT, with energy ranging from 70 up to 240MeV, which has been characterized in terms of shape, size, and intensity. For experiments that need a uniform field in depth and lateral directions, a dual ring passive scattering system has been designed, built, and characterized. With this system, field sizes between 2×2cm2 and 20×20cm2 with 98% uniformity are produced with dose rates ranging from 0.5Gy/min up to 9Gy/min. The unique and customized support of the dual ring system allows switching between a pencil beam and a large field in a very simple and fast way, making the HollandPTC R&D proton beam able to support a wide range of different applications.

ВЛИЯНИЕ КОНСЕРВИРОВАННЫХ КОРМОВ НА ПЕРЕВАРИМОСТЬ ПИТАТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ РАЦИОНА И ПРИРОСТ ЖИВОЙ МАССЫ БЫЧКОВ НА ОТКОРМЕ

The aim of reseach is to study the nutritional value of silages prepared using various biopreservatives, their effect on the digestibility of feed rations and the live weight gain of young cattle. Objectives: to analyze the nutritional value of prepared silages preserved with Yenisei microbiovit and Biotrof starter culture; to calculate the nutritional value of rations for 6-month-old bulls using experimental silages; to determine the average daily gains and feed digestibility coefficients in bulls during the experimental period. The study was conducted in 2022 at the Omskoye Scientific and Production Farm, a branch of the Omsk Scientific Research Center. The object of the study is fattening black-and-white bulls of the Vis Ideala 1013415 line, Apple Elevation 1491007 branch, dairy productivity direction, aged 6–9 months. Experimental variants: control (basic ration (BR) + silage of sorghum-sudak hybrid Navigator without preservative); experimental group I (BR + silage of sorghum-sudak hybrid Navigator preserved with biopreservative microbiovit Yenisei); experimental group II (BR + silage of sorghum-sudak hybrid Navigator preserved with biopreservative Biotroph). Silage with biopreservatives, introduced into the composition of feed rations, contributed to better digestion of feed nutrients, as well as an increase in the live weight gain of young cattle. The digestible protein indicators in experimental group I were 15.35 % higher than in the control, and in experimental group II this difference was 12.73 %. The average daily gains of bulls in experimental groups I and II were higher than in the control group of bulls by 8.8 % with microbiovit Yenisei and by 2.5 % with Biotrof. In groups of animals that ate feed with preserved silages, an increase in the digestibility coefficients was noted in comparison with the control group, while silage preserved with Yenisei microbiovit was digested better than that preserved with Biotrof, digestibility was greater for the following indicators: protein – by 1.4 %; fat – by 2.38; fiber – by 1.22 and BEV – by 0.85 %.

ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА СОРТОВ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО КАРТОФЕЛЯ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ

The purpose of research is to study the effect of biofertilizers on the quality indicators of potato tubers of various varieties in the conditions of the Ryazan Region. The studies were conducted in 2020–2022 in the conditions of the Scientific Research Center "Agrotechnopark" of the Ryazan District of the Ryazan Region on gray forest heavy loamy soils. The objects selected were five early-ripening varieties of table potatoes (Red Lady, Labella, Queen Anna, Lilly, Red Scarlett) and six options for the use of biofertilizers ("Rau Activ", "Azotovit", "Phosphatovit", "Ecorost"). The field experiment was carried out in quadruple repetition. Agrotechnical activities in the studies were carried out in accordance with zonal recommendations. All observations, records and analyzes were carried out using standard methods. Fertilizers had an increasing effect on all elements of the yield structure of potato varieties. The varieties Red Lady and Red Scarlett, against the background of the use of "Azotovit" together with "Rau Activ", gave a large increase in tuber weight (+118.84 and +119.57 g/bush, respectively). The varieties Red Lady and Red Scarlett, against the background of the use of "Azotovit" together with "Rau Activ", gave a large increase in marketability (+9.8 and +9.4 % compared to the control, respectively). In the variant with the use of "Azotovit" + "Rau Aktiv", the excess of the control yield was 34.24 c/ha, or 24.2 %. According to the experimental variants, the starch content in potato tubers was most influenced by the use of "Ecorost". The varieties Red Scarlett (+5.2 %) and Red Lady (+4.8 %) were more responsive. Red Lady and Queen Anne, when using "Ecorost", switched from culinary A (waxy) or salad type to mixed type AB. Pre-planting treatment of tubers with "Rau Activ" together with vegetation treatment with "Azotovit" had an impact on improving the culinary qualities of the Red Lady, Queen Anna and Red Scarlett varieties.

НОВЫЙ СОРТ КАРТОФЕЛЯ ЗАРНИ ДЛЯ УСЛОВИЙ СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДУРАЛЬЯ

Due to the aggravated situation in the world, our country has embarked on the path of import substitution, including in the field of agriculture. At present, the creation of domestic competitive varieties of agricultural crops has become an urgent task. The paper presents the material of selection work on the creation of a new variety of potatoes in the conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals. The purpose of the study is to evaluate, according to economically valuable traits, a new potato variety obtained as a result of joint breeding of the Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UdmFRC UB RAS) and Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitsky (FARC of the North-East named after Rudnitsky). The object of the study is a promising potato variety Zarni (breeding number 10-06-2). Breeding evaluation of the variety in the UdmFRC UB RAS was carried out in the following nurseries: 2007 – nursery of hybrids of the first year; 2008 – nursery of hybrids of the second year; 2009 – kennel of preliminary testing; 2010 – the nursery of the main test; 2011–2013 – control nurseries of the 1st–3rd year of testing; 2014–2016 – area of selective reproduction. As a result of breeding work (2007–2016), a medium-early table potato variety was obtained. Tuber: color – yellow, flesh – yellow, eyes – small, shape – oval-rounded, surface – smooth. The variety forms the number of tubers per bush – 11–16 pieces, the average weight of a tuber is 70–120 g. Average yield for the period 2014–2016 amounted to 28.7 t/ha. Quality indicators: medium starch content, high vitamin C content, good taste, medium digestibility. It has resistance to major diseases and pests (potato cancer, golden potato nematode, late blight, common scab).

EXPERIMENTAL SEARCH AN UNDERLYING BASIS OF PRINCIPLES FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PRESERVATIVE SOLUTIONS

Introduction. Microbiological control of preservative solutions and assessment of the state of anatomical preparations are topical issues, the solution of which requires adaptation of methods for quantitative determination of the level of microbial contamination to the special conditions of equilibrium systems containing biological preparations. The aim of the study is screening, experimental testing and adaptation of microbiological methods for quantitative assessment of the level of microbial contamination for monitoring the microbiological purity of preservative solutions using the Melnikov–Razvedenkov solution as an example. Material and methods. The object of the study was the Melnikov–Razvedenkov preservative solution modified by the Scientific Research Center for Biomedical Technologies of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. The study used methods for quantitative assessment of the level of microbial contamination on agar nutrient media. Results. As a result of screening, experimental testing and comparative analysis of methods for quantitative assessment of the level of microbial contamination, the most promising methodological approaches were identified and adapted for microbiological monitoring of modified Melnikov-Razvedenkov solution. Conclusions. The microbiological study of the modified Melnikov-Razvedenkov preservative solution showed the feasibility of using the membrane vacuum filtration method with membrane filters made of a mixture of cellulose acetate and nitrate with a nominal pore diameter of 0.45 μm. For sterilization of the test solution, the use of a vacuum filtration through membrane filters with a nominal pore diameter of 0.22 μm is promising.

3D plants: the impact of integrating science, design, and technology on high school student learning and interests in STEAM subjects and careers

STEAM education is an educational approach of interdisciplinary teaching of science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics. STEAM education, however, is often viewed as only including art elements into STEM teaching. Without true integration of the disciplines in STEAM curricula, students rarely are exposed to the connection among disciplines, and self-identify as solely scientists, artists, or technophiles. STEAM curricula also infrequently integrate design, which promotes creativity and innovation. Effective STEAM curriculum and practices are needed to prepare students to face 21st century challenges and work demands. We designed a high school STEAM educational module that integrated plant science, design, and emergent technologies through the creation of 3D models of plants and augmented and virtual reality (AVR) experiences and investigated its impact on students’ understanding of the intersection of art and design with science, learning and skills gains, and interests in STEAM subjects and careers. The module used a project-based learning approach that relied on student teamwork and facilitation by educators. In this 3D plant modeling module, students: (1) investigated plants under research at a plant science research center, (2) designed and created 3D models of those plants, (3) learned about the application of 3D modeling in AVR platforms, and (4) disseminated project results. We used qualitative and quantitative research methods both before and after the implementation of the model to assess the impact of the 3D modeling module. Student responses revealed that approximately half of the students had a good understanding of the intersection of art and design with science prior to the implementation of the module, while the other half gained this understanding after completing their projects. Students saw art and design playing a role in science mainly by facilitating communication and further understanding and fostering new ideas. They also reported that science influenced art and design through the artistic creation process. The most common learning gains were in plant science and 3D modeling, with 35% and 20% of the students reporting these themes only after completing their projects, respectively. The skill gains most cited were research, teamwork, and communication skills. Over 25% of the students reported these skill gains only after the completion of their projects. Paired comparisons of survey responses indicated a significant increase in students’ interest in science, mathematics, and design subjects after they completed their projects. At the end of the module, 40% of the students were more interested in STEAM careers. Another 13% of the students indicated they already had an interest in STEAM careers before beginning the module. Our findings indicate that our STEAM module effectively integrated science, art, design, and technology, enhancing student literacy in these fields, and providing students with essential 21st century skills. The module led to interdisciplinary learning and development of interest in STEAM subjects and careers. The combination of pedagogical strategies used in our module for active, collaborative, authentic, and meaningful learning exemplifies an effective STEAM curriculum with valuable instructional tools for educators, inspiring new ways of teaching and learning, contributing to the practice and applications in STEAM education.

Total and longitudinal body dimensions in Ukrainian men with alopecia areata

Annotation. Studying total and longitudinal body dimensions in patients with alopecia areata is important for assessing changes in anthropometric indicators associated with this disease. Studying the sexual characteristics of anthropometric indicators can contribute to improving diagnostic approaches and assessing the risks of developing concomitant pathologies. Analysis of the obtained data will allow integrating anthropological characteristics into a comprehensive strategy for the treatment and prevention of alopecia. The purpose of the study was to establish the characteristics of total and longitudinal body dimensions in young Ukrainian men with alopecia areata. Clinical-instrumental examination (using the ARAMO ASW 300 dermatoscope-trichoscope) and anthropological assessment (in accordance with the recommendations of Shaparenko P. P.) were conducted in 81 young Ukrainian men with alopecia areata. The severity of alopecia areata was assessed according to Shutskiy I. V. The control group included the total and longitudinal body dimensions of 82 practically healthy young Ukrainian men of the same age group, obtained from the database of the Scientific Research Center of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the licensed software package “Statistica 6.0” with non-parametric evaluation methods. In contrast to practically healthy individuals, young Ukrainian men with alopecia areata, regardless of overall status or severity levels (Grades 1, 2, and 3), demonstrated significantly greater or tendencies toward greater values for body mass (12.57-20.96 %), body surface area (4.26-12.56 %), acromial height (1.84-2.45 %), and digit anthropometric points (3.40-5.42 %). Additionally, significantly lower values were observed for pubic height (5.23-6.85 %) and trochanteric height (13.07-14.28 %). These findings indicate that, compared to practically healthy individuals, men with alopecia areata have shorter lower limbs and longer upper limbs and torso, which manifests as a “subpathological” constitutional type. No significant differences or trends in total and longitudinal body dimensions were identified among groups of patients with varying degrees of alopecia areata severity. Thus, the findings suggest both genetic predisposition (changes in longitudinal body dimensions) and the influence of environmental factors (changes in body mass) in the development of this multifactorial disease.

INVESTIGATION OF SEX HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN MALE WHITE RATS AND THE QUANTITATIVE AND ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THEIR OFFSPRING FOLLOWING CHRONIC HALOPERIDOL ADMINISTRATION

Objectives: To investigate the effects of chronic, dose-dependent haloperidol administration on the concentration of sex hormones (total testosterone (Ttotal), free testosterone (Tfree), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PL), progesterone (PG), estriol (ER), estradiol (ED)), as well as fertilization rates, and the quantitative and anatomical parameters of offspring in male white rats. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 54 white rats (both sexes, weighing 170-190 g) housed at the Scientific Research Center of Azerbaijan Medical University. The animals were divided into three groups, each consisting of 12 male rats and 6 female rats. The effects of chronic haloperidol administration on sex hormone concentrations and the quantitative and anatomical parameters of the offspring were examined. Results. Chronic administration of haloperidol at doses of 0.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg to male white rats resulted in a statistically significant, dose-dependent decrease in the levels of sex hormones: Ttotal, Tfree, FSH, LH, PG, ER, and ED (except PL). In females mated with haloperidol-treated males, significant alterations in pregnancy outcomes were observed. Compared to the control group, haloperidol administration reduced the number of offspring, caused abnormalities in their appearance, led to stillbirths, and delayed the opening of the auditory canal and the formation of the primary hairline. Additionally, a “reverse geotaxis” reaction was observed in the offspring. Conclusion. Compared to the control group, 2 offspring were born in the group receiving chronic haloperidol at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, while 3 offspring with congenital anomalies were born in the group receiving chronic haloperidol at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Significant changes in the course of pregnancy and visible deviations from the norm during childbirth were observed in females mated with male rats treated with haloperidol. Visual inspection of the offspring 24-48 hours after delivery revealed abnormalities, including asymmetry of the skull and facial skeleton, abnormal limb, tail, eye socket, nostril, and oral slit development, in both experimental groups.

Результаты мониторинга реинтродукционных популяций Calophaca wolgarica на территории Саратовской области

For 11 years, the staff of the Scientific Research Center “Botanical Garden” of SSU named after N.G. Chernyshevsky have been reintroducing a rare protected plant, Calophaca wolgarica (L. fil.) DC., into potentially suitable places in the Saratov Region. This species is considered extinct in the region. Restoration of the species in the Saratov Region will expand its range, increase the biodiversity of the local flora and enrich biogeocenoses. Seed material for the reintroduction of C. wolgarica was collected from natural cenopopulations in the Volgograd Region. In 2013–2015 the seeds were sown in Voskresensky (near the village of Ershovka) and Krasnoarmeysky (the villages of Kamenka, Mordovo, Rogatkino, Belogorskoye) districts of the Saratov right bank, in Perelyubsky (the village of Kutseba), Pugachevsky (near the village of Maksyutovo), Fyodorovsky (the village of Dolina) districts of the left bank. In 2020, sowing was carried out in Pugachevsky (the villages of Maksyutovo, Solyanka) and Yershovsky (the village of Novorozhenka) districts. Seedlings were planted in Krasnoarmeysky district (the villages of Rogatkino, Kamenka), but they died in the year of planting. The seeds germinated in Pugachevsky, Fyodorovsky, Yershovsky and Krasnoarmeysky districts. To analyze the results of C. wolgarica reintroduction in the Saratov region, the dynamics of the number of individuals, their ontogenetic and vitality structure were assessed in the created populations. The vitality structure was analyzed for individuals whose ontogenetic state was predominant in terms of numbers for a specific year of observations. According to the results of the studies conducted in the period from 2016 to 2024, out of six districts selected as sites for the reintroduction of C. wolgarica, three – Pugachevskiy, Fyodorovsky and Yershovsky – are suitable for the growth of this species, and reintroduction is promising here. In two reintroduction populations from Pugachevskiy and Fyodorovsky districts, some of the plants have reached the generative period. These populations are potentially capable of self-sustaining. The most favorable habitats for C. wolgarica are located in the Pugachevskiy district.

It’s Not about the Data: Reflections on the Uses and Abuses of Data Collection from an Applied Research Center

Applied social scientists are committed to improving social life through the appropriate use of data. I found in my work with a university-based applied social science research center that clients engage in data collection efforts for a variety of reasons other than a commitment to using the data that result. This reflection is a cautionary tale to encourage applied social scientists to consider ways of promoting meaningful data use and to avoid compromising professional or ethical standards.

Determination of Combinatorial Ability and Heterosis in Capsicum chinense Jacq., using Line × Tester Analysis Method

Objective: Know the combinatory ability and heterosis in yield parameters and fruit quality, in nine genotypes of Habanero Chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq.). Design/methodology/approach: In order to know the combinatory ability and heterosis in yield parameters and fruit quality, were crossed nine genotypes of Capsicum c hinense Jacq. (Habanero Chilli) in a Line × Tester (7 × 2) mating design. The parental lines and combination of crosses were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Yucatan Scientific Research Center during the 2018 and 2019. Results: The results showed the lines 3 and 7, presented a high and positive general combinatory ability (GCA) for most of the parameters studied, the tester 1 presented a high GCA for yield per plant (YP) with 0.45. The cross L1 × T2 presented the highest value of specific combining ability (SCA) for YP with 0.50. The highest heterosis (171.01%) was observed in the L1 × T1 cross for capsaicin content (CC). Tester 1 was identified as a promising genotype for breeding Capsicum chinense Jacq. Findings/conclusions: Line 7 and Tester 1 was identified as promising genotypes for crop breeding Capsicum chinense Jacq.

Vijftig jaar Justitiële verkenningen: een gesprek met Hans Boutellier en Marit Scheepmaker

Fifty years Justitiële verkenningen: a conversation with Hans Boutellier and Marit Scheepmaker The 50th anniversary of Justitiële verkenningen (Judicial explorations) is an occasion to reflect and look forward with Hans Boutellier and Marit Scheepmaker. Both served as editors-in-chief while working at the Scientific Research and Documentation Center (WODC) and played a key role in shaping the journal’s direction. In this in-depth double interview, they discuss their personal experiences, the journal’s objectives, and its readership, while also reflecting on its evolution, its value to policy and society, and innovative ways to keep the content relevant in the future.

Сравнительная оценка показателей изокинетического тестирования нижних конечностей студенток 18–20 лет, занимающихся TRX-фитнесом и обычной физической культурой

The purpose of this article was to, by means of isokinetic testing, evaluate the strength parameters of the lower limbs in 18–20-year-old female students doing TRX training and standard exercises. Materials and methods. The research involved 40 female students of South Ural State University aged between 18 and 20 years, who were divided into the experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. The former was doing TRX training, while the latter performed standard physical exercises on the university’s curriculum. The experiment was conducted at the Sports Science Research Centre of South Ural State University. Strength parameters were evaluated using a robotic medical diagnostic complex Biodex System 4Pro (Biodex Medical System, Inc., USA) at the start of exercise classes in the autumn of 2020 and after 1.5 years of classes in the spring of 2022. Results. In the course of the experiment, female students who had been doing TRX training for 1.5 years showed statistically significantly better results than the control group in the following parameters during knee flexion and extension: peak torque, peak torque per body weight, time to peak torque, coefficient of variation, mean power and mean peak torque (26 cases of statistically significant changes in the parameters out of 48 assessed cases were recorded). This indicates that lower limb muscles in female students doing this type of training became much stronger. Therefore, training with the use of TRX suspension straps can be considered an effective way to develop strength capabilities of the lower limbs in humans.

Комбинированный метод лечения рака ротоглотки

Purpose: To demonstrate the possibility of a combined approach in the treatment of a patient with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx, complicated by massive erosive bleeding using endovascular embolization, proton therapy and targeted therapy. Material and methods: The Federal Scientific Research Center for Reconstruction and Research has developed a method of a combined approach to the treatment of patients with malignant neoplasms of the nasopharynx, during which endovascular embolization and proton beam therapy in combination with targeted therapy are consistently used. Results: A set of sequential treatment procedures and drug administration allowed us to eliminate life-threatening bleeding, normalize the patient’s general condition, conduct a course of proton radiation therapy for a patient with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx, complicated by massive bleeding, and achieve stable local control over the process. Conclusion: The use of the described tactics in the treatment of tumors of the nasopharynx and oral cavity allows in a short period to move from urgent endovascular occlusion of bleeding vessels to the stages of special antitumor treatment, providing a combined approach to the treatment of head and neck tumors.

Genotype and seasonal conditions influence on the degree of phenotypic dominance of total bushiness during intraspecific hybridization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important grain crop in world agriculture. One of the main factors in increasing yield and stabilizing wheat grain production is the rational use of varietal resources that are competitive and suitable for the soil and climatic conditions of certain regions. In the experimental field conditions of the Scientific Research Center of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in different meteorological conditions in 2018-2020 the highest average total bushiness among varieties (2.0 pcs. stems/plant) was formed in 2020. In 2018 and 2019, the total bushiness was slightly lower and amounted to 1.8 and 1.9 pcs. stems/plant respectively. During the research years, the total bushiness of the parental crossing components had a significant differentiation of 1.4-2.6 pcs. stems/plant. The total bushiness of the hybrids majority obtained in 2018-2020 (1.6-8.9 pcs. stems/plant) significantly exceeded the indicators of parental forms. The maximum average F1 indicator (6.1 pcs. stems/plant) was formed in 2019. The minimum total bushiness (3.7 pcs. stems/plant) was formed by hybrids in 2020. The research has established that the most common type of inheritance of total bushiness in 184 Агробіологія, 2024, № 2 agrobiologiya.btsau.edu.ua 2018-2020 was positive overdominance. Thus, when using early-ripening varieties as the maternal form, positive overdominance was established in 95.0% of hybrids. During the research years positive overdominance was determined in 17 out of 20 crossing combinations. In 2018 and 2019 all first-generation hybrids inherited total bushiness by positive overdominance. When hybridizing by maternal form of mediumearly, medium-ripening and medium-late varieties of soft winter wheat, the determined indicators of the degree of phenotypic dominance in 2018- 2020 indicate that the determination of total bushiness in 97.9% of hybrids occurred by positive overdominance – hp = 2.1-95.0. Intermediate inheritance was observed only in the hybrid «Antonivka/Vidrada» – 2020. According to the research data, it was established that the degree indicators of phenotypic dominance of total bushiness in hybrids depended on both crossbreeding components selection and the year conditions. Key words: parental forms, hybrids, phenotypic dominance degree, total bushiness, soft winter wheat.

Historical Memories of Russians Today (history of the XX century Russia in the optics of families’ stories)

Referring to the data of long-term sociological research by the Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the author studies how the historical memory in contemporary Russian society is forming under the influence of the discursive politicization of the national past. The purpose of the article is to study either the images of the recent national past that are rooted in the mass consciousness of Russians being the basis of collective identity, or the changes in attitudes towards the past under the influence of the state rhetoric “historization”. The realization of the scientific purpose involves to solve some research tasks: to study the dynamics of respondents’ interest in the state’s past when political leaders used to apply to historical memory, to analyze what people in Russia think about historical truth, about the ways and the actors of its protection. Under the contemporary political context, when the past and history become tools of political competition, many persons in Russia, for whom the Soviet heritage is the foundation of national identity and family memory, support the idea of the need to protect the socially accepted interpretation of Russian history. In 2020’th the majority of the respondents (37%) claimed the need to react harshly to the distorted interpretation of some events in Russian history when whey answered the question “How should Russia react to the false interpretation of certain historical events in some Western countries?”. The historical truth is considered by the Russia’s citizens as a universal interpretation of historical events, so the majority (48%) claims it is necessary to protect historical memory by the preservation of those interpretations of the historical events, that are admitted by the society. Supporting the idea that historical truth should be protected, Russian citizens rather support harsh political statements and defensive foreign policy discourse than demonstrate real involvement into historical context, their own daily interest in protecting accepted interpretations of the past and personal concern about their correctness. In 2022 less than a third of the respondents (29%) considered the ordinary citizens should protect the historical truth, while the majority claimed the state’s leadership (67%), professional historians (49%) and social scientists (38%) should defend national historical memory.

Changes in the Basic Metabolic Rate of the Crew under conditions of Eight Months Isolation in a Hermetic Object with a Moderately Hypercapnic Artificial Gas Environment. Message 1

Within the framework of the SIRIUS international project, a study of the basic metabolism of a gender-mixed crew in a sealed object with a moderately high content of carbon dioxide in the artificial atmosphere was conducted. Using mathematical methods, we estimated the basic metabolic rate of a crew of 5 people (3 men and 2 women) at rest for 240 days of isolation when simulating a flight to the Moon in the “SIRIUS-21” experiment. The period of isolation lasted from 4.11.2021 to 3.07.2022. BMR studies were performed twice in the background (on –38–35, –6 days), 7 times during the isolation period (23–25, 50–52, 84–86, 110–112, 154–156, 181–183, 222–224 day) and twice during the aftereffect period (+1–2, +8–9 days). It was found that the basic metabolism in isolation decreased by an average of 6 kcal/kg of body weight per day compared with natural environmental conditions. The crew was isolated from the effects of seasonal lighting changes in a sealed facility, the Ground-Based Medical and Technical Facility (NEK) of the Scientific Research Center of the Russian Federation - Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which does not have portholes, and where artificial lighting was created without seasonal changes. Inside the NEK, the comfort temperature was constantly maintained at +21–23 degrees Celsius and an artificial gas environment was formed, in which the oxygen content was maintained at 21%, carbon dioxide no more than 0.35%. In conditions of isolation from the action of these geophysical environmental factors, seasonal fluctuations in basal metabolism with a wave span of an average of 4 kcal /kg of body weight per day were detected: in the spring calendar season, the level of basal metabolism increased relative to the winter season. Seasonal local maximums and minimums of the basic exchange level for 2 calendar seasons (winter 2021/2022 and in spring 2022) were determined for each of the volunteers. The results obtained in this work can be applied in the field of space physiology to clarify the calculated oxygen reserves and caloric content of the crew’s rations for a long-term space mission, as well as in the design and programming of life support systems and thermal management systems for inhabited hermetic objects.

Determination of the cover coefficient for soil surfaces of the runoff of residential areas

Due to the constant increase in tariffs in the field of public utilities, the problem of the need for accurate calculation of the volume of surface runoff is becoming more acute, which must take into account not only the landscape features of the area, but also the water-absorbing properties of the soil and coatings. The purpose of this work is to determine the coefficient of coverage zi for the most characteristic types of natural and artificial surfaces. The scientific novelty lies in the refinement of the existing methodology set out in the “Recommendations of the State Scientific Research Center of the Russian Federation FSUE Scientific Research Institute VODGEO”, in particular, the establishment of a mathematical dependence of the value of the coefficient of cover zi on the fractional composition of the soil to determine the coefficient of surface runoff Ψ, on which commercial calculations for the drainage of rain and meltwater into the storm sewer system are based.

Seismic site conditions of RESNOM network

The Northwest Seismic Network of Mexico (RESNOM) is operated by personnel from the Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), which supervises station installation, improvement, and maintenance. We employed seismic noise and the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method to determine, for each station, the following site condition parameters: the depth of the rock layer (Heng_bed), and the geotechnical parameter VS30, obtained from 1D shear wave velocity models. Other parameters as the fundamental frequency (f0) and the average amplitude at the fundamental frequency (A0) were also estimated. Our results show clear differences between the values obtained for the Mexicali Valley and the Peninsular ranges regions. The VS30 obtained for stations of the Mexicali Valley region falls in the range from 173 m/s to 535 m/s, while for the Peninsular Ranges region is between 213 m/s and 958 m/s. Regarding the Heng_bed parameter, the values are similar between both regions, from 23 m to 850 m for the Peninsular and from 42 m to 926 m for the Mexicali Valley. Additionally, from the VS30 values, we propose the site classification according to the U.S. National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).