Science Movement Research Articles

İSLAMIN AVROPADA ELMƏ XİDMƏTİ (QƏRBLİLƏRİN DİLİNDƏN)

According to the explicit admission of Western historians, Europe's scientific movement was inspired by the scientific movement of Muslims, and Europeans owe their scientific advancements to Islamic scholars! Based on the admissions of Western scholars, "When we consider the contributions of Muslims to Western culture, we see that science illuminated the West from the East!" Dr. Max Meyerhof states: "Muslim science was like the shining moon that illuminated the darkest nights of medieval Europe. As new sciences emerged, the moon faded in color, but it was that same moon that guided us through the dark nights to where we are now. We can say that its rays are still with us!" In the same book, we read: "In short, with the translation of Muslim scholars' books, Europe’s barren land was blessed with rainfall, making it fertile, and gradually Europeans became acquainted with Eastern sciences!" He writes: "Recent discoveries have shed new light on the ancient history of Islamic world sciences, but it must be admitted that these discoveries are still insufficient; the world will increasingly realize the significance of Islamic sciences in the future." Professor Gibb writes: "Looking back at the past, we see that the science and literature of the East acted like leavening for Western civilization, in such a way that the influence of Eastern spirit and thought illuminated the dark minds of people in past centuries in the West and led them to a broader world!" The famous Christian historian George Zaidan writes: "When Islamic civilization reached its full stage and foreign sciences were published in the lands of Islam, Muslims began to study them. A group of Islamic scholars, using their genius, surpassed the original owners of those sciences, adding new ideas and discoveries to them. Thus, the sciences and knowledge branched out, evolving and blending with Islamic culture and traditions, forming the shape of Islamic civilization." He writes: "From what we have said about the role of education in Islamic civilization, it is well understood that knowledge and science flourished in various directions among Muslims. Scholars, jurists, physicians, and philosophers brought forth their genius through this path."

From Quantum Holism to the Disunity of Science and Social Activism: The Cat-Feyerabend Correspondence

ABSTRACT This essay offers a discussion and contextualisation of a series of letters exchanged between Jordi Cat and Paul Feyerabend from 1989 to 1994. These letters provide insights into Feyerabend’s later thought on a variety of themes including quantum holism, the disunity of science, the development of logical empiricism, and science activism. In doing so, we provide some original analysis and exegesis of Feyerabend’s evolving views on scientific methodology and quantum mechanics by focusing on Feyerabend’s changing attitudes towards Bohm, Bohr, and his eventual colleague Hans Primas and his later sympathies with the algebraic approach. We also highlight Feyerabend’s role in the growth of the Disunity of Science movement and how he connected disunity to practical considerations in the philosophy of action.

Using the grounded theory to develop the theoretical model of Chinese school sports coaching competence

BackgroundSchool sports coaching is gaining recognition as a formal profession worldwide, highlighting its significant role in students’ holistic development. Given the complex social and cultural dimensions of the role, this study explores a coaching competence model tailored to the school context, emphasizing the need to consider both national and local frameworks to ensure effective implementation. In China, school sport coaches are responsible for both physical education teaching and sports training across all types of schools. Within the integration of sports and education, school sport coaches can expand their impact not only on student-athletes or athletes but also on general students in practice. Compared with physical education teachers’ perspectives, sports coaches’ competence development has rarely been studied. This study aims to develop a sustainable Chinese school sports coaching competence model.MethodsThe qualitative data were gathered mainly through semi-structured interviews. School sports coaches and related stakeholders (N = 22) were selected as participants using purposive sampling techniques. Grounded theory was employed to analyse the data via NVivo 11.0 software.ResultsThe school sports coaching competence model comprises three categories consisting of 15 sub-categories, 92 concepts, and 317 labels. These categories are as follows: (a) Perception of identity, encompassing role of the coach, reflection on students, and understanding of policies; (b) Code of ethics, which includes sports virtues, sports-humanistic spirit, and principles of movement science; (c) Coaching excellence, comprising lifestyle and fitness strength, local sports development, teacher-coach partnership, leadership in extracurricular activities, safety and injury protection, athlete selection and training, instruction and demonstration, coaching reflective practice, and athlete-coach rapport.ConclusionChinese school sport coaching competence model emphasizes the integration of sports and education for student development. It provides both local and national perspectives to enhance the professional development of school sports coaches’ community worldwide.

Science and Innovation Management: Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 9 as Challenges for Poland

This manuscript continues the series of research publications on Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 9 (SDGs 8 and 9). Innovations play an essential role in the global and national economies, as they contribute to the growth of economic productivity, the creation of new products, services, and jobs, and improve the quality of life. In the context of innovation, economy and artificial intelligence (AI) are the ideological and technological components of the innovation process. The authors hypothesized that the Polish system for assessing the importance of scientific economic journals is ineffective for social development and for creating an innovation-based economy. The research methods are a scientometric analysis of 795,070 scientific sources by the keywords “Economy” and “Artificial Intelligence”, a bibliometric analysis of 219,739 sources by the keywords “Economy”, “Economic productivity”, and “Innovation”, correlation analysis, and testing statistical hypotheses. The study led to the adoption of an alternative statistical hypothesis, which is a strong confirmation of the basic hypothesis. A new model for assessing the weight of scientific journals was created based on the existing system. Two management recommendations were formulated in the rules for determining the weight of journals. The high R2 value indicates that the new model effectively predicts the result. The correlation coefficient of the weight of journals in the new model is more than 98%. When verifying statistical hypotheses, a high significance level of 99.0 was used. The study’s practical significance is in the movement of Polish science to a leading place in the world market of scientific products.

A libraries reproducibility hackathon: connecting students to University research and testing the longevity of published code

Reproducibility is a basis of scientific integrity, yet it remains a significant challenge across disciplines in computational science. This reproducibility crisis is now being met with an Open Science movement, which has risen to prominence within the scientific community and academic libraries especially. To address the need for reproducible computational research and promote Open Science within the community, members of the Open Science and Data Collaborations Program at Carnegie Mellon University Libraries organized a single-day hackathon centered around reproducibility. Partnering with a faculty researcher in English and Digital Humanities, this event allowed several students an opportunity to interact with real research outputs, test the reproducibility of data analyses with code, and offer feedback for improvements. With Python code and data shared by the researcher in an open repository, we revealed that students could successfully reproduce most of the data visualizations, but they required completing some manual setup and modifications to address depreciated libraries to successfully rerun the code. During the event, we also investigated the option of using ChatGPT to debug and troubleshoot rerunning this code. By interacting with a ChatGPT API in the code, we found and addressed the same roadblocks and successfully reproduced the same figures as the participating students. Assessing a second option, we also collaborated with the researcher to publish a compute capsule in Code Ocean. This option presented an alternative to manual setup and modifications, an accessible option for more limited devices like tablets, and a simple solution for outside researchers to modify or build on existing research code.

Mapping of Petanque Sports Research Trends for the period 2011-2024: A Bibliometric Analysis in the Scopus Database

Objectives. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the trend of petanque sports from 2011 to 2024 in the Scopus database. The research focused on productivity assessment, publication type, journal ranking, frequency of publishing, number of citations, study area focus, keywords, and co-authorship. Materials and methods. This study was carried out using a bibliometric method. The research stages comprised (1) searching for articles using the Boolean “Petanque” AND “petanque in sport”, (2) inquiry with inclusion criteria of e-books, short reports, conferences, original articles, literature reviews in English, French, and Spanish from 2011 to 2024, (3) filtering 34 articles, (4) eliminating 19 articles, leaving 15 articles that were considered worthy, (5) re-filtering and producing the same number, namely 15 articles, and (6) deciding 15 final data articles. Data collection and analysis techniques used were Mendeley, VOSviewer, and Excel. Results. In terms of productivity, 3 (20.00 %) documents were identified from 2011, 2021, and 2024; the most common type of document was original articles, with a total of 13 (86.67 %); the most journal rankings were in quartile 3 and 4 (30.00 %); the journals most frequently publishing research on petanque included the Journal of Physical Education and Sport, Ethnologie Francaise, Concurrences, and the International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, and Retos, each of which had 2 (13,00 %) documents; while the largest number of citations was from Pelana et al, with 26 citations. The majority of studies focused on physical, technical, and biomechanical aspects. The most commonly appearing keywords included performance, athlete, performance characteristic, sport, optimum group performance, and psychological training plan. Regarding collaboration, 14 researchers were found to be cooperating on the same research topic. Conclusions. Petanque sports studies still require better research productivity and innovation to improve information and knowledge.

Identifying Tools and Techniques for Picking out Cultural Bottlenecks: Another Crucial Component of the Symbiotic Approach to Socio-Cultural Change

This paper is built upon our earlier papers on the symbiotic approach to sociocultural change, and extends them meaningfully in new directions. This is done by proposing different types of tools and techniques that can be used in identifying cultural bottlenecks, and can therefore be used to usher in, or bring about a faster pace of sociocultural change. We therefore, aptly and appropriately begin this paper by carrying out a brief overview of our earlier papers on sociocultural change, and by briefly laying down their various concepts and postulates. Subsequently, and resultantly, various tools and techniques for identifying and overcoming cultural bottlenecks are also proposed. These include an alignment with a cultural taxonomy, a comparative method to compare cultures, a high low analysis of values, a root cause analysis of cultural performance, analysis of cultural orientations, an evaluation of cultural performance by laying down metric and measurements and analyzing the pace of sociocultural change, etc. We also briefly discuss ethnographic techniques that can be used to evaluate cultures, including long-term ethnography and the ethnography of enculturation. Likewise, social science research methods, and components of research design are reviewed, besides some other approaches to identifying and analyzing cultural bottlenecks. We hope and anticipate that this paper will become a useful cog in the machine to bring about faster sociocultural change, and will become an intrinsic part of our globalization of science movement as well.

Какая гендерная теория нужна российской социальной психологии

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective</strong>. The article problematizes the theoretical field of gender studies and the concept of “gender”, which are currently vulnerable in the socio-political context. The aim of the article is to determine the range of theories of Russian psychologists capable of solving topical issues in the field of gender social psychology outside of a politically conflicting discourse. <br><strong>Background</strong>. According to political theory, psychological knowledge can become a guide for political practice, this area of political science is called biopolitics. The constructivist theoretical field of gender studies belongs to the field of biopolitics; in Western gender theory, the deconstruction of gender is allowed not only as a social phenomenon, but also as a change in biological sex. Moreover, the possibility of deconstructing gender and sex is currently determined by political practice, not by psychological or psychiatric indications. The use of Western gender theory and the concept of “gender” in political conflicts pushes Russian social psychology to search for a theory based on the concepts of Russian psychologists focused on the analysis of the socio-psychological reality of gender relations. <br><strong>Results</strong>. The article emphasizes the impossibility of the reverse movement of science and the choice of the gender-role approach as outdated, not responding to the needs of modernity. Three theories are called productive and adequate to modern problems: the cultural-historical theory of L.S. Vygotsky, the subject-activity approach of S.L. Rubinstein, the theory of relations by V.N. Myasishchev. The concept of gender relations by I.S. Kletsina, one of the most popular modern concepts of gender in Russian psychology. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. Gender psychology is a new branch of social psychology, which turned out to be vulnerable to political initiatives in a period of socio-political instability. The search for new theoretical constructs and the educational activity of psychologists in the biopolitical field will help gender psychology overcome the crisis period.</p>

Building Upon “Foundationalism” to Achieve the Objectives of Contemporary Science: How this can Lead to Faster Scientific Progress and Inclusive Science

This paper is one of our most important ones in the core philosophy of science, and one that we expect to stand science in extremely good stead as well. We believe this can move the needle and push the envelope as well, and lead us to what we have always called “scientific progress at the speed of light”. We naturally commence this paper by tracing the history of the term “foundationalism” itself, right from the time of the Ancient Greeks, renaissance and enlightenment thinkers, and finally to the modern and contemporary ones. Types of foundationalism such as strong and weak foundationalism, modest foundationalism, and then finally anti-foundationalism, internalism and externalism are also discussed and dissected threadbare along with allied and related concepts such as circular logic and reasoning, regress and infinite regress, all of which form a part of epistemology. The core concepts forming a part of this paper such as forward linkages, backward linkages, and traceability matrices are also discussed. We follow this up with the core principles of this paper, and discuss the ideal and recommended direction of research, including the ideal nature of research, primary research, secondary research, basic and applied research, and cross-cultural collaboration including vertical and horizontal collaboration as well. This paper is also much more importantly linked to our papers on sociocultural change, pedagogy, scientific methods, and other papers in the social sciences for maximum impact and efficacy. It is therefore an important part and parcel of our globalization of science movement, and one that will help realize our overall goals and mission greatly.

Open Science roles for libraries

Purpose: To give a review of the significance of Open Science for libraries in the context of the wider Open movement, with international perspectives and examples from national, academic, and public libraries. Methodology/approach: A qualitative synthesis of recent literature and web materials is presented. Results: Particular consideration is given to the need for open library infrastructures, support for Citizen Science, Open Science communication, and libraries as demonstrators of open technologies. It is suggested that libraries are well placed to support and promote the Open movement, but that practical issues of policy and resources, as well as philosophical aspects of Open movement, must be considered. Research limitations: The literature review is selective rather than comprehensive, and most material comes from Europe and North America. Originality/practical implications: The review should help librarians find a realistic appreciation of the opportunities offered by the Open Science movement.

Data on librarians' perceptions of participation in a citizen science project in a network of public libraries

Citizen Science (CS) is an approach to scientific work and part of the Open Science movement. This study aims to analyse the perception of the librarians about their participation in the aBEIRAr project, which is a CS partnership for the valorisation of the territory developed in the Intermunicipal Network of Libraries of Beiras and Serra da Estrela (RIBBSE) in Portugal. The methodology comprised a literature review, and the case study includes an interview and a survey. Of the results obtained, the following stand out: the libraries are the driving forces behind the aBEIRAr project; they choose the themes, organise and dynamize the activities in their local communities, and establish various partnerships with the mediation of the project's scientific coordination; the level of satisfaction of the librarians in this project is very satisfactory; in the libraries, after carrying out the aBEIRAr project, the number of participants in other face-to-face activities and the interaction on their social network profiles increased; librarians consider that CS can bring to public libraries and their users participative scientific knowledge. The data provides valuable insights into the possibilities and challenges associated with executing CS projects in collaboration with public libraries. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion about the role of libraries as essential community centers.

Referee quality and article citations: a case study of a finance journal

ABSTRACT As a result of the open science movement, we take advantage of one of the few journals in business studies, the Journal of Financial Economics (JFE), which between 2009 and 2021 named some of their referees. This allows us to produce a novel hand-collected data set to explore the extent to which referee quality matters in identifying articles that will receive strong future citations. We find that prominent academics are more likely to identify articles that will exhibit a high number of citations. This relationship is most pronounced among referees who are in a relatively mature stage in their careers. These results indicate that high-quality researchers, especially those in a relatively mature stage, are more likely to identify the potential of an article. To maximize future citations, editors thus need to consider the research publication record of the referees when making their selections. Overall, we provide insights which are of interest and relevance across higher education research.

Fixing science means an end to gaming the system.

During the last decade, there has been a substantial acceleration in the open science movement. Most people would probably hope to have seen signs of positive change in that time, yet it seems that the process of improving the practice of science is moving at a glacial pace.

Cervical Sensorimotor Function Tests Using a VR Headset-An Evaluation of Concurrent Validity.

Sensorimotor disturbances such as disturbed cervical joint position sense (JPS) and reduced reaction time and velocity in fast cervical movements have been demonstrated in people with neck pain. While these sensorimotor functions have been assessed mainly in movement science laboratories, new sensor technology enables objective assessments in the clinic. The aim was to investigate concurrent validity of a VR-based JPS test and a new cervical reaction acuity (CRA) test. Twenty participants, thirteen asymptomatic and seven with neck pain, participated in this cross-sectional study. The JPS test, including outcome measures of absolute error (AE), constant error (CE), and variable error (VE), and the CRA test, including outcome measures of reaction time and maximum velocity, were performed using a VR headset and compared to a gold standard optical motion capture system. The mean bias (assessed with the Bland-Altman method) between VR and the gold standard system ranged from 0.0° to 2.4° for the JPS test variables. For the CRA test, reaction times demonstrated a mean bias of -19.9 milliseconds (ms), and maximum velocity a mean bias of -6.5 degrees per seconds (°/s). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between VR and gold standard were good to excellent (ICC 0.835-0.998) for the JPS test, and excellent (ICC 0.931-0.954) for reaction time and maximum velocity for the CRA test. The results show acceptable concurrent validity for the VR technology for assessment of JPS and CRA. A slightly larger bias was observed in JPS left rotation which should be considered in future research.

The opportunities and limits of open science for LGBTIQ+ research

AbstractThe open science (OS) movement has the potential to fundamentally shape how researchers conduct research and distribute findings. However, the implications for research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex, and queer/questioning (LGBTIQ+) experiences present unique considerations. In this paper, included in the special issue on Reimagining LGBTIQ+ Research, we explore how the OS movement broadens access to and comprehension of LGBTIQ+ experiences while simultaneously imposing limitations on the representation of these identities and raising concerns about risks to LGBTIQ+ researchers and participants. Our research focuses on three facets of the OS movement. First, we examine practices related to open data, which advocates that data should be accessible to other researchers to analyze. Yet, providing access to such data challenges may compromise trust between the research team and study participants. Second, we examine practices related to open replicable research, particularly as it has the potential to both highlight and erase the experiences of groups within the LGBTIQ+ community. Finally, we consider how open access, making scholarly articles free to the public, may help educate a broader audience on the lived experiences of LGBTIQ+ people, but in regions where these identities remain heavily stigmatized and/or criminalized, access may be blocked or individuals could be penalized for retrieving this information.

Research artifacts for human-oriented experiments in software engineering: An ACM badges-driven structure proposal

Context:The Open Science (OS) movement promotes the value of making public the research artifacts (datasets, analysis scripts, guidelines, etc.) used during empirical studies. OS is widely known in areas such as Medicine or Biology, where the process of sharing research artifacts is subject to strict protocols. Unfortunately, in Software Engineering (SE), this process is carried out in a non-systematic way, resulting in incomplete or inaccurate material shared by researchers, which hinders the reproducibility and replicability of empirical studies. Nevertheless, in recent years, it seems that the Empirical Software Engineering (ESE) community is embracing some of the proposed OS initiatives, such as the one proposed by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), which provides a badge system to evaluate the quality of a research artifact. This badge system has been adopted by several SE conferences as a method of assessing research artifacts. Aims:Focusing on human-oriented experiments (HOEs) in SE, whose research artifacts are more complex than those for computational experiments, this work applies Design Science Research (DSR) with a twofold purpose: (i) review the current status of HOEs research artifacts publication through evaluation of this practice in the most relevant ESE journals , and (ii) propose a structured outline for HOEs research artifacts driven by the aforementioned ACM badging policy. Method:Regarding the first purpose, we carried out a survey to analyze the current status of the publication of research artifacts considering relevant peer review journals and the quality of 106 research artifacts published in these journals with respect to the ACM badging policy. For the second purpose, an iterative process was carried out to review the content of 106 research artifacts research and their concordance with ACM badges, obtaining a structured scheme for HOEs research artifacts that has been validated through a detailed review of 12 research artifacts obtained from some of those of ACM badges in relevant SE conferences. In addition, we validated the proposal in the research artifacts of 2 of our own experiments. Results:Our survey reveals issues such as the 39,70% of journal studies making completely accessible their research artifacts; most of the analyzed research artifacts are incomplete; the most common repositories used in the ESE community to share the research artifacts are GitHub, institutional repositories, and Zenodo. On the other hand, the validated and structured research artifact outline consists of a list of ordered sections containing a set of artifacts, which can be mandatory or not to achieve a particular ACM badge. For its internal validation, several improvement iterations on the first release of the outline have been carried out based on the conference guidelines, the ACM badging policy, and other relevant proposals. Conclusions:Although the ESE community is making great efforts in standardization, review, and digital publishing related to OS, the availability and completeness of research artifacts can be improved. Our proposal for the elaboration of structured research artifact outline meets the requirements of HOEs in SE. Nevertheless, further research is needed not only to improve and externally validate it but also to disseminate its use among the research community.

Sharing, collaborating, and building trust: How Open Science advances language testing

The Open Science movement is taking hold around the world, and language testers are taking part. In this Viewpoint, I discuss how sharing, collaborating, and building trust, guided by Open Science principles, benefit the language testing field. To help more language testers join in, I present a standard definition of Open Science and describe four ways language testing researchers can immediately partake. Overall, I share my views on how Open Science is an accelerating process that improves language testing as a scientific and humanistic field.

Integrative insights into PNI: Low-grade chronic inflammation, skeletal muscle wasting, and brain impairments

Skeletal muscle has been recognized as an endocrine organ which communicates with different systems, including the brain. In conditions involving systemic low-grade chronic inflammation, the skeletal muscle can be negatively impacted, culminating in its quantity (mass) and quality (function) losses, referred to here as muscle wasting. The inflammatory milieu, as well known, also impairs the brain function, however there are some particularities involving skeletal muscle-brain crosstalk, including cognitive function and mental health impairments. Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is an important field of neuroendocrine-immune-behavior science and an approach between PNI, and the movement science, or kinesiology, field can enrich future research about the relationship between skeletal muscle wasting and brain health. Thus, in this short review, we present an overview about the interplay between skeletal muscle, inflammatory mediator markers, and brain function with the purpose to strengthen the ties between kinesiology and PNI research to enhance futures discoveries and advances in health sciences.

Integrating open education practices with data analysis of open science in an undergraduate course.

The open science movement produces vast quantities of openly published data connected to journal articles, creating an enormous resource for educators to engage students in current topics and analyses. However, educators face challenges using these materials to meet course objectives. I present a case study using open science (published articles and corresponding datasets) and open educational practices in a capstone course. While engaging in current topics of conservation, students trace connections in the research process, learn statistical analyses, and recreate analyses using the programming language R. I assessed the presence of best practices in open articles and datasets, examined student selection in the open grading policy, surveyed students on their perceived learning gains, and conducted a thematic analysis on student reflections. First, articles and datasets met just over half of the assessed fairness practices, which increased with the publication date. There was a marginal difference in how assessment categories were weighted by students, with reflections highlighting appreciation for student agency. In course content, students reported the greatest learning gains in describing variables, while collaborative activities (e.g., interacting with peers and instructor) were the most effective support. The most effective tasks to facilitate these learning gains included coding exercises and team-led assignments. Autocoding of student reflections identified 16 themes, and positive sentiments were written nearly 4x more often than negative sentiments. Students positively reflected on their growth in statistical analyses, and negative sentiments focused on how limited prior experience with statistics and coding made them feel nervous. As a group, we encountered several challenges and opportunities in using open science materials. I present key recommendations, based on student experiences, for scientists to consider when publishing open data to provide additional educational benefits to the open science community.

Temperaments as Basic Bias.

In this work, we argue that the lack of a solid theoretical basis and the absence of an integrative movement in psychological science within evolutionary perspectives has meant that the various attempts to explain and define the phenomenon of "temperaments" offer notions that are either too broad or simply imprecise and, as a result, they failed to reach a high level of consensus among researchers in this science. In this regard, we understand that the evolutionary theory proposed by Osmo (Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 57:205-234, 2023) is promising for reaching such a consensus. Thus, the objective of this article is, from this theory, to offer a better understanding of the phenomenon of "temperaments", and, based on it, to develop a precise and parsimonious definition of this term.