Scientific Quality Research Articles

La filosofía de la ciencia orientadora de la investigación y producción científica en la educación superior peruana.

Abstract Higher education in Peru; the work theorizes, reflects and argues heuristically the performance or role of the philosophy of science in scientific research within the framework of Peruvian, Latin American and world higher education. In generic terms, the philosophical educational action at the higher level is very important, since it is an essential and very necessary element; among others, for the generation of knowledge within the research process and specifically in teaching-learning the methodology of research at university level. The classification of formal, factual and applied sciences does not reflect philosophically on the generation of scientific knowledge, methodology, development and quality of the finished product. Finally, it does not establish knowledge and application of the relevant philosophy, for the scientific method, having largely distinguishable limitations in the scientific production of Peruvian universities, reason why it is not published in scientific journals such as Scopus, Web of Sciene and Sciel. Keywords: Philosophy, science, scientific research, higher education

Quality Appraisal in Systematic Literature Reviews of Studies Eliciting Health State Utility Values: Conceptual Considerations.

The increasing number of studies that generate health state utility values (HSUVs) and the impact of HSUVs on cost-utility analyses make a robust tailored quality appraisal (QA) tool for systematic reviews of these studies necessary. This study aimed to address conceptual issues regarding QA in systematic reviews of studies eliciting HSUVs by establishing a consensus on the definitions, dimensions and scope of a QA tool specific to this context. A modified Delphi method was used in this study. An international multidisciplinary panel of seven experts was purposively assembled. The experts engaged in two anonymous online survey rounds. After each round, the experts received structured and controlled feedback on the previous phase. Controlled feedback allowed the experts to re-evaluate and adjust their positions based on collective insights. Following these surveys, a virtual face-to-face meeting was held to resolve outstanding issues. Consensus was defined a priori at all stages of the modified Delphi process. The response rates to the first-round and second-round questionnaires and the virtual consensus meeting were 100%, 86% and 71%, respectively. The entire process culminated in a consensus on the definitions of scientific quality, QA, the three QA dimensions-reporting,relevance and methodologicalquality-and the scope of a QA tool specific to studies that elicit HSUVs. Achieving this consensus marks a pivotal step towards developing a QA tool specific to systematic reviews of studies eliciting HSUVs. Future research will build on this foundation, identify QA items, signalling questions and response options, and develop a QA tool specific to studies eliciting HSUVs.

Research on the Status Quo and Improvement Needs of Foreign Language Teachers’ Teaching Competence in Curriculum-Based Ideological Education in Xinjiang Colleges and Universities

This study investigated the status quo and further improvement needs of foreign language teachers’ teaching competence in curriculum-based ideological education (CIE) in Xinjiang colleges and universities. The results show that the teachers’ teaching competence in CIE is generally good, with the “cultivating quality” being the highest and the “scientific research quality” the lowest; there still exist several problems, such as teachers’ lack of theoretical knowledge in CIE, lack of teaching resources, and insufficient abilities in teaching design and research. It is hoped that with the support and efforts from university administrations, teachers can improve their teaching competence in CIE through various approaches adopted and multiple measures taken, thus optimizing their teaching effectiveness, promoting the construction of CIE in Xinjiang colleges and universities in the new era, and contributing to Xinjiang’s high-quality development.

Developing generic templates to shape the future for conducting integrated research platform trials

BackgroundInterventional clinical studies conducted in the regulated drug research environment are designed using International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) regulatory guidance documents: ICH E6 (R2) Good Clinical Practice—scientific guideline, first published in 2002 and last updated in 2016. This document provides an international ethical and scientific quality standard for designing and conducting trials that involve the participation of human subjects. Recently, there has been heightened awareness of the importance of integrated research platform trials (IRPs) designed to evaluate multiple therapies simultaneously. The use of a single master protocol as a key source document to fulfill trial conduct obligations has resulted in a re-examination of the templates used to fulfill the dynamic regulatory and modern drug development environment challenges.MethodsRegulatory medical writing, biostatistical, and other members of EU Patient-cEntric clinicAl tRial pLatforms (EU-PEARL) developed the suite of templates for IRPs over a 3.5-year period. Stakeholders contributing expertise included academic hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, non-governmental organizations, patient representative groups, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).ResultsThe suite of templates for IRPs based on TransCelerate’s Common Protocol Template (CPT) and statistical analysis plan (SAP) should help authors navigate relevant guidelines as they create study design content relevant for today’s IRP studies. It offers practical suggestions for adaptive platform designs which offer flexible features such as dropping treatments for futility or adding new treatments to be tested during a trial. The EU-PEARL suite of templates for IRPs comprises a preface, followed by the actual resource. The preface clarifies the intended use and underlying principles that inform resource utility. The preface lists references contributing to the development of the resource. The resource includes TransCelerate CPT guidance text, and EU-PEARL-derived guidance text, distinguished from one another using shading. Rationale comments are used throughout for clarification purposes. In addition, a user-friendly, functional, and informative Platform Trials Best Practices tool to support the setup, design, planning, implementation, and conduct of complex and innovative trials to support multi-sourced/multi-company platform trials is also provided. Together, the EU-PEARL suite of templates and the Platform Trials Best Practices tool constitute the reference user manual.ConclusionsThis publication is intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the EU-PEARL suite of templates for designing IRPs. The reference user manual and the associated website (http://www.eu-pearl) should facilitate the designing of IRP trials.

Some Theoretical Issues on Quality Management of Training Programs at Universities According to AUN-QA Standards

The article presents an overview of the research situation on the set of assessment standards for training programs according to AUN-QA standards in the world and Vietnam. The inherit the ideas of domestic and foreign scientists, this research building a theoretical basis for building operating procedures and quality management content of training programs at universities according to AUN-QA standards. This activity includes planning, organization, direction, and inspection integrated with elements of management subjects, management objects, and management tools to ensure scientific and effective quality management of training programs at universities; contributing to the implementation of tasks and basic goals of education and training in the new era.

Evaluation of a Training Program on Gender Mainstreaming in Health Research Evaluation at the Senegalese National Research Ethics Committee.

Health research must be of high ethical and scientific quality and consider the needs and experiences of women, men, and nonbinary individuals. National Research Ethics Committees (RECs) are in a strategic position to impede sex- and gender-blind research. In 2020 and 2021, training programs on gender mainstreaming and sex and gender approaches in research evaluation were launched in Senegal. They were evaluated through a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. Knowledge acquisition was 16.67%, 8.54%, and 28.42% for the trainees of 2021, 2020, and those who attended the training in both years, respectively. Gender mainstreaming was reported as pertinent in research ethics by 74% of participants. This training is expected to catalyze gender-transformative research ethics in West Africa.

Comment on: Responsible Research Assessment I and Responsible Research Assessment II

A long-term personnel policy in filling professorships, aimed at remedying deficits in psychological research, should be able to significantly improve the scientific quality of psychology: “The main reason is that the hiring and promotion of such researchers is most likely to contribute to the emergence of a credible scientific knowledge base“ (Gärtner et al., in press).

Quantitative sensory testing in canine musculoskeletal pain: Findings from a systematic review, meta-analysis feasibility assessment, and limitations

Quantitative sensory testing (QST) allows the study of pain mechanisms, patient phenotyping, and response to therapy. The goals of this study were to conduct a systematic review of the use of QST in dogs with musculoskeletal disease including osteoarthritis (OA), and to assess, by means of a meta-analysis, the ability of QST to differentiate affected dogs from healthy controls. The study protocol was registered; three bibliographic databases were screened. Studies involving QST in healthy dogs and those with musculoskeletal disease were included. Data were extracted using a standardized form. Assessment of quality and risk of bias were performed using the CAMARADES critical assessment tool.Twenty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria [systematic review (n = 11); meta-analysis (n = 28)]. In the systematic review, ten studies performed static QST: mechanical [punctate tactile (n = 6); mechanical pressure (n = 5)]; thermal [cold (n = 3); hot (n = 4)]; electrical (n = 1); and one study performed dynamic QST [conditioned pain modulation (n = 1)]. Most studies were of good scientific quality and showed low to moderate risk of bias. A meta-analysis was not possible due to numerous and severe issues of heterogeneity of data among studies. Methods to reduce risk of bias and use of reporting guidelines are some of the most needed improvements in QST research in dogs. Standardization of QST methodology is urgently needed in future studies to allow for data synthesis and a clear understanding of the sensory phenotype of dogs with and without chronic pain including OA.

Preface: 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Intelligent Communication (CSIC 2023)

2023 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Intelligent Communication (CSIC 2023) was held in Vancouver, Canada during December 30-31, 2023. This conference provides a forum for accessing to the most up-to-date and authoritative knowledge from both industrial and academic worlds, sharing best practice in the fields of computer science, artificial intelligence, machine learning, information engineering, and communication technology. A key aspect of this conference is the strong mixture of academia and industry.
 All papers in this proceeding were subject to peer-review by conference committee members and international reviewers. The papers were selected for the proceedings based on quality and relevance to the conference. We express our gratitude to all people who contributed to the review process and did all their best to enhance the scientific merit and quality of the proceedings. We are also grateful to the authors for their contributions, to the speakers and participants. We wish to extend our warmest welcome to all interested participants to the next CSIC.
 The CSIC Organizing committee
 Vancouver, Canada

Qualité rédactionnelle des thèses d’exercice en Médecine et en Pharmacie à l’Université de Bamako (Mali).

To describe the scientific editorial quality of practice theses defended at the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bamako (Mali), during the period 2016-2018. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on practice theses in health science, defended between 2016 and 2018, and the electronic version of which was available at the libraries of the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bamako. An adjusted STROBE grid was used to measure a scientific editorial conformity score for 18 iso-weighted items of the IMRaD structure (i.e. a total of 18 points). In this way, the scientific editorial quality of practice theses in health sciences was judged to be highly conform (14-18 points), fairly conform (9-13 points), poorly conform (5-8 points), or not conform (<5 points). An ordinal logistic regression model was used to identify determining factors independently associated with the scientific editorial quality of the health sciences practice thesis, with a significance level of 5%. A total of 534 practice theses in health sciences were included in this study, whose scientific editorial quality was judged to be highly or fairly conform (12.2%), poorly conform (43.1%) or not conform (44.8%). These standards scientific editorial conformity, which was higher in a "Medicine" thesis than in a "Pharmacy" thesis (ORa=2.45; IC95% [1.62-3.27], p<=0.05), was attributed to the supervisor's membership of a research structure (ORa=2.88; IC95% [1.6-3.2]; p<0.05). The research methodology profile of the practice health sciences thesis supervisor and the thesis section are associated with scientific editorial standard with the IMRaD.

Development of machine learning models using multi-source data for geographical traceability and content prediction of Eucommia ulmoides leaves

Rapid and scientific quality evaluation is a hot topic in the research of food and medicinal plants. With the increasing popularity of derivative products from Eucommia ulmoides leaves, quality and safety have attracted public attention. The present study utilized multi-source data and traditional machine learning to conduct geographical traceability and content prediction research on Eucommia ulmoides leaves. Explored the impact of different preprocessing methods and low-level data fusion strategy on the performance of classification and regression models. The classification analysis results indicated that the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) established by low-level fusion of two infrared spectroscopy techniques based on first derivative (FD) preprocessing was most suitable for geographical traceability of Eucommia ulmoides leaves, with an accuracy rate of up to 100 %. Through regression analysis, it was found that the preprocessing methods and data blocks applicable to the four chemical components were inconsistent. The optimal partial least squares regression (PLSR) model based on aucubin (AU), geniposidic acid (GPA), and chlorogenic acid (CA) had a residual predictive deviation (RPD) value higher than 2.0, achieving satisfactory predictive performance. However, the PLSR model based on quercetin (QU) had poor performance (RPD = 1.541) and needed further improvement. Overall, the present study proposed a strategy that can effectively evaluate the quality of Eucommia ulmoides leaves, while also providing new ideas for the quality evaluation of food and medicinal plants.

Impact of Hypnotherapy on Fear, Pain, and the Birth Experience: A Systematic Review.

In recent times, research has been conducted on the use of hypnosis during childbirth preparation and its effects on pain, fear, and overall childbirth experience. The main objective of this study was to analyze the published scientific literature on the use of hypnotherapy during childbirth preparation and the outcomes achieved during labor. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, with a search performed on the PubMed, Cinahl, Scopus, and WOS databases. Studies meeting inclusion criteria, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were evaluated for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. The searches yielded a total of 84 results, from which 7 RCTs of high scientific quality were selected. Each article examined the impact of a hypnosis intervention during pregnancy and the results obtained during labor. The analysis covered the use of epidural anesthesia, pharmacological analgesia during labor, self-reported pain, labor duration, type of delivery, fear of childbirth, and childbirth experience. The results demonstrated benefits in reducing fear and pain during labor, along with an enhancement in the overall childbirth experience. Hypnotherapy can be a valuable resource for reducing fear and pain during labor and improving the lived childbirth experience.

New Quality Evaluation of Qizhi Xiangfu Pills Based on Fingerprint with Chemometric Analysis and Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by Single Marker.

Qizhi Xiangfu Pills (QZXFPs) is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicine preparations for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, but the existing quality evaluation standards have certain shortcomings and deficiencies. An effective and scientific quality evaluation method plays a vital role in medication safety. In this study, fingerprint combined with chemometric analysis and quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker (QAMS) method was used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of QZXFPs. The fingerprints of 28 batches samples were established and 23 common peaks were distinguished, of which 7 peaks were identified as albiflorin, paeoniflorin, baicalin, ligustilide, cyperotundone, nootkatone and α-cyperone. The content of these seven active ingredients was determined simultaneously by the QAMS method and there was no significantly different between QAMS and the external standard method. Additionally, similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis were applied for classifying the 28 batches of samples, and to find the main components causing the quality differences between different batches. In conclusion, the established method can comprehensively evaluate the consistency of quality between different batches and provide a reference for formulation quality evaluation to ensure safe and effective application of QZXFPs.

The use of injectable orthobiologics for knee osteoarthritis: A European ESSKA-ORBIT consensus. Part 1-Blood-derived products (platelet-rich plasma).

The aim of this European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy (ESSKA) consensus is to provide recommendations based on evidence and expert opinion to improve indications, decision-makingand administration-related aspects when using blood-derived orthobiologics (for simplicity indicated as PRP-platelet-rich plasma-with PRP being the most common product) for the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Leading European expert clinicians and scientists were divided into a steering group, a rating group and a peer review group. The steering group prepared 28 question-statement sets divided into three sections: PRP rationale and indications, PRP preparation and characterisationand PRP protocol. The quality of the statements received grades of recommendation ranging from A (high-level scientific support)to B (scientific presumption), C (low-level scientific support) or D (expert opinion). The question-statement sets were then evaluated by the rating group, and the statements scored from 1 to 9 based on their degree of agreement with the statements produced by the steering group. Once a general consensus was reached between the steering and rating groups, the document was submitted to the peer review group who evaluated the geographic adaptability and approved the document. A final combined meeting of all the members of the consensus was held to produce the official document. The literature review on the use of blood-derived products for knee OA revealed that 9 of 28 questions/statements had the support of high-level scientific literature, while the other 19 were supported by a medium-low scientific quality. Three of the 28 recommendations were grade A recommendations: (1) There is enough preclinical and clinical evidence to support the use of PRP in knee OA. This recommendation was considered appropriate with a strong agreement (mean: 8). (2) Clinical evidence has shown the effectiveness of PRP in patients for mild to moderate degrees of knee OA (KL ≤ 3). This recommendation was considered appropriate with a strong agreement (mean: 8.1). (3) PRP injections have been shown to provide a longer effect in comparison to the short-term effect of CS injections. They also seem to provide a safer use profile with less potential related complications. This recommendation was considered appropriate with a very strong agreement (mean: 8.7). Six statements were grade B recommendations, 7 were grade C and 12 were grade D. The mean rating score was 8.2 ± 0.3. The consensus group reached a high level of agreement on all the questions/statements despite the lack of clear evidence for some questions. According to the results from this consensus group, given the large body of existing literature and expert opinions, PRP was regarded as a valid treatment option for knee OAand as a possible first-line injectable treatment option for nonoperative management of knee OA, mainly for KL grades 1-3. Level II.

Preface: The 5th International Conference of Water Resources Development and Environmental Protection (ICWRDEP 2023)

The 5th International Conference on Water Resources Development and Environmental Protection 2023 (ICWRDEP 2023) was successfully conducted using a hybrid approach on September 23rd, 2023, at Universitas Brawijaya in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. ICWRDEP has maintained its biennial schedule, an ongoing tradition since the middle of 2015.The Water Resources Engineering Department - Faculty of Engineering - Universitas Brawijaya organized the ICWRDEP 2023 in cooperation with the Ministry of Public Works and Housings of Indonesia, Miyazaki University in Japan, and the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India. The conference topics are River Engineering and Management, Coastal Engineering and Management, Environmental Engineering and Sanitation, Water-Related Disaster Risk Reduction, Water Resources Engineering and Management, and Water-related to Civil, Architectural Engineering. Through the presentation of papers and discussion, the conference provides a platform for researchers, engineers, and academicians to meet and share ideas, achievements, and experiences. This international event is essential in promoting and encouraging practitioners to apply the new concept of water resource development and techniques and enhancing knowledge and understanding with the required specifications of analysis, design, and construction of any engineering concept.We want to convey our deepest gratitude to the Rector of Universitas Brawijaya, the Dean of Engineering Faculty, Keynote Speakers Arie Setiadi Moerwanto, Ph.D from Ministry of Public Works & Housing, Republic of Indonesia, Prof. Keisuke Murakami from Miyazaki University, Japan, Prof. Deepak Khare from Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India, Prof. Donny Harisuseno from Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia, International Advisory Board members, organizing committee, and all participants.The Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science feature original research papers stemming from the presentations at ICWRDEP 2023. Experts in relevant fields reviewed all manuscripts submitted to the Proceedings ICWRDEP 2023. We appreciate all of the reviewer’s time and thoughtful comments. Their reviews, we believe, aided in improving the scientific quality of the papers presented.We are looking forward to the 6th ICWRDEP in 2025. We expect more experts and scholars worldwide to attend this international conference.Malang, September 23rd, 2023Universitas BrawijayaIndonesiaList of Committees, Documentation are available in the pdf.

Denoising of Geochemical Data using Deep Learning–Implications for Regional Surveys

Regional geochemical surveys generate large amounts of data that can be used for a number of purposes such as to guide mineral exploration. Modern surveys are typically designed to permit quantification of data uncertainty through data quality metrics by using quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) methods. However, these metrics, such as data accuracy and precision, are obtained through the data generation phase. Consequently, it is unclear how residual uncertainty in geochemical data can be minimized (denoised). This is a limitation to propagating uncertainty through downstream activities, particularly through complex models, which can result from the usage of artificial intelligence-based methods. This study aims to develop a deep learning-based method to examine and quantify uncertainty contained in geochemical survey data. Specifically, we demonstrate that: (1) autoencoders can reduce or modulate geochemical data uncertainty; (2) a reduction in uncertainty is observable in the spatial domain as a decrease of the nugget; and (3) a clear data reconstruction regime of the autoencoder can be identified that is strongly associated with data denoising, as opposed to the removal of useful events in data, such as meaningful geochemical anomalies. Our method to post-hoc denoising of geochemical data using deep learning is simple, clear and consistent, with the amount of denoising guided by highly interpretable metrics and existing frameworks of scientific data quality. Consequently, variably denoised data, as well as the original data, could be fed into a single downstream workflow (e.g., mapping, general data analysis or mineral prospectivity mapping), and the differences in the outcome can be subsequently quantified to propagate data uncertainty.

Happy 30th Volume and 35th Anniversary, European Journal of Therapeutics!

Dear Colleagues, It is an honor for us to celebrate the thirty-fifth anniversary and thirtieth volume of the establishment of the European Journal of Therapeutics (Eur J Ther) and to share this editorial with you. Dr. Sabri Güngör, the first Editor-in-Chief of the Eur J Ther (formerly Journal of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep), said the following in 1990 [1]: "What is happening in the medical world, which is witnessing dizzying changes every day, can be carried to the most extreme points in a very short time with today's communication tools." "Despite our limited resources, our aim is to fulfill this function in the best possible way from the first issue onwards." Although serious problems have been experienced from time to time during this thirty-five-year period, the Eur J Ther has continued on its way to move forward day by day, not counting the stagnation period between 2002 and 2006. As the current editorial team, our goal is to carry the Eur J Ther further with the contributions of our esteemed colleagues. On this 35th anniversary of the journal, we would like to thank the authors who submitted their work to the Eur J Ther. Your valuable work has made the Eur J Ther what it is today. We would also like to thank the hundreds of valuable referees who have served the Eur J Ther by reviewing these manuscripts and the previous Editors-in-Chief and Editors who have contributed to the advancement of the Eur J Ther in terms of scientific quality. With our respect,

Beyond NICE: Updated Systematic Review on the Current Evidence of Using Puberty Blocking Pharmacological Agents and Cross-Sex-Hormones in Minors with Gender Dysphoria

Beyond NICE: Updated Systematic Review on the Current Evidence of Using Puberty Blocking Pharmacological Agents and Cross-Sex-Hormones in Minors with Gender Dysphoria Abstract: Objective: The suppression of physiological puberty using puberty-blocking pharmacological agents (PB) and prescribing cross-sex hormones (CSH) to minors with gender dysphoria (GD) is a current matter of discussion, and in some cases, PB and CSH are used in clinical practice for this particular population. Two systematic reviews (one on PB, one on CSH treatment) by the British National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) from 2020 indicated no clear clinical benefit of such treatments regarding critical outcome variables. In particular, these two systematic NICE reviews on the use of PB and CSH in minors with GD detected no clear improvements of GD symptoms. Moreover, the overall scientific quality of the available evidence, as discussed within the above-mentioned two NICE reviews, was classified as "very low certainty" regarding modified GRADE criteria. Method: The present systematic review presents an updated literature search on this particular topic (use of PB and CSH in minors with GD) following NICE principles and PICO criteria for all relevant new original research studies published since the release of the two above-mentioned NICE reviews (updated literature search period was July 2020-August 2023). Results: The newly conducted literature search revealed no newly published original studies targeting NICE-defined critical and important outcomes and the related use of PB in minors with GD following PICO criteria. For CSH treatment, we found two new studies that met PICO criteria, but these particular two studies had low participant numbers, yielded no significant additional clear evidence for specific and clearly beneficial effects of CSH in minors with GD, and could be classified as "low certainty" tfollowing modified GRADE criteria. Conclusions: The currently available studies on the use of PB and CSH in minors with GD have significant conceptual and methodological flaws. The available evidence on the use of PB and CSH in minors with GD is very limited and based on only a few studies with small numbers, and these studies have problematic methodology and quality. There also is a lack of adequate and meaningful long-term studies. Current evidence doesn't suggest that GD symptoms and mental health significantly improve when PB or CSH are used in minors with GD. Psychotherapeutic interventions to address and reduce the experienced burden can become relevant in children and adolescents with GD. If the decision to use PB and/or CSH is made on an individual case-by-case basis and after a complete and thorough mental health assessment, potential treatment of possibly co-occurring mental health problems as well as after a thoroughly conducted and carefully executed individual risk-benefit evaluation, doing so as part of clinical studies or research projects, as currently done in England, can be of value in terms of generation of new research data. The electronic supplement (ESM) 1 is an adapted and abreviated English version of this work.

“It is controlling, but you don’t really care.” Researchers’ perceptions of legitimation of research policy

Abstract Starting from the tension between scientific autonomy and state governing in research policy, the aim of this article is to examine how researchers who apply for funding in Sweden perceive the legitimate grounds for a new research policy in which sex and gender perspectives are integrated as criteria in assessing scientific quality. Our results show that researcher’s perception of themselves, and of the purpose of research, is compatible with dominant ideals in contemporary academic landscape, where knowledge is treated as a deliverable to external stakeholders or to meet politically formulated goals. However, according to researchers, the legitimate sources of policy influence originate from their own profession or the common interest of the people, explicitly expressed by citizens. Researchers are questioning, and find strategies to avoid, top-down state governing.

PomBase: a Global Core Biodata Resource-growth, collaboration, and sustainability.

PomBase (https://www.pombase.org), the model organism database (MOD) for fission yeast, was recently awarded Global Core Biodata Resource (GCBR) status by the Global Biodata Coalition (GBC; https://globalbiodata.org/) after a rigorous selection process. In this MOD review, we present PomBase's continuing growth and improvement over the last 2 years. We describe these improvements in the context of the qualitative GCBR indicators related to scientific quality, comprehensivity, accelerating science, user stories, and collaborations with other biodata resources. This review also showcases the depth of existing connections both within the biocuration ecosystem and between PomBase and its user community.