Scientific Medical Publication Research Articles

Polymorphism of the TLR3 gene in Predisposition to Chronic Viral Hepatitis B and C in the population of Turkic-speaking peoples

Background: Over the past four years, more than 19000 cases of viral hepatitis B have been registered in Kazakhstan. Mortality from liver cirrhosis as a result of chronic hepatitis B and C ranks first among gastroenterological diseases in the Republic. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an effector of innate immune responses and plays a key role in the body's antiviral defense. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the latest scientific data regarding TLR3 polymorphism variants in Turkic-speaking countries and their influence on the predisposition and course of chronic hepatitis B and C. Materials and Methods: To achieve the goal, relevant papers over the past 5 years in scientific medical publications on academic search platforms were selected and processed. Results: The paper analyzes variants of TLR3 polymorphisms in terms of their involvement and predisposition to the development of viral hepatitis among Turkic-speaking peoples. It has been established that the Phe/Leu substitution is associated with a decrease in the activity of adaptive immunity reactions and hyperproduction of interleukins; TLR3 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the rs5743305 (T/A) and rs3775291 species among Turkic-speaking peoples do not affect the nature of progressed viral hepatitis B and C. The rs13126816 variant is associated with a predisposition to infection and the active course of the chronic form of hepatitis C. The G-allele rs13126816 TLR3 is associated with a high probability spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C. The TLR3 single nucleotide polymorphism rs3775291 may be associated with pathological immune responses during the primary development of viral hepatitis B. Conclusion: Thus, the study of the presence of TLR3 polymorphisms in patients of Turkic-speaking countries with viral hepatitis B and C, or in groups of patients with an increased risk of infection, affects the understanding peculiarities of antiviral protection in mutation carriers, the intensity of innate immunity reactions, as well as enables predicting the nature of the course of a chronic process and the risk of developing terminal complications.

Issues of Organization of the Cardiac Surgical Care in Ukraine under Martial Law

The aim. To study and substantiate the new principles of organization in the provision of cardiac surgical care under martial law.
 Materials and methods. The article presents an analytical review using reference databases of scientific medical publications and analysis of our own database of cardiac surgical care for the period from 2014 to July 2023. The group of patients consisted of 501 male subjects. The age of the study participants varied from 21 to 58 years (mean age 41.5 ± 2.2 years). The analysis of monitoring results included the most common diseases of the circulatory system, combat injuries of the heart and main vessels.
 Results. The article pays attention to the current challenges that have arisen before organization of the system of providing cardiac surgical care under martial law. It is emphasized that the area of cardiac surgical assistance to military personnel is being developed at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the NAMS of Ukraine since 2014, when the Anti-Terrorist Operation / Joint Forces Operation began. In cooperation with military doctors, new methods of treatment of patients with gunshot and mine-explosive wounds are being developed and implemented. It was established that among patients with cardiovascular pathology, combat injuries of the heart and main vessels make up 7.9%, which coincides with the frequency of combat injuries of the chest given in literary sources. Moreover, the length of hospital stay of patients with combat injuries of the heart and main vessels does not exceed the number of bed days during surgical treatment of the most common diseases of the circulatory system. It was also established that some of the injured patients had concomitant pathologies that required, in addition to cardiac surgical care, medical care of other specialists: a surgeon, a neurosurgeon, an orthopedic traumatologist, an otolaryngologist, a psychologist, etc.
 Conclusions. It has been established that organization of the system of providing cardiac surgical care under martial law is primarily designed to ensure: optimization of resources by strengthening the personnel reserve; cooperation with specialists of other specialties, medical institutions of various subordinates and international partners; changing patient routes taking into account, first of all, their safety; expanding narrow specialization of medical institutions by creating multidisciplinary teams.

Visualization and Analysis of the Data Mining Domain of Scientific Medical Publications in the Web of Science Database Using Co-word Analysis

Background: The present study aims at visualizing and analyzing the scientific productions of data mining in medical sciences in the Web of Science (WoS) database to identify knowledge structure in this field. Methods: The present study was carried out using co-word analysis, which is a scientometrics method. Also, the analysis of the WoS approach was used for the visualization and analysis of word co-occurrence networks in the data mining domain. The research population consisted of 14,430 records related to data mining published in WoS from 2008 to 2016. The data were analyzed after retrieval using VoSviewer scientometric software. Results: The research findings showed that the average annual growth rate of scientific productions in the data mining field had an upward trend and reached its peak in 2016. The findings also showed that the USA was the most productive country, with 8123 degrees, claiming the first rank by 27.4% of the total scientific production, and Iran was in the 13th rank with 678 degrees. Among universities and institutions, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (692 degrees), the University of California (621 degrees), and the National Center for Scientific Research (CNSR) (514 degrees) were ranked first to third globally. Among Iranian institutions and universities, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran University, and Iran University of Technological Sciences were ranked 41st, 94th, and 200th in the world with 140, 105, and 66 degrees, respectively. The results of the current research also showed that the field of data mining was formed based on four vocabulary clusters with 108, 82, 73, and 42 words, respectively. Conclusions: The recognition of Iran as a successful country in the field of data mining should encourage researchers from other countries to communicate with Iranian scientists.

ВІЙНА ТА НАУКА В УКРАЇНІ: МИ МОЖЕМО ПОСПРИЯТИ ПЕРЕМОЗІ

We are happy to present a new issue of the Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Medical Sciences, No. 1, 2022. First of all, we are grateful to the Armed Forces of Ukraine for this possibility, as today is the 100th day of the heroic resistance of Ukrainians in the criminal Russian war. We are proud of our defenders who are fighting the biggest threat to humanity in the 21st century. 12 million Ukrainians have been forced to leave their homes, 1,123 educational institutions have been destroyed, and 641 healthcare facilities are no longer functioning, while the number of civil casualties cannot be identified due to the brutality and hostilities of the villains. The number of murdered and deported Ukrainians is impossible to determine. However, the entire world knows about the bravery of Ukrainians, about Mariupol and Azovstal – two symbols of steel resilience and invincibility of the morale of the Ukrainian people in the fight for the independence of its Motherland and resistance to rascism. In the article, Ya. Shuba provides a detailed explanation of the meaning of this term and its similarity to fascism [1]. Today, more than ever, we need a victory in the information and psychological war, waged by the enemy. Therefore, science and art (Fig. 1) are two leading tools in our fight for independence, which are also sensitive indicators of events in real-time not just in Ukraine, but across the globe, too. Be sure to read Y. Yaskiv’s address to the world academic community [2]. Coping with the challenges and hardship of the contemporary times and remembering the bitter experience of World War II, the primary task of the progressive global community is to maintain the functioning of Ukrainian scientific medical publications, publishing houses, and academic communities. Ensuring the possibility to conduct scientific research for our scientists in the laboratories of partner institutions and fellow scientists, will enhance the international presence of Ukrainian science. Such international publications will help successfully boost the readability and quotability of articles prepared by Ukrainian scientists and scientists of Ukrainian origin, as well as represent Ukraine in global science with dignity. Publications by Pishel V. et al. and Kukhlevskyy S. et al. are examples of fruitful cooperation encouraging further development of the international status of Ukrainian science [3, 4]. The success of the consolidation of Ukrainian science in the international arena is related to the need for changes in science management. Science warrants progress. Therefore, the science generating progress, ideas and products at the international level, should be supported. The science to be supported must not be determined by titles, positions and connections, but by actual international achievements. Diversification of funding tools, more freedom in the management of scientific works, and, certainly, personal responsibility of the scientist or supervisor for the results of their work, are those few mechanisms that have proved their efficiency. The internationalization of Ukrainian science also plays a positive role, as it will require the establishment of such quality assurance methods. The attention to the principles of academic integrity, elimination of the practice of predatory journals and predatory conferences hunting for new pray every day to implement their financial scams, will help create a healthy scientific environment contributing to progress and enhanced professional skills of young scientists and specialists. It is important to retain the organization of scientific and practical conferences by professional Ukrainian institutions that have many years of experience, are popular and constitute a required precondition for support from the real scientific society in Ukraine. They include Christmas readings in Lviv and conferences dedicated to the issues of scientific writing, reviewing and proof-reading articles prepared with support from the Shevchenko Scientific Society. We welcome you to review a detailed report about them prepared by Zubchenko S. et al. and U. Telishevska, O. Telishevska, and watch recordings of participants’ lectures on the YouTube channels [5, 6]. We do hope that planned conferences, like BeckFest 2022, but postponed due to the war-time will realized soon. We sincerely believe that readers will find articles devoted to medical issues of the coronavirus disease interesting [7-10] and they will help them understand its possible social and psychological consequences [11-12]. We believe that the active editorial policy of the Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Medical Sciences, which has been indexed by the Scopus scientometric bibliographic database since 2021, has a positive trend for entering the contemporary international arena and will help bring our Victory closer (Fig. 2). Our belief in the Victory is reflected on the cover of our journal (collage by Ivan Dzis) – Glory to Ukraine! We will overcome all enemies: From plagues to people! Together to Victory!

CONTROVERSIAL LEGAL BASIS FOR FORMING IN FUTURE MEDICAL INDUSTRY SPECIALISTS THE IDEAOFPATIENTS’ RIGHTS PROTECTION WHEN CARRYING OUT MEDICAL RESEARCH

A number of scientific medical publications on the legal support of the medical field is analyzed. The historical aspect of treatment and protection of patients' rights from Antiquity to the present is characterized. The use of experiments by modern theorists and practitioners of medical discoveries, in particular regarding the treatment of diseases, prevention of risks of their spread or complications is substantiated. The author of the article presents and analyzes a number of legal documents, acts of different levels and legal nature, which protect the rights ofa patient during medical research. The groups of rights and responsibilities of patients during participation in medical researches according to their main purpose are defined. The article analyzes the draft law "On Protection of Patients' Rights" by Yu. Karakaiev, which emphasizes the values of medical ethics and identifies mechanisms for the implementation of constitutional rights of citizens to health care and medical care. Article 9 of the Law ‘On the Protection of Patients' Rights’ states "the patient's right to freedom of choice", so every patient has the right to make an informed choice during treatment, as their rights are governed by both mandatory acts and recommendations. The key responsibilities of medical practitioners have been identified, including health and safety of life, privacy and confidentiality. The author draws attention to the need to adhere to the concept of informed patient consent to participate in the study.It was found out that for future specialists in medical field the formation of the idea of protecting the rights of patients during medical research should be based on generally accepted principles, moral and ethical values. The principles of medical care oblige future medical professionals to act for the benefit of their patients, not to cause harm, to prescribe treatment, to ensure that professional activities meet modern standards. Future specialists in the medical field must adhere to the main goal of professional medical activity in order to protect the rights and interests of patients and other professionals in the field. It is determined that human rights are a priority for human development. The scientist proves that although a large number of legal documents have been created regarding the protection of patients' rights, the issue of human health remains and will be relevant in the future.

Cardiotoxic effects induced by the use of antimetabolites in the chemotherapy of oncological diseases

In modern medical practice, the treatment of cancer is one of the most pressing issues. Many of the drugs used in the treatment of cancer have a toxic effect on the cardiovascular system of patients. The main clinical manifestations of cardiotoxicity are ischemic heart damage, rhythm disturbances, thrombosis, angina, asymptomatic changes in the electrocardiogram, and others. Side effects can develop both during the treatment period and months after the end of the course of chemotherapy. This is especially important for patients with concomitant cardiac or vascular pathology, since the severity of developing side effects can lead to disability or death of cancer survivors. The article discusses the data on the frequency of detection of the negative effect of pyrimidine, purine and folic acid antagonists on the cardiovascular system of cancer patients, the mechanisms of cardiotoxic effects of drugs in such patients, the possibilities of preventing heart damage and correcting for already developed lesions. The aim of this work is to collect, compare and systematize the available disparate data on the cardiotoxic effects of antitumor drugs of the antimetabolite group. An important condition for saving and preserving the quality of life of cancer patients is the identification of cardiovascular pathologies at the stage of preparation for chemotherapy, which can be facilitated by the active cooperation of oncologists and cardiologists. The search for information was carried out on the bases of scientific medical publications (eLibrary.ru, PubMed) taking into account the clinical recommendations for the treatment of malignant neoplasms.

Towards Good Statistical Practice. CORSTAN Validated Questionnaire for Assessing the Correctness of Statistical Analysis in Medical Research.

In evidence-based medicine, the research methodology is determined by the risks of systematic biases and incorrect data analysis. Minimizing both risks increases the internal validity of the study. There are numerous recommendations and guidelines for data analysis and reporting, but the international community has not yet developed a questionnaire for reviewers to assess the quality of statistical analysis. To develop a tool for formalized assessment of the quality of statistical analysis presented in scientific medical publications. The questionnaire was developed based on the authors' decades of experience in statistical data analysis and reviewing the statistical aspects of biomedical articles and dissertations. The SAMPL guidelines, ICH E9, and other guidelines were taken into account when developing the questionnaire. Internal validation of the questionnaire was based on an independent assessment by two experts of 20 randomly selected articles on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from elibrary.ru, and further statistical analysis of the agreement of experts' conclusions. The CORSTAN (CORrect STatistical ANalysis) questionnaire was developed, which consists of two parts: the first part (10 questions) is intended for evaluating studies of any designs, while the second (following eight questions) is for additional assessment of RCTs. A stratification of the risk of incorrect statistical analysis is proposed. The evaluation of the questionnaire's internal validity showed its substantial and almost perfect agreement for each question and each article both in the sum of points and risk level. The use of the questionnaire will simplify and harmonize the statistical review of publications and manuscripts in various institutions - scientific journals, dissertation boards, etc. The questionnaire can also be helpful for authors during preparing manuscripts; it will also help improve the quality of publications and research itself. We plan to improve the questionnaire as we gain experience in its application.

Indonesian Authors in Geneeskundige Tijdschrift voor Nederlands Indie as Constructors of Medical Science

Access to the publication Geneeskundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië (GTNI), a Dutch Indies medical journal, was limited to European doctors. Although Stovia (School ter Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen) was established to produce indigenous (Bumiputra) doctors, its students and graduates were not given access to GTNI. In response, educators at Stovia founded the Tijdschrift Voor Inlandsche Geneeskundigen (TVIG) as a special journal for indigenous doctors. Due to limited funds, TVIG – the only scientific medical publication for indigenous doctors – ceased publication in 1922. The physicians formed Vereeniging van Inlandsche Geneeskundigen (VIG) an association for pribumi (native) doctors to express various demands for equal rights, one of which was the right to access GTNI. The protests and demands of the bumiputra doctors resulted not only in being granted reading access rights but also being able to become writers for GTNI. Bumiputra doctors who contributed to GTNI included Bahder Djohan and Johannes Leimena. However, they were not the only authors who contributed to GTNI during the Dutch East Indies era. After Indonesia became independent, both doctors played major roles in laying the foundation for Indonesia’s health education system and implementing village-based health policies. This article is part of a research project on Indonesia’s health history using the archives of the GTNI, TVIG and books written by doctors who contributed to GTNI which were published from the early twentieth century onwards. This paper reconstructs the role of GTNI writers in building Indonesian health knowledge.

The use of computer‐aided design/ computer‐aided manufacturing technologies in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy

AbstractPurposeTo study the advantages of using Computer‐Aided Design (CAD)/Computer‐Aided Manufacturing (CAM) technologies in the treatment of Graves Orbitopathy (GO).MethodsResearch analysis of contemporary scientific medical publications on the subject, The 2018 European Group on Graves ‘Orbitopathy Guidelines for the Management of Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO), Philips Diamond Select Brilliance CT64, software environment Sim Plant 13.02 and Geomagic Freeform Plus.ResultsGraves Orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease that results in dysteroid optic neuropathy (DON) in 3–5% of patients and progressive vision loss. According to the recommendations of EUGOGO 2018, orbital decompression is performed at the first stage of surgical treatment as scheduled with moderate inactive GO or immediately in patients with DON and/or rupture of the cornea with the involvement of a multidisciplinary team of radiodiagnosis, endocrinologist, ophthalmologist and maxillofacial surgeon. To increase the volume of bone orbit, surgeons extend the medial, lateral walls of the orbit, or the floor of the orbit, and remove a certain amount of infraorbital fat, but the only correct approach to date has not been determined (EUGOGO 2016). Given the need for an individual approach to the patient, the use of CAD/CAM technology to obtain three‐dimensional models of the skull expands the ability to study the features of the anatomy of the walls of the orbit, its volume, planning of surgery.ConclusionsThe result of a carefully planned orbit decompression using CAD/CAM technology is not only the reduction of intraocular pressure and exophthalmos for optimal treatment, but also the reduction of intraoperative complications (traumatization of the neurovascular bundles, muscles, etc.), shortening the duration of surgery.

Using Nonexpert Online Reports to Enhance Expert Knowledge About Causes of Death in Dental Offices Reported in Scientific Publications: Qualitative and Quantitative Content Analysis and Search Engine Analysis.

BackgroundFatalities rarely occur in dental offices. Implications for clinicians may be deduced from scientific publications and internet reports about deaths in dental offices.ObjectiveData involving deaths in dental facilities were analyzed using Google as well as the PubMed database. By comparing both sources, we examined how internet data may enhance knowledge about deaths in dental offices obtained from scientific medical publications, which causes of death are published online, and how associated life-threatening emergencies may be prevented.MethodsTo retrieve relevant information, we searched Google for country-specific incidents of death in dental practices using the following keywords: “death at the dentist,” “death in dental practice,” and “dying at the dentist.” For PubMed searches, the following keywords were used: “dentistry and mortality,” “death and dental treatment,” “dentistry and fatal outcome,” and “death and dentistry.” Deaths associated with dental treatment in a dental facility, attributable causes of death, and documented ages of the deceased were included in our analysis. Deaths occurring in maxillofacial surgery or pre-existing diseases involved in the death (eg, cancer and abscesses) were excluded. A total of 128 cases from online publications and 71 cases from PubMed publications that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using chi-square statistics after exclusion of duplicates.ResultsThe comparison between the fatalities from internet (n=117) and PubMed (n=71) publications revealed that more casualties affecting minors appeared online than in PubMed literature (online 68/117, 58.1%; PubMed 20/71, 28%; P<.001). In PubMed articles, 10 fatalities in patients older than 70 years of age were described, while online sources published 5 fatalities (P=.02). Most deaths, both from internet publications and PubMed literature, could be assigned to the category anesthesia, medication, or sedation (online 80/117, 68.4%; PubMed 25/71, 35%; P<.001). Deaths assigned to the categories infection and cardiovascular system appeared more often in the PubMed literature (infection: online 10/117, 8.5%; PubMed 15/71, 21%; P=.01; cardiovascular system: online 5/117, 4.3%; PubMed 15/71, 21%; P<.001). Furthermore, sedative drugs were involved in a larger proportion of fatal incidents listed online compared to in PubMed (online 41/117, 35.0%; PubMed: 14/71, 20%, P=.03). In the United States, more deaths occurred under sedation (44/96, 46%) compared to those in the other countries (Germany and Austria 1/17, 6%, P=.002; United Kingdom 1/14, 7%, P=.006).ConclusionsOnline and PubMed databases may increase awareness of life-threatening risks for patients during dental treatment. Negative aspects of anesthesia and sedation, as well as the number of deaths of young patients, were underestimated when reviewing PubMed literature only. Medical history of patients, medication dosages, and vital function monitoring are significant issues for practitioners. A high-impact finding from online reports was the underestimation of risks when performing sedation and even general anesthesia. Detailed knowledge of the definition and understanding of deep sedation and general anesthesia by dentists is of major concern. By avoiding potentially hazardous procedures, such as sedation-aided treatments performed solely by dentists, the risk of treatment-induced life-threatening emergencies may be reduced.

Current state and prospects of cell engineering, additive manufacturing and tissue engineering in military medicine

The article briefly describes the current state and prospects of cell engineering, additive manufacturing and tissue engineering in military medicine on the basis of analysis of domestic (РИНЦ) and foreign (Medline) scientific medical publications 2017-2018 . It has been found 14 relevant publications on the topic in Medline. Their analysis revealed the following. The researches abroad give much attention to the topic. Although despite the multibillion investments the results in the field are more than modest due to significant scientific and technical difficulties encountered by researchers and developers in this direction. That is why the current trend in employment of cell engineering, additive manufacturing and tissue engineering in military medicine is concentration of material and financial resources on applied research for medical provision at a theater of operation.

Bibliometric evaluation of orthopaedics and traumatology publications from France: 20-year trends (1998–2017) and international positioning

BackgroundLittle is known about the scientific publication output for individual countries and medical specialties. The contribution of French authors to the currently expanding volume of publications on orthopaedics and traumatology (OT) is unclear. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research (OTSR) is an English-language version of a preexisting French journal that was launched in 2009 to increase the dissemination of research done in France. The objective of this study was to use Web of Science (WoS) data from 1998 to 2017 to determine (i) the contribution of OT publications to the total worldwide volume of scientific publications, (ii) the contribution of OT publications from France to the total worldwide volume of OT publications, and (iii) changes over time in the proportion of OT publications from France with special attention to potential effects of the creation of OTSR. HypothesisThe proportion of OT publications from France increased after 2010–2012, indicating a positive effect of OTSR. Material and methodsWoS data were used to identify original studies and review articles written by at least one French author, published between 1998 and 2017, and dealing with OT (defined as orthopaedics and/or traumatology in adult and/or paediatric patients). The worldwide volumes of publications in OT and other specialties were compared. Within worldwide OT publications, the proportion from France was determined. Indicators of impact were evaluated during successive 5-year periods. Finally, the position of OT in worldwide research was assessed and OT journals were analysed. ResultsAmong worldwide scientific medical publications, the proportion dealing with OT increased year on year from 1.93% in 1998 to 2.65% in 2017. Among annual publications from France, the proportion dealing with OT rose similarly, from 1.32% to 2.40%. Over the 20-year study period, France moved from the sixth to the ninth position, chiefly due to a large increase in publications from Asia. However, France remained in third position among European countries and increased its OT production 3-fold between 1998 and 2017. The proportion of OT articles from France that ranked among the top 1% most cited articles increased by 65% from 2008–2012 (20 articles) to 2013–2017 (33 articles), and the proportion in the top 10% increased by 31.8% (211 in 2008–2012 and 278 in 2013–2017). This rate of progression was faster than in any of the other western countries. Between 1998–2011 and 2012–2017, the contribution of French OT to publication output showed a 1.56-fold greater increase than did the contribution of OT to the worldwide volume of scientific medical publications. DiscussionOT publications from France have kept pace with the steady increase seen worldwide over the last 20years. Although the US and UK remain in the lead, and despite the considerable growth in the output of Asian countries, France occupies a prominent position on the international OT scene. The creation of OTSR has elevated the international profile of French OT centres. Level of evidenceIV, retrospective study with no control group.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure in a Top-Tier Portuguese Medical Journal.

Scientific medical publications are considered to be a source of unbiased and independent information. Authors are requiredto disclose relationships with the pharmaceutical industry for transparency purposes. The aim of this work was to assess conflictof interest disclosure in a Portuguese top-tier medical journal by comparing authors' self-reported conflicts of interest with paymentslisted in the official database of Portuguese Ministry of Health. All articles published in the Portuguese Journal of Cardiology from December 2015 to May 2016 were reviewed.Articles based on clinical images, with authors affiliated to foreign institutions, editorials, letters to the editor, or submitted beforeJanuary 1st 2015 were excluded. Authors were categorized on concordance between self-reported disclosures and payments listed inthe database. Authors who authored multiple articles were counted as new authors, since each paper offered a new opportunity forfinancial disclosure. Of the 155 authors surveyed, 82 (53%) were in perfect concordance with the sunshine database, while 73 authors (47%) hadone or more undisclosed payments. Undisclosed payments totaled over € 210 000. Four (17%) articles mentioned a conflict of interest,24 articles (96%) had at least one author with undisclosed payments. None of the payments listed in the database was acknowledged in self-reported conflicts of interest. This might indicatethat authors do not consider their financial relationships with the industry to be relevant. The lack of concordance between self-reported conflicts of interest and payments found in the database raises concernsabout incomplete disclosure.

How to stand up plagiarism in the scientific medical publications?

Представляем вниманию читателей статью* о проблеме, актуальной не только для кардиологов, но и для всей медицинской общественности. Редакция журнала «Вестник дерматологии и венерологии» выражает надежду, что данная статья будет полезна читателям, авторам и рецензентам в реализации совместных усилий по выявлению и предотвращению плагиата.

Editorial: The special article: political aspects.

Last week's editorial on Special Articles1 failed to consider the varieties that contain political elements, either overtly or by implication. These are the kind most apt to arouse readers on the other side of the political fence in question to admonish the editor to stick to science. The presence of Special Articles in the Journal for 20 years shows, however, that its days as a strictly scientific medical publication are long past. Indeed, in view of the continuing introduction of new specialties, and the unabated development of those that already exist, one may anticipate that articles of strictly scientific content . . .