Production Of Scientific Knowledge Research Articles

The contribution of universities to the production of basic scientific knowledge in Russia

Modern Russia inherited the Soviet scientific system, in which the university sector was rather weakly involved in research activities. However, by now the situation has changed significantly. The Russian government has actively stimulated the development of science in universities. It is shown in this article that the contribution of the university sector to the production of scientific knowledge has grown significantly and is already comparable with the contribution of the research sector in a number of indicators. The results of scientific research in both sectors—university and research—are published in journals of a comparable level, and the levels of citation of these publications are also comparable. Note that in economics, psychology and psychiatry, and social sciences, the university sector dominates. In addition, researchers from universities are more involved in international scientific collaboration. However, the sector itself is heterogeneous. Its main scientific achievements are related to the results obtained in leading research universities.

Políticas públicas de educação financeira: do processo histórico às ações práticas em Instituições de Ensino Superior

Abstract In current times, the importance of financial education has gained prominence in discussions held within multilateral organizations and governments around the world, with the purpose of building a society that is aware of the impact of their actions as individual financial agents in global society, through education. In this environment, the general objective of this article is to discuss the conception of financial education as public in Brazil, tracing a mapping of the main practical actions in higher education, after the implementation of the National Strategy for Financial Education (ENEF). As for the methodology, a bibliographical survey is carried out of the scientific works published and made available on the Capes Portal and SciELO-Brasil platforms, in the period between 2011 and 2021, which address financial education as a public policy in the context of higher education. As a result, it is perceived that higher education students have largely been excluded from public policies related to this topic and Universities have acted timidly as disseminators of financial literacy and production of scientific knowledge, through academic publications that can contribute to the enhancement and expansion of ENEF's reach.

O PROGRAMA DE PESQUISA DE MARTIN EGER: PRINCÍPIOS DA HERMENÊUTICA FILOSÓFICA NA EDUCAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS

ABSTRACT: This text begins with a theoretical research program that seeks to map the tradition of Philosophical Hermeneutics (PH) in Science Education (SE), producing syntheses of works by different authors who assumed the PH in SE. The objective is to present research programs that articulated PH and SE as we tailored our own research program based on them. We started with the research on the work of Martin Eger, one of the pioneers in this discussion in English, who proposed a Philosophy of Science Education (PSE). The justification for this program is that PH provides arguments for understanding the role of language, which contributes to facing the daily challenges of teachers in Natural Sciences teaching and learning. In this text, based on a brief discussion of PH as developed by Hans-Georg Gadamer, we have studied Martin Eger's work. Some of the concepts proposed by Gadamer, such as the hermeneutic circle and the expansion and fusion of horizons, as well as the triple hermeneutics, proposed by Eger, have supported the understanding of the language of Natural Sciences, thus undoing the separation between subject and object; in this way, students, teachers in training, professors and researchers in Education and Science Education, as well as scientists, can be seen as interpreters of the Natural Sciences. By bringing together the work of Natural Sciences and the work of art in a cascade of interpretations throughout the production of scientific knowledge and its learning by students, Eger's academic production provides arguments to understand the very history of Science Teaching, by rescuing paths and reviews. At the same time, it brings inspiration to think about the present.

Scientific production in biodiversity: the gender gap continues in Brazilian universities.

Scientometrics enables us to comprehend the interests and trends in scientific knowledge production and dissemination. In this study, we evaluate the effects of gender, academic experience, location of residence, and graduate program score on the quantity of published articles, the number of citations and the H-index of researchers belonging to Brazilian graduate programs in Biodiversity. Variables related to the researchers were measured, and the relevance in explaining scientific production was examined using hierarchical models. In graduate programs, there were more men than females. The number of articles as first author and the H-index increase progressively through the researchers' career, while the number of citations increases at the beginning of their careers, stabilizing between 10 and 20 years, and increasing again after 30 years of career. We concluded that gender, academic experience, and graduate program score were the most important variables in explaining the scientific production of graduate programs in Biodiversity in Brazil.

The Theory of Constraints in scientific knowledge production

The Theory of Constraints in scientific knowledge production

Impacto multidimensional da pesquisa: desenvolvimento e teste de um modelo para avaliação

Abstract In recent decades, changes in science have been characterized by internationalization and the quest for impact. This article introduces the impact assessment process of 23 research projects of the Capes prInt Program aimed at internationalizing Brazilian science. This work developed an impact assessment model, applying it experimentally. The development was based on scientific texts on modes of production of scientific knowledge and impact assessment. The assessment revealed that, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the projects have advanced in their internationalization goals. As for the impacts, those related to science and education predominated, with a significant number of projects also indicating impacts on public policies and organizational practices. The article adds to understanding modes of knowledge production and research impact measurement. Furthermore, it can be useful to directors of research institutions, research managers, and researchers interested in measuring the research impact on organizations and society.

Uma incursão pelo lado “não-respeitável” da pesquisa de campo

Abstract This article was originally published in 1981. It addresses ethical and methodological questions involved in fieldwork among people from the anthropologist’s own society, but from a subaltern social group. It asks: What does legitimate the scientific methods of investigating other people’s lives, making them appear as acceptable instead of as object of resistance? It uses Foucault’s analysis of social sciences’ regimes of power-truth to understand what frames different methodologies of research and the author’s practices. It considers that field research is structured in the context of a certain regime of production of scientific knowledge that legitimates relationships of power in which one asks to know everything and the others feel obliged to tell the truth that, however, only the questioner will be able to reveal. The article argues that what is presented as truth either in interviews or in the text of the analyst is the product of a certain relationship shaped by power imbalances and social inequality. Moreover, it suggests that the field relationship is productive: What is said did not exist before ready to be revealed, but was constructed in this uneven relationship. Therefore, the interpretation of field data must always consider the conditions of its production.

Oriental Studies in Russia: New Reality, Old Challenges

The report by Vasily A. Kuznetsov Deputy Director for Research of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Russian Oriental Studies: Challenges and Prospects for Development in the New Reality,” released in the fall of 2023, draws attention to the complex issues facing Russian Oriental Studies in the new geopolitical reality. The “Turn to the East” concept, widely declared at the state level, creates both new growth opportunities and fundamental challenges for Oriental studies. Among the latter, Vasily A. Kusnetsov largely highlights factors related to intra-academic discourse and technological development. The most significant of them are to determine the place of Oriental studies in the modern system of production of scientific knowledge, characterized by a high degree of methodological segmentation of disciplines, and the development of machine translation algorithms, potentially eroding the core of Oriental studies — proficiency in the Oriental language. We are inclined to agree with the existence of both exogenous factors in the development of academic oriental studies, which, however, are also characteristic of the global context. In this article, we propose to pay attention to the challenges characteristic of the Russian academic and educational context. The growing interest of the state, business environment and the society in Oriental studies is due to the rapid transformation of the geographical structure of Russia’s foreign economic relations, where former familiar partners from Western countries are being replaced by new counterparties, whose star is rising in the East. There is a growing demand for orientalistic expertise and for the skillful personnel speaking Eastern languages. Oriental studies as an academic discourse and as an educational standard bears a heavy burden of responsibility: the problem of inflated expectations. From Oriental studies they are expected to build conceptual bridges between Russia and the East, from Oriental studies-graduates is expected high-quality work in a wide range of branches of foreign economic activity, where the only thing that will connect them with Oriental studies as an academic specialty is knowledge of the Oriental language. The current demand dictates the need to change existing educational programs and the system of reproduction of orientalistic knowledge. However, the ice separating the dark waters of the corrosive properties of the market from the actualization of the existing academic paradigm seems to be thin.

Teoria da Interseccionalidade, Desafios para Pesquisas Empíricas e Contribuições para a Psicologia

Abstract The Theory of Intersectionality is an important contribution from feminist epistemologies to the scientific field. This narrative literature review aims to discuss methodological possibilities and challenges in producing and analyzing empirical evidence based on the Theory of Intersectionality, as well as its contributions to Psychology. While this theory is increasingly being cited as the basis for empirical research, articulating its assumptions in knowledge production processes is still a difficulty. Qualitative approaches prevail in the field, but advancements in statistical analysis methods allow for an intersectional interpretation in quantitative studies. Intersectionality contributes to understanding psychological processes and challenging dominant and exclusionary assumptions in the field of Psychology. Embracing this theory requires a commitment to the imperative of social transformation and entails placing claims, values, practices, and power relations at the core of scientific knowledge production, regardless of the field under study.

The scientometric landscape of Evolang: A comprehensive database of the Evolang conference

Abstract Language evolution is a modern incarnation of a long intellectual tradition that addresses the fundamental question of how language began. Such a formulation is intuitively obvious, but a more precise characterisation of this area of research with its central notions—language and evolution—has proved surprisingly elusive. In this paper, we show how conceptual analysis can be complemented with scientometric analysis in describing language evolution. To this end, we built a database containing information on the contributions and contributors to the proceedings of the nine most recent iterations (years 2004–20) of the Evolang conference, which given its long history (1996–) and attendance rates gives a good reflection of the thematic scope and research trends in the field of language evolution as a whole. We present several analyses of these data, concerning the geographical distribution of the researchers contributing to the conference, a set of ‘classic’ references most frequently cited in Evolang proceedings, researcher profiles self-associated with the most popular tags for this area of research (such as ‘evolution of language’ vs. ‘language evolution’), and the changes to the profile of the conference as represented in the proportions of topics and author networks over the most recent Evolang iterations. While our resource is intended primarily as a source of insight into the Evolang conference—and by extension into the entire field of language evolution—it holds potential for comparisons with other fields and for addressing questions on the production of scientific knowledge.

Flexible and Precariat Form of Employment Policies at Higher Education in Turkey

<p style="text-align: justify;">The main objective of current study was to determine the opinions of adjunct faculty members regarding the flexible and precariat form of employment policies at universities in Turkey. The research was conducted qualitatively. The participants were 16 adjunct faculty members who were chosen with purposive sampling method. An interview technique was implemented in order to obtain data, and content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results revealed that this form of employment policy causes organizational, academic and personal problems. As for organizational problems, it causes to prioritize financial points of views rather than academic expectations. Regarding personal problems, adjunct faculty members are underpaid, overworked, ignored regarding their professional development. Also academic and scientific knowledge production are ignored. Students do dot respect adjunct faculty members. It is recommended that this kind of employment policy should be reconsidered and full-time employment should be preferred.</p>

Indian Sociology and Anthropology Between a Decolonising Quest and the West

This paper analyses the scientific knowledge production of Indian anthropologist/sociologist Irawati Karve (1905-1970) against the backdrop of India’s decolonisation. I shed light on her efforts to engage with internationally validated social scientific knowledge and to adapt it to local and national questions and traditions of inquiry. Through an analysis of her work’s reception, which includes sharp criticism by Louis Dumont, I discuss how Karve’s efforts were restricted not only by an international system of validation majorly influenced by scholars in centres in the global North, but also by the pervading colonial legacy of anthropology. Thinking with Karve’s case as an example of a double bind between nationalising/indigenising impulses in the creation of scientific knowledge and global inequalities in the geopolitics of international science, I reflect on the difficult position occupied by sociologists and anthropologists in the global South in response to the quest of decolonising knowledge.

A systematic review of trends and gaps in the production of scientific knowledge on the sociopolitical impacts of emojis in computer-mediated communication

A systematic review of trends and gaps in the production of scientific knowledge on the sociopolitical impacts of emojis in computer-mediated communication

Medicine and Arabic literary production in the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century

AbstractThe selection of nineteenth-century Arabic texts on medical education, medicine and health demonstrates the significant link between the revival of the Arabic language and literary culture of the nineteenth century, known as thenahda, and the introduction of medical education to the Ottoman Empire. These include doctor Ibrahim al-Najjar's autobiographical account of his studies in Cairo (1855), an article by doctor Amin Abi Khatir advising on the health and care of infants (1877), questions and answers in the major popular Arabic journalsal-Hilalandal-Muqtataf(1877–1901) and an article about a new tuberculosis treatment by doctor Anisa Sayba‘a (1903). Taken together they contribute to our understanding of the bottom-up production, reproduction and reception of global scientific knowledge, as well as to a social and intellectual history of science. We argue that the engagement with science during thenahdawas a multi-vocal and dialogical process, in which doctors and patients, journal editors and their readers, negotiated the implications of scientific knowledge for their own lives and their own society. The texts of the original documents and their translations can be found in the supplementary material tab athttps://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087422000413.

A Naturalist between Two Worlds

In the 1830s, European naturalists traveled to South America to gain experience as field collectors, a practice increasingly important to natural history and the production of scientific knowledge as the nineteenth century progressed. This article explores the strategies followed by the French naturalist Claude Gay (1800-1873) in his attempt to make a name for himself in the eyes of both the Chilean and French scientific communities and governments, as he established his career as a field collector. Gay had to forge credibility among local social circles and hierarchies to win the financial support of the Chilean government, while simultaneously pursuing a career and a reputation as a naturalist in France. This article analyzes Gay’s practices and strategies for each community and discusses the extent to which his field practices were influenced not only by the scientific knowledge, experience, and instruments used, but also by the social, political, and economic context in which he developed his scientific work.

Off the Beaten Path?

Frédéric Cailliaud ran the Natural History Museum of Nantes from 1836 to 1869. An explorer, Egyptologist, geologist, and public political figure, Cailliaud’s profile resists any attempt at categorization, yet a common denominator of his activities is the production of knowledge about nature. As an employee of the Nantes municipality, Cailliaud’s activities, especially fieldwork, intersected with administrative demands. This did not make him the puppet of standardizing bureaucratic forces. Rather, the term bureaucracy is used in this article as an epistemic category to reassess the role of instrumental changes in scientific knowledge production as it was increasingly integrated into public administration. Focusing on Cailliaud’s papers (notes, manuscripts, publications) and the place of fieldwork in them, this article seeks to cast light on the material and relational dimensions of knowledge production in a nineteenth-century provincial museum. In doing so, I seek to reassess the place of bureaucratic work in the production of geological knowledge and argue that the field and the office were not “separate worlds.” Instead, the exploration of their entanglements complexifies our understanding of knowledge production in the nineteenth century.

An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Scientific Collaboration and Knowledge Production of the Countries along the Belt and Road

The Belt and Road Initiative, proposed by the Chinese government in 2013, has exerted great influence, not only on geopolitics and the economy but also on scientific research. This paper investigates the relationship between scientific collaboration and knowledge production of the countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative project. To this end, we used 314,678 co-authored papers and 6,226,577 paper publications in these countries from 2009 to 2018 to measure scientific collaboration and knowledge production, respectively. Additionally, we selected the country’s economic level, the number of specialized disciplines, and political stability as influencing indicators. Methodologically, we established a dynamic panel model and used the generalised method of moments to empirically analyze the relationship between the two and the influencing factors. The results reveal that the scientific collaboration and knowledge production of the countries along the Belt and Road Initiative are mutually reinforcing and show accumulative effects. The number of specialized disciplines and political stability are major influencing factors for scientific collaboration and knowledge production. Knowledge production can facilitate scientific collaboration by increasing number of specialized disciplines, economic development and political stability. Scientific collaboration can weaken the promotion of knowledge production in a similar way, exclusive of economic development.

Understanding technological, cultural, and environmental motivators explaining the adoption of citizen science apps for coastal environment monitoring

Environmental and nature conservation authorities are calling for a collective effort to break or reduce the current cycle of environmental degradation. Much of the response depends on scientific knowledge production based on thematically and geographically comprehensive datasets. Citizen science (CS) is a cost-effective support tool for scientific research that provides means for building large and comprehensive datasets and promoting public awareness and participation. One of the greatest challenges of CS is to engage citizens and retain participants in the project. Our work addresses this challenge by (1) defining the role that technological, cultural, and environmental dimensions play in the adoption of CS apps for coastal environment monitoring, and (2) providing base knowledge about the profile of the apps’ most likely users and the functional features they require to be successful. Collectivists and people who assume a green identity are the most likely users of these apps. Drivers of their use are the promotion of citizen empowerment, habit development, provision of facilitating conditions, and proof of environmental performance.The outcome of this study is a set of guidelines for project managers, app developers, and policymakers for citizens’ engagement and retention in CS coastal environment monitoring projects through their apps.

Quantifying quality: practices of drinking water quality knowledge-making in Kaolack, Senegal

ABSTRACT This paper examines the production of drinking water quality knowledge in Kaolack, Senegal, showing that the state apparatus of scientific knowledge production can struggle to incorporate consumer perceptions and preferences. The article builds on contributions from geography and science and technology studies which show that environmental knowledges emerge through heterogeneous social and biophysical interactions, with political consequences. Relying on eight months of ethnographic field work in Kaolack including observation, participation, and interviews, I develop a qualitative case study of four state knowledge production practices. These practices include: quantifying quality, judging sources of water, locating possible sites of knowledge-making, and attributing responsibility. Each of these practices produces boundaries around what kind of knowledge about drinking water quality is allowed to be influential and obscure elements including embodied consumer perceptions, change after delivery, heterogeneity within households and over time, and long-term effects. I argue that these processes have important implications for the inclusion and exclusion of consumers from the Senegalese state’s processes of knowledge-making about drinking water quality, with consequences for how people experience access to drinking water and exposure to potentially harmful substances in water in Kaolack.

Colonial Fantasies, Imperial Realities: Race Science and the Making of Polishness on the Fringes of the German Empire, 1840–1920

Colonial Fantasies, Imperial Realities: Race Science and the Making of Polishness on the Fringes of the German Empire, 1840–1920