Scientific Orientation Research Articles

Livelihood Enhancement of Scheduled Caste Farmers through Integrated Farming System in Kolar District, India

The study was conducted in purposively selected Kolar district, a total sample of 353 respondents were purposively selected for the study. Data was collected by using pretested structured interview schedule and analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools. The results revealed that a majority of the respondents belonged to low category of mass media exposure, medium category of education, livestock possession, cosmopoliteness, extension participation, social participation, scientific orientation, risk orientation, training undergone followed by high category of cropping pattern, innovativeness, management orientation, level of aspiration, participation in the developmental programmes, willingness towards IFS, access to extension personnel and access to resources. Livelihood Security of respondents in ‘highly satisfied category’ increased to 37.96 per cent from 28.33 per cent out of seven dimensions, maximum increase was noticed in economic efficiency (52.71%). The personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics such as cropping pattern, livestock possession, risk orientation, training undergone, access to extension personnel and access to resources had positive and significant relationship with livelihood security. The multiple regression value indicated that all the 18 independent variables had contributed to the tune of 23.20 per cent of variation in livelihood security of the respondents. The results pertaining to economic analysis indicated that BC ratio has been increased to 2.98 from 1.93 in crop component and with respect livestock component BC ratio was found to be enhanced to 3.18 from 1.93 after the implementation of the project. Hence, the concerned development departments should organize the demonstrations, trainings, field days, exposure visits etc., to educate the farmers about IFS. The positive and significantly related characteristics need to be considered while selecting the farmers for the extension educational programmes to enhance their livelihood security.

Landscape of scientific research on the problems of decarbonization and achieving carbon neutrality of national economies

Purpose: is to form a comprehensive understanding of the patterns of publication activity in the field of decarbonization that have developed in the global and Russian scientific space, in order to identify promising scientific areas on this basis that can define new research horizons in achieving carbon neutrality.Methods: the research methods involved bibliographic and bibliometric analyses of scholarly publications, utilizing data from the Scopus and eLibrary databases. The study encompasses the timeframe from 2012 to 2022. The research methodology is structured to address three key objectives. Firstly, it aims to identify the quantitative dynamics of global publication activity in the realm of decarbonization. Secondly, the investigation seeks to analyze publication patterns at the levels of research organizations, countries, keywords, related topics, scientific publications, subject areas, and thematic groups, including clusters of thematic groups. Thirdly, the research involves semantic analysis of publications and the identification of points of research interest within the contexts of both global and Russian scientific landscapes.Results: it has been established that bibliographic clustering of studies on decarbonization problems occurs not so much around technical and technological solutions, but in conceptually broader coordinates. It has been identified that the aspiration for carbon neutrality is predominantly observed in economies characterized by a high standard of living, where citizens exhibit a heightened sense of social responsibility and a greater commitment to enhancing the quality of life for future generations. It was revealed that if the global problems of decarbonization are the center of gravity of the most powerful researchers and scientific teams, but in Russia this topic is not yet characterized by a comparable positioning.Conclusions and Relevance: systematization of decarbonization research, which is rapidly developing both in terms of volume indicators and in terms of increasing its interdisciplinarity and social relevance, is the most important condition for effective scientific orientation and research routing in a highly fragmented and contradictory development space on the problems of the global energy transition.

Что отличает традиционную индийскую эпистемическую культуру от классической эпистемической культуры Запада?

The paper presented to the reader’s attention pursues two goals. The first is a substantiation of the productivity of the concept “epistemic culture” (hereinafter – EC) as a tool of historico-philosophical intercultural research by the example of its application to the interpretation of the meanings of Indian logico-epistemological texts. The second is a demonstration of differences in understanding the purposes and ideals of cognition in traditional Indian EC, and in the Western classical EC with its scientific orientation. Wholeness of the foundations of traditional theoretical knowledge in India, and the leading role of religion in the process of its elaboration (1) led to a different understanding of the aims (2) and ideals (3) of cognition than those which took shape in Western theoretical knowledge, and which became the basis of the scientific revolution of the XVII century. The absence of the concept of the Divine Reason in Indian culture also prevented the formation in EC of the concepts of absolute (4) and objective (5) truth, human reason (6) and rationality (7) as criteria for the truth results of cognition. Indian philosophers placed the superintelligent comprehension (anubhava, pratibhāsa) (8) of the supreme truth (paramārtha) at the top of the hierarchy of cognitive abilities. The eight listed features of the Indian EC determined significant differences in the orientations of civilizational development in India and in the West: invariable orientation to the life “according to dharma”, getting rid of the suffering of the material world – in the Indian civilization, and to a material prosperous life based on technogenic development – in the West from the modernity.

ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR AND MOTIVATIONAL SOURCES OF ORNAMENTAL NURSERY OWNERS

The ornamental nursery owners are small- or large-scale entrepreneurs who raise and market their ornamental plant commodities. The ornamental nursery is an enterprise undertaken by a nursery owner to gain self-employment and earn some profit. The present study was conducted using an ex-post facto research design in four talukas of the Navsari district of South Gujarat namely Khergam, Chikhli, Gandevi and Vansda during the year 2022-23. From each selected taluka 25 respondents were randomly selected. Thus, for the present study total of 100 sample size was obtained. The study was conducted to find out the entrepreneurial behaviour and motivational sources for the ntrepreneurial behaviour of ornamental nursery owners of the study area. The entrepreneurial behaviour of ornamental nursery owners was assessed from risk orientation, achievement motivation, scientific orientation, management orientation, innovativeness and decision-making ability. The study revealed that the majority of ornamental nurseries had a medium level of entrepreneurial behaviour. The study also revealed that the majority of ornamental nursery owners had a medium level of risk orientation, achievement motivation, scientific orientation, management orientation, innovativeness and decision-making ability. Additionally, the study revealed that among the six components of entrepreneurial behaviour management orientation contributed the highest in calculating entrepreneurial behaviour, followed by scientific orientation, risk orientation, achievement motivation, decision-making ability and innovativeness based on their mean percentage ranking. The study further revealed that less than half of the ornamental nursery owners had progressive nursery owners, followed by self and neighbours/friends/relatives as their motivational sources for entrepreneurial behaviour.

DETERMINANTS OF FARMER SUICIDE SYNDROME: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

This communication delves into the suicide syndrome among farmers, leading to their tragic decision to commit suicide. It examines the factors driving this drastic and irreversible choice, with a specific focus on Mandya and Haveri districts in Karnataka. A total of 60 kin member of an affected farmers family was interviewed personally to obtain first-hand data using well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. The results revealed that, correlation coefficient of independent variables of affected farmers, age, education, farming experience, cosmopoliteness, scientific orientation, information seeking behaviour and deferred gratification have exhibited positive and highly significant (p<0.01) relationship with suicide syndrome among pooled affected farmers. Correlation coefficients of independent variables for non-affected farmers, farming experience, family type, caste, economic motivation, innovativeness, and risk orientation have exhibited positive and highly significant (p<0.01) relationship with suicide syndrome among pooled non-affected farmers. Results of multiple regression analysis carried out for affected farmers in Mandya and Haveri districts reveal that, scientific orientation (t=2.82 ** ), information seeking bahaviour (t=2.50 ** ) and management orientation (t=2.81 ** ) have shown positive and highly significant contribution at one per cent level. Multiple regression analysis for non-affected farmers indicates that, among six independent variables, management orientation contributed significantly (t=2.68 ** ) for the suicide syndrome level at one per cent level. Keywords : determina

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELECTED PROFILE OF THE POTATO GROWERS AND THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF BENEFICIARY FARMERS ABOUT POTATO PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

The present study was undertaken in KVK at Deesa of Banaskantha district. Out of 14 talukas Banaskantha District seven talukas falls under the jurisdiction of KVK, Banaskantha-I (Deesa). Among the seven talukas four taluka was purposively selected on the basis of maximum numbers of activities carried out by KVK. From each selected talukas three villages were selected purposively on the basis of maximum numbers of beneficiary farmers. A comprehensive list of the beneficiary potato growers of each adopted village was obtained from KVK. From this list, ten beneficiary potato growers from each village were selected randomly for the study. Thus, 120 beneficiary potato growers were selected for the study. To know the impact of KVK, the same numbers of non beneficiary potato growers were selected randomly from same villages. Thus, altogether 120 beneficiary and 120 non beneficiary potato growers were selected for the study. Thus, total 240 potato growers were selected. Among the selected variables, the variable viz., education, extension participation, source of information, scientific orientation, risk orientation, economic motivation and attitude had exerted positive and highly significant relationship while farming experience, size of land holding, occupation, yield and social participation had positive and significant relationship. Whereas, age exerted negative and non-significant relationship and annual income had positive and non-significant relationship with knowledge level about potato production technology.

ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROFILE OF TRAINED YOUTH OF THE ARYA PROJECT ABOUT GOAT FARMING

Agriculture and related industries are the driving force behind our country's socioeconomic growth. What is particularly concerning in the current situation is that educated rural young, even agricultural graduates are not interested in pursuing a career in agriculture or its related sectors. Attracting and Retaining of Youth in Agriculture (ARYA) was launched in 2015, Krishi Vigyan Kendra will execute this initiative in 25 states throughout the country. The ARYA project aims to attract and empower rural youth to engage in various agriculture, allied, and service sector enterprises for long-term income and meaningful employment. For present study all 120 trained youth in goat farming were selected, trained youth were selected purposively who have obtained training on goat farming under ARYA project and 20 trainers were selected for suggestions for better run his program of the study area. Thus, a total of 140 respondents were included in the study. It was revealed that majority of trained youth (80.00%) had a medium level of knowledge, followed by 10.83 percent who had a low level of knowledge, and (09.67%) who had a high level of knowledge on appropriate goat rearing practices. The trained youth profiles viz., namely family size, social participation, livestock possession, training experience, mass media utilization behaviour, innovativeness, extension contact, scientific orientation had significant relationship with knowledge of trained youth at 1 % level of probability.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELECTED PROFILES OF BENEFICIARIES OF FARMER PRODUCER COMPANY WITH ITS CONSEQUENCES

The present study was conducted from 2020 to 2023 in the Aurangabad and Latur districts of the Marathwada region in the state of Maharashtra. These districts were purposefully selected for the research study due to the presence of the highest number of Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs). Four FPCs were purposively chosen from each district, each of which had been established either five or three years ago. In total, eight FPCs were selected for the present study. The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between selected profiles of beneficiaries of Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) and its consequences in the Marathwada region. By examining the characteristics and outcomes of beneficiaries within FPCs, we aimed to shed light on the impact of FPC membership on farmers’ livelihoods and agricultural practices in the region. From each of these selected FPCs, two villages were purposively chosen for the study based on the highest number of beneficiaries actively engaged with the FPC. Fifteen beneficiaries were randomly selected from each Farmer Producer Company, resulting in a total sample of 120 beneficiaries. Additionally, 120 non-beneficiaries were selected, bringing the total sample size to 240. Correlation analysis revealed several factors positively and highly significantly related to the consequences of FPC membership, including annual income, social participation, information seeking behavior, mass media utilization, training received, economic motivation, risk preference, innovativeness, scientific orientation, market orientation, and knowledge. Additionally, education, land holding, and occupation were found to have a positive and significant relationship with FPC consequences, while age did not establish any significant relationship. Multiple regressions showed that 77 per cent of the total variation in the overall consequences of FPCs on beneficiaries was explained by the 15 independent variables examined in the study. Furthermore, path analysis indicated that education, social participation, economic motivation, innovativeness, market orientation, and knowledge were crucial variables influencing the overall consequences of FPC membership.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AMONG PROPONENTS OF ORGANIC AND NON-ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES

The adverse repercussions of agrochemicals, prevalent during the Green Revolution, alongside heightened awareness regarding health and environmental concerns, have propelled organic farming to the forefront as a prominent sustainable agricultural method. Various governmental and state- sponsored initiatives in India aim to foster the adoption of organic farming among farmers, exemplified by programmes such as the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana. Within the context of a study conducted with the aim to compare the attributes of the farmers in four blocks of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh, in 2021-22, encompassing farmers practicing both organic and non-organic farming, significant disparities across eighteen variables were observed through applying Z test. Notably, seven variables, including farm size, livestock possession, information sources, innovativeness, training in organic farming, environmental orientation and attitude towards organic farming, exhibited positive significant differences between the two groups, necessitating targeted policy interventions to further incentivize organic farming adoption whereas four variables i.e. scientific orientation, risk orientation, market perception and decision making ability had revealed negative significant difference.

LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF SCHEDULED CASTE FARMERS THROUGH INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM

The study was conducted in purposively selected Chickballapura district, a total sample of 271 respondents was purposively selected for the study. Data was collected by using structured pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The results indicated that, majority of the respondents belonged to medium level of education, cropping pattern, livestock possession, mass media exposure, extension participation, training undergone and access to resources followed by high level of social participation, management orientation, level of aspiration, participation in development program and willingness towards IFS and low level of cosmpoliteness, innovativeness, scientific orientation and access to extension personnel. It was observed that livelihood security of respondents in highly satisfied category increased to 35.79 per cent from 27.31 per cent after implementation of the project. Out of seven dimensions, employment security increased by 39.35 per cent, living amenities increased by 30.82 per cent, coping strategies against stress increased by 30.75 per cent, ecological security increased by 30.00 percent, economic efficiency increased by 28.95 per cent, assets increased by 25.71 per cent and social equitability increased by 24.41 per cent. Overall scores of livelihood security indicated 30.23 per cent increase after implementation of project. The average gross income of Rs.1,03,264 from both crop and livestock enterprises of IFS against Rs.6,956 before implementation of the project. In total they could realize about Rs.70,300 net profit by adopting intercropping and livestock components in IFS. As such, for every one rupee invested under IFS they got 3.13 rupee income. Hence, the concerned development departments should organize the demonstrations, trainings, field days, exposure visits etc., to educate the farmers about IFS. The positive and significantly related characteristics needs to be considered while selecting the farmers for the extension educational programmes in order to enhance their livelihood security.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROFILE OF FARMERS AND THEIR PERCEPTION ABOUT ORGANIC FARMING

The study was carried out in Gujarat state. Total 160 farmers practicing organic farming and registered under Gujarat Organic Products Certification Agency were selected randomly for the study. Ex-post facto research design was used. The coefficient of correlation was computed to find out the relationship between the variables and the step-wise regression (multiple regressions) analysis was employed to envisage the extent of variation caused by independent variables on perception towards organic farming. Amongst the sixteen selected variables in the study, education, agricultural mass media exposure, scientific orientation, risk orientation, achievement motivation and knowledge about organic farming had positive and highly significant relationship with the perception of farmers towards organic farming. Out of sixteen independent variables, five variables viz. risk orientation, knowledge about organic farming, cropping intensity, annual income and agricultural mass media exposure were found to be influencing on perception towards organic farming which were together contributing 28.70 per cent variation.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INLAND FISH FARMERS' ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCE AND THEIR PROFILE

The present investigation, meticulously designed and carried out in the Anand district of middle Gujarat, utilized the 'Ex-post Facto' research design, renowned for its robustness and credibility. The researcher obtained a list of Inland fish farmers from the office of the Assistant Director of Fisheries Anand and KVK, Devataj, and based on availability, 150 Inland fish farmers from the Anand district were selected randomly. The independent variables, including age, education, experience in inland fish farming, extension participation, scientific orientation, and fish farming commitment, had a positive and significant relationship with the entrepreneurial competence of inland fish farmers. Despite the rigorous design, the remaining nine variables failed to show a substantial relationship with their entrepreneurial competence.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FARMERS’ PROFILE AND THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA UTILISATION BEHAVIOUR

In the ever-changing realm of agriculture, social media has transformed from a basic networking platform to a crucial component of contemporary farming methods, gaining considerable traction among farmers. Across Vadodara and Chhotaudepur districts in Gujarat, this research explores how platforms like Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp have revolutionized the way farmers access information, connect with peers and navigate market dynamics. By investigating the relationship between farmers’ profiles and their social media utilization behaviour, this study sheds light on key determinants influencing farmers’ engagement with digital platforms. Through statistical analysis and regression modelling, the research uncovers the pivotal role of factors such as education, social participation and scientific orientation in driving farmers’ adoption of social media. Moreover, it examines direct and indirect effects of various socio-economic and psychological factors, emphasizing the complex interplay shaping farmers’ digital engagement. Ultimately, the findings underscore the urgent need for tailored interventions to enhance farmers’ digital literacy and leverage social media as a powerful tool for sustainable agricultural development.

IMPACT OF FARMER FIRST PROGRAMME ON LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMERS

Directorate of Extension education, Navsari has implemented FFP in the year 2017. The total number of modules implemented were six. The objectives of the study wereto measure the impact of ensuring livelihood security on small and marginal farmers. Total three villages and two talukas of Navsari District were purposively selected for the study. From each module beneficiary farmers were proportionally randomly selected. Total 120 beneficiary and 120 non beneficiary farmers were selected comprising total of 240 respondents. Ex-post facto research design was used. Twelve independent and three dependent variables were chosen. The impact was measured by comparing the change in livelihood security of 120 beneficiary with 120 non-beneficiaries of FFP by using structured schedule of impact. Majority of the beneficiary farmers had medium level of impact on livelihood security, followed by high and low, respectively. Whereas, more than half of the non-beneficiary farmers had medium level of impact on livelihood security, followed by low and high, respectively. The Two sample Z test for livelihood security was found significant at 1 per cent level of probability. Further, education, social participation,extension contact,innovativeness and scientific orientation were found positive and highly significant with livelihood security of beneficiary farmers.

Constitucionalismo de exceção, pós-democracia e o julgamento da reforma trabalhista pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal – STF

This paper will analyze the judgment of Direct Actions of Unconstitutionality ADI 5685, ADI 5938 and ADI 5794 by the Supreme Federal Court, with the objective of verifying whether the Judiciary has echoed the discourse of the economic-financial crisis and legitimately ratified the exceptional measures of austerity , with a cut in labor matters. The epistemological scientific orientation of the papper is the Ecology of Knowledge. For which it will combine resources from the French Discourse Analysis, from Bakhtin’s Marxist philosophy of language, to contributions from the Sociology of Law and the Sociology of Absences. Our research hypothesis is that such judicial decisions, permeated by the austerity discourse, are constituted as Exceptional Constitutionalism and produce the absence of labor rights. As well as the ontological degradation of its holders, the functional de-differentiation of Law and its ethical delegitimation. Such judicial decisions and the Constitutionalism of Exception are a symptom of a scenario of exception and post-democracy generated by neoliberalism. Documentary and bibliographic research techniques will be necessary.

Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Sugarcane Growers in Shahpura Block of Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh, India

The aim of the research, which took place in the Shahpura block in the Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh in the period 2015–16 was to examine the entrepreneurial practices of sugarcane farmers. 120 farmers who were chosen using proportionate random sampling from ten villages in the Shahpura block of the Jabalpur district were interviewed in order to get the data. According to the survey, a greater proportion of sugarcane growers (60.84%) exhibited medium levels of entrepreneurial behavior. Only age was found to have a non-significant relationship with the entrepreneurial behavior of sugarcane growers, while the other independent variables—education, size of land holding, area under sugarcane crop, material possession, social participation, annual income, information source utilization, extension contact, economic motivation, and scientific orientation—had positive and significant relationships with the entrepreneurial behavior of the growers.

رهانات الذكاء الاصطناعي والعملية الإبداعية في الفنون البصرية

AI applications were not limited to scientific questions, but were transformed into an information network applied in the visual arts, contributing in some way to the transition from the art support board to a data-driven visual world from the idea to the idea "Pixel" becoming a holistic creative art field, help the artist to follow the evolution and facilitate the artistic process, except in terms of knowledge or technical skills that the artist acquires through multiple experiences in his relationship with the past and present and looking to the future through the artist’s use of artificial intelligence in the artistic image that no longer awaits the eye of the artist, artistic experiences, scientific orientations and creative feelings. But this intelligence is impossible as an artist, thinking, collecting and extracting data in a result that is a simulation of a work of art. It is not a simple ordinary simulation of its constructive or colored composition but a synthesis of my information that produces an artistic image based on digital perception and robotics. Objectives: to determine the relationship of the artistic image with the concept of creativity, is the intelligent industrial image considered as a work of art orIs it based on creativity or is it just an intermediary between the machine and the work of art. Methods: The research program followed the analytical descriptive approach of the problems posed by the emerging controversial relationship between the concept of artificial intelligence and the image of art and the role of the artist in the developed innovative process, while describing the problem in question and collecting and analyzing the data surrounding it and extracting the results based on various proofs of the intellectual and aesthetic field of contemporary visual arts. Results: To highlight the role of AI technology in the development of the aesthetic and formative orientation of the artistic image. The study of the artist’s relationship with the art image through artificial intelligence and its place in this new digital field is the relationship of AI with the art image on the positive side and the negative side of its impact on the artist and the creative process. Define the limits of artificial intelligence in the production and creative value of the image, and guide creators in the fields of artistic image to highlight the role of artificial intelligence in the process of evolution in the visual arts. Conclusion: Study of the role of artificial intelligence technology in the development of the art image in contemporary art And that artificial intelligence in the arts considers the image or is a product based on artistic creativity and role of the artist in this huge surge of artificial technology that can eliminate his role and refer him to fringe and a practitioner and a simple technical rather than creative manufacturer in his field of research in contemporary methods of artistic creativity in art image.

Socio-economic and Psychological Characteristics of KVK Trainees and Non-trainees in Selected Districts of Jharkhand

This present study was conducted in Jharkhand, India, during 2021-2022, aimed to assess the socio-personal, and communication characteristics of trainee and non-trainee of Deoghar, Dumka, and Giridih districts of Jharkhand. The Data were collected from 200 trainee and 200 non-trainee respondents using stratified random sampling and analysed using appropriate statistical tests. The results indicate that the majority of farmers had limited education, with most living in semi-cemented or cemented houses. Marginal farmers were predominant in both groups, with low annual income levels. Trainee respondents exhibited higher levels of innovativeness and leadership ability compared to non-trainees, suggesting a positive impact of training programs. However, both groups showed a need for improvement in scientific orientation. The study underscores the importance of targeted interventions to improve education, infrastructure, and income levels among farmers in Jharkhand. Training programs should focus on enhancing not only technical skills but also innovativeness, leadership, and scientific orientation to enhance agricultural productivity and livelihoods in the region. The major sources of communication where radio ,television newspaper, magazine etc.

IMPLEMENTATION IN SСAS KIDYM OF SOFTWARE DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONS OF UNKNOWNS IN PROBLEMS OF MECHANICS BASED ON ENERGY RELATIONS

The paper presents the results of the study of an algorithm for processing measurement units of physical and geometric quantities in the problems of mechanics implemented in the specialized computer algebra system (SCAS) KiDyM. The KiDyM software complex is used for solving problems of mechanics of engineering and scientific orientation of any complexity. For the completeness of the initial data preparation process for such tasks, the use of measurement units in the initial and resulting data is essential. The output data of KiDyM tasks have a rather slow appearance due to their ana- lytical form. To provide assistance to the user, KiDyM programs have a special diagnostic block of output data. Therefore, the implementation of the dimensions used in KiDyM data pursues the additional goal of increasing the diagnostic capabilities of the system. Dimensional formulas are imple- mented here as ordinary analytical expressions, which enables the built-in computer algebra system to form expressions of data measurement units during their computer analytical transformations in the process of solving problems of dynamics, statics and kinematics. Thus, working out the meas- urement units in the SCAS KiDyM includes reading the values of the variables with the dimensions specified in formula form the initial data, diagnos- ing the correctness of dimensionising and compliance of the dimensions with the data, storing them in instances of the "variable" and "element" classes, calculating the dimensions according to data conversion formulas to obtain calculation results. The paper demonstrates how to efficiently es- tablish dimensions of geometrical and physical quantities using energy relations between coordinates and characteristics of elements of the mechanical model. For the demonstration of the logic of the implemented algorithm, simple compact examples from educational problems of kinematics, statics, and dynamics of flat and spatial systems are provided. The article shows how KiDyM constructs the necessary equations for solving tasks, and how units of measurement for equation components and their solutions can be obtained. Since dimensions are represented as formulas here, their simplifica- tion – reduction and substitution with derivative units – can be easily implemented. Moreover, since the variables involved in dimension formulas and the variables of the task itself, within KiDyM, are situated in different data spaces, they can have the same names without any confusion.

Profile Characteristics of Khasi Tribal Farmers Engaging in Collection and Management of Non-Timber Forest Products in Meghalaya, India

Tribal farmers belong to indigenous communities and engage in agricultural activities, agroforestry or even non-timber forest product harvesting as their primary livelihood. These farmers are part of ethnic groups with distinct traditions, languages and social structures. Therefore, studying the profile characteristics of these farmers is essential for understanding their unique socio-economic and cultural contexts. This study was conducted on 160 tribal farmers from East Khasi Hills and Ri Bhoi district of Meghalaya, primarily engaged in the collection and management of non-timber forest products. The research, utilized an ex post facto design. Findings revealed that most respondents were young or middle aged, with diverse educational backgrounds. Housing was mainly wooden or concrete with asbestos sheets. Material possession ranged from low to medium, and family sizes were typically medium to large, with nuclear families prevailing. Social and political participation varied, while income distribution skewed towards the low to medium range. Local and regional markets were preferred by over two-thirds of respondents. Livestock ownership, landholding sizes and indebtedness patterns demonstrated diversity. Engagement with mass media, cosmopoliteness, extension contact, participation and opinion leadership varied, with many falling into low to medium categories. Awareness of development schemes was significant, indicating a connection to broader societal initiatives. Tribal farmers displayed diverse levels of scientific orientation, risk and economic motivation, market orientation, and fatalistic attitudes. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, researchers and development practitioners, facilitating tailored interventions to address the unique needs and aspirations of this farming community.