Generation Of Scientific Knowledge Research Articles

Advances in behavioral economics: paradigm shift towards a humanistic economics

The objective of the study is to offer a critical review, of scope and limits of content, on the development of behavioral economics, with attention to the Ibero-American contributions to overcome the biases of the Neoclassical Synthesis and thus rehumanize the study of economics, so a bibliometric study was developed in the Scopus database, comprising more than a thousand articles related to behavioral economics. With the metadata obtained a descriptive analysis has been made, plus bibliometric maps using VosViewer software, to present the thematic connections. Thus, it can be seen that there is a growing trend in scientific production in this field, and that the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom are the leading countries with a greater number of researches and of greater impact, influencing theoretical and applied developments. The most cited research is focused on the generation of scientific knowledge that contributes to achieving objectives of social interest, which is precisely where behavioral economics must go in order to achieve a more humane economy. There is an incipient participation of researchers from Latin American countries, especially in Scopus Q1-rated journals, which could represent an advance in innovation that could translate into a paradigmatic change, if governments and public policy designers seek an economy less focused on production and GDP growth, and rather focused on human satisfaction.

Innovation in sport medicine and science: a global social network analysis of stakeholder collaboration in rugby union

ObjectivesTo investigate the network of stakeholders involved in rugby union research across the globe.MethodsUsing author affiliations listed on scientific publications, we identified the organisations that contributed to rugby union research...

How to align objectives of practitioners and scientists in DBR projects?

The interaction of scientists and practitioners is an essential component within Design-Based Research. Their close collaboration is assumed to hold the potential to increase the quality of both the innovative solution of educational problems and the generation of scientific knowledge. At the same time, there are some challenges associated with realizing this potential. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of collaboration between researchers and practitioners in DBR projects. After a broader description of the problem situation, an in-depth discussion of the interests, perspectives, and frame conditions of the project actors from science and practice takes place using the example of the determination of project goals. The paper ends with the recommendation of design principles for the cooperation of scientists and practitioners.

Digital Twin-Based Concept for Reliable Research Data Management


 
 
 In data-intensive research, reliable management of research data is a major challenge. In the field of Mass Spectrometry Imaging, vast amounts of data are being acquired from mostly proprietary data sources. Consequently, hindering seamless data integration into Research Data Management systems. Without a data repository, the continuous generation of scientific knowledge and innovative research based on existing information is limited. Moreover, to maintain the value of data to researchers throughout and beyond its lifecycle, FAIR principles for reliable data management approaches must be applied. To enable the required data transmission, the Digital Twin paradigm can be considered a reliable solution. The conceptual implementation of a heterogeneous mass spectrometer generating hyperspectral images leverages the Digital Twin to overcome common data management problems in data-intensive research.
 
 

ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ РОЗВИТКУ АГРАРНОЇ СФЕРИ

The entrepreneurial sector is entrusted with a supporting role in saturating the market with goods and services, developing healthy competition, which puts the problem of forming entrepreneurial potential in a special place and shows the relevance of this issue in the research of modern science. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the organizational and economic foundations for the formation of entrepreneurial potential in the agrarian sphere. The objectives of the study include highlighting the aspects of structuring, effectiveness and existing dependencies in the development of the agrarian sector; the influence of socio-economic factors on the formation of entrepreneurial potential; substantiation of promising types of entrepreneurships in the agrarian sphere. Substantiation of the structural elements of the manifestation of the essence of the agrarian sphere, which influences the formation of entrepreneurial potential due to the effectiveness and existing dependencies in development, provided an opportunity to determine the promising directions of the development of the agrarian sphere. These include: the expansion of activities and production of new types of products, provision of various services, in particular financial, informational and advisory, as well as development of innovative entrepreneurship, oriented not only to the domestic sales market, but also to the global markets of agricultural products. The work focuses on the development of innovative entrepreneurship as a basis for strengthening the economic potential of rural areas. The components of the development of the system of innovative entrepreneurship as a basis for strengthening the economic potential of rural areas include: infrastructure development; generation of scientific knowledge and innovations; creation of a training system for innovative managers; motivation of labor in the agrarian sphere; investment support for innovative technological processes; use of the latest technologies; expansion of integration ties between subjects of economic relations. It has been proven that the implementation of organizational and economic measures for the development of various forms and types of entrepreneurship in the agrarian sphere will contribute to solving a number of problematic issues related to: increasing the level of employment and reducing migration processes; ensuring compliance with a high level of product quality and marketability; regulation and expansion of product sales directions; raising the level of awareness in financial and economic issues of entrepreneurship development by strengthening the scientific and educational environment; development of industrial and social infrastructure, as well as increasing the efficiency of their use.

Community‐driven science and science education: Living in and navigating the edges of equity, justice, and science learning

Community‐driven science and science education: Living in and navigating the edges of equity, justice, and science learning

Ready to innovate during a crisis? Innovation governance during the first wave of COVID-19 infections in Iceland

ABSTRACT Previous studies on innovation governance have focused on the governance of science, technology, and innovation from a long-term perspective. In this article we focus on the short term by exploring the generation and use of new scientific and technical knowledge to address an urgent societal crisis. We empirically analyse the emergency response during the first wave of COVID-19 infections in Iceland using a conceptual framework based on three theoretical components, namely, emergency management, innovation governance, and the innovation process as a problem-solving process. The empirical analysis is built on a systematic analysis of secondary data. Based on the results, we conclude that improvisation processes using existing knowledge and capabilities and triggered by unanticipated problems during a crisis are in some cases sources of successful innovation. In these cases initial problem-solving processes characterized by improvisation can be interpreted as blind variations that are retained and diffused through a series of complementary problem-solving processes that generate and use new scientific and technical knowledge. Furthermore, we extend the concept of innovation governance readiness to include both the readiness to exploit technological opportunities and the readiness to address unanticipated problems during a crisis and propose that our extension is useful for integrating long-term and short-term aspects of innovation governance.

Knowledge mining and graph visualization of ancient Chinese scientific and technological documents bibliographic summaries based on digital humanities

PurposeThis study aims to extract knowledge of ancient Chinese scientific and technological documents bibliographic summaries (STDBS) and provide the knowledge graph (KG) comprehensively and systematically. By presenting the relationship among content, discipline, and author, this study focuses on providing services for knowledge discovery of ancient Chinese scientific and technological documents.Design/methodology/approachThis study compiles ancient Chinese STDBS and designs a knowledge mining and graph visualization framework. The authors define the summaries' entities, attributes, and relationships for knowledge representation, use deep learning techniques such as BERT-BiLSTM-CRF models and rules for knowledge extraction, unify the representation of entities for knowledge fusion, and use Neo4j and other visualization techniques for KG construction and application. This study presents the generation, distribution, and evolution of ancient Chinese agricultural scientific and technological knowledge in visualization graphs.FindingsThe knowledge mining and graph visualization framework is feasible and effective. The BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model has domain adaptability and accuracy. The knowledge generation of ancient Chinese agricultural scientific and technological documents has distinctive time features. The knowledge distribution is uneven and concentrated, mainly concentrated on C1-Planting and cultivation, C2-Silkworm, and C3-Mulberry and water conservancy. The knowledge evolution is apparent, and differentiation and integration coexist.Originality/valueThis study is the first to visually present the knowledge connotation and association of ancient Chinese STDBS. It solves the problems of the lack of in-depth knowledge mining and connotation visualization of ancient Chinese STDBS.

Why Individuals and Communities Do Not Turn to Violent Extremism

Conceptual and epistemological challenges have to date constrained the generation of scientific knowledge on violent extremism. This article inverts the field’s seminal research question with an eye on furnishing a sturdier foundation for inquiry and theory building. Rather than seeking generalisable truths on why violent extremism occurs, we induce tentative propositions on why it does not, particularly within the context of enabling environments. Based on original data gathered through case studies conducted in the Middle East and North Africa, our primary findings are that the probability of violent extremism in enabling environments is reduced by three variables: i) hard interventions by the state; ii) the availability of credible ideological alternatives; and iii) the opportunity to opt out of the economy of violent extremism. At the conceptual level, we also propose that violent extremism be considered as a modality of action practiced by discrete political actors—namely, terrorist organisations—rather than as a phenomenon more diffusely pervading societies, nations, or faiths.

Towards Open Science within Health Care Technology and Management Education

Lack of research reproducibility, restricted access to scientific knowledge to citizens, fake news (on social media) and limited citizens’ involvement during scientific knowledge generation are phenomena which negatively affect the relationship between Science and society. Unfortunately, students, who will be the next scientists, practitioners and citizens, are not educated to address these scientific and societal challenges. Teaching Open Science (OS) principles to students may equip them to deal with these challenges during their future career. OS refers to any endeavour aiming to make one’s research more open, inclusive, accessible, reproducible and replicable. Therefore, OS is expected to address these challenges by promoting: open and reproducible research, publicly available scientific knowledge, public engagement of (scientific) experts within society and greater citizens’ involvement in Science. OS consequently promises to transform the relationship between Science and society. This teaching innovation will introduce Health Care Technology and Management students with the theoretical underpinning of OS and will let students practise OS during a group project. The teaching activities will comprise a series of interactive lectures and practical assignments. Key topics of this teaching innovation are an introduction to OS and FAIR principles, pre-registration, performing open reproducible research, open peer-review and practise public outreach. The teaching materials and activities will be co-created with students who already participated in this course to ensure the OS content matches students’ knowledge, interests and needs. Dissemination efforts will be undertaken during the entire duration of the project to increase awareness concerning the importance of teaching OS within educational curricula.

Relocating education in the history of science and technology

ABSTRACT This paper reviews the current position of the history of education within the existing historiography of science and technology, and argues for the relocation of education from the periphery of the history of science and technology to its centre. It claims that it is essential to study science education in its entirety and complexity if we want to understand the generation, reproduction, circulation and transformation of scientific and technological knowledge, practices, practitioners and objects inside and outside of scientific institutions and communities. Four relocations are proposed: first, placing the history of education at the centre of our understanding of history of science and technology; second, acknowledging the diversity and heterogeneity of science and technology education; third, placing material culture at the centre of our histories of science and technology education; and, finally, provincialising Europe and North America in the history of science and technology education.

Percepciones sobre el rol de la universidad como gestora de investigación e innovación para el desarrollo endógeno de la Amazonía peruana

Endogenous development seeks to improve the living conditions of rural inhabitants through the combined use of natural resources and progress actions that are in harmony with the ecosystem but at the same time are a permanent financial path. At the same time, it seeks the preservation of biodiversity as a power of origin, as well as a financial progress with sustainable productivity that provides welfare. In this sense, the purpose of the study was to describe the role of the university as a manager of research and innovation for the achievement of endogenous development in the Peruvian Amazon through the perception of university authorities and professors. The research had a qualitative approach, with a grounded theory design, with teachers and authorities of the National University of the Peruvian Amazon as informants. The results of the interviews were analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ program to determine the co-occurrences and relationships of the two categories: Role of the university as a manager of research and innovation and endogenous development of the Peruvian Amazon. A lexicometric study of the documents generated was carried out. Reporting from the perception of the authorities and teachers to the research and innovation that is carried out from the university as a central axis for the achievement of the endogenous development of the region. In addition, they state the need for the active participation of all students together with their teachers for the planning of activities that lead to solve the problems of the region through the generation of scientific knowledge and innovation. In conclusion, the university has a leading role as a manager of research and innovation to achieve the endogenous development of the Peruvian Amazon.

The shrunk genetic diversity of coral populations in North-Central Patagonia calls for management and conservation plans for marine resources

The Chilean Patagonia is a complex puzzle of numerous fjords, channels, bays, estuaries, and islands. The largest part of it is very remote, hampering the generation of scientific knowledge and effective management planning that could balance conservation of the marine resources with the increasing development of aquaculture activities. The present study focuses on the deep-water emergent cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus, dwelling in Chilean Patagonia, with the aim to illustrate its population genetic structure, demography and adaptation of the species along this coast. Microsatellite loci analysis included D. dianthus individuals from twelve sampling localities along bathymetric and oceanographic gradients from the latitude 40°S to 48°S. The results showed a lack of genetic structure with an asymmetric dispersion of individuals, and relevant heterozygosity deficiency in some populations. This study also analyses the natural and human impacts affecting the region (e.g., climate change, increasing salmon farming activities), and stresses the importance of including genetic information in the process of management and conservation of marine resources. In particular, the relevance of using interdisciplinary approaches to fill the gaps in scientific knowledge especially in remote and pristine areas of western Patagonia. Therefore, information on genetic spatial distribution of marine fauna could become pivotal to develop a holistic ecosystem-based approach for marine spatial planning.

Effects of the neoliberal agenda on academic results at federal universities

With the emergence of debates about the weight of federal public universities' budgets in public accounts, the development of scientific research that present data on such issues to society becomes relevant. In this context, this work sought to identify the effects on the academic performance of Federal Institutions of Higher Education (FIHE) caused by the application of the neoliberal agenda in the budget formation of these institutions. For this purpose, the adopted methodology grouped the universities based on their similarities, using the cluster analysis method, and verified the existence of a correlation between the budget and performance variables. The results found point to a scenario of disruption in FIHE budgets, represented by attacks on the financing model of these institutions under arguments of inefficient performance based on incomplete or biased analyses. In addition, the emergence of the application of neoliberal measures generates signs of a change in the profile of actions carried out within universities, moving from a vanguard place in the generation of scientific knowledge to a kind of service provider in which market demands are met through financial support.

Advancing Achievements Through Increasing Collaboration in Ocean Sciences Research

AbstractOcean sciences research is highly complex and requires large investments of time and funding. There is global recognition that collaboration, partnerships, and sharing of resources are key in ocean sciences research. Collaborations among government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, academia, and industry are underutilized, leading to unnecessary duplication of research efforts, missed opportunities, and inefficient use of funding and time. One of the underpinnings of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) is the generation of scientific knowledge, infrastructure, and partnerships needed for sustainable development of the ocean. This was also a major theme at the 2022 Ocean Sciences Meeting, where a town hall and workshop event were held to discuss challenges and barriers to collaboration in ocean sciences research and possible opportunities and solutions that exist to address them. The goal was to foster discussions among a diverse group of individuals from a variety of organizations on how to advance achievements in ocean sciences through increasing collaboration. This article summarizes discussion from the events, along with written comments and survey results from the participants.

The relationship between socioeconomic development, renewable energies and the innovative process

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relationships between socioeconomic development, renewable energy and the innovative process by providing: a descriptive analysis; a co-occurrence analysis of terms, thematic mapping and conceptual structure; and the typology of the textual corpus.Design/methodology/approachTo analyze the relationship between “renewable energies, socioeconomic development and the innovative process,” it is necessary to build a theoretical foundation that contains the relevant scientific studies and reflects the current state of the art on the subject. For this, this study developed a systematic literature review (SLR) using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses research protocol to answer the relationship on the theme.FindingsResearch shows a global understanding of the need to invest in developing studies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and improve economic growth. The main contributions lie in providing a typology of the state of the art, identifying the joint relationships between themes, insights into the key themes and indicating themes that must be developed. This study may also support future empirical studies as it provides a theoretical foundation for formulating hypotheses, which can be tested through qualitative and quantitative approaches.Originality/valueThe innovative character consists of addressing a shortage of SLRs on this theme. Thus, this paper fills this gap by providing a theoretical foundation for future scientific and academic knowledge generation. Furthermore, regarding the interdisciplinary aspects of this research as contributions, this paper presented different approaches and theoretical perspectives.

Science teachers in research labs: Expanding conceptions of social dialogic dimensions of scientific argumentation.

Argumentation is a central epistemic process contributing to the generation, evaluation, and application of scientific knowledge. A key challenge for science educators and researchers is to understand how the important social and discursive (“social dialogic”) dimensions of argumentation can be implemented in learning environments. This study investigates how science educators learned about such argumentation through a professional development program at a scientific research center. The 13‐day program included 5‐days working in research laboratories with a mentor and observing scientific argumentation in context. Theoretically, this research draws on sociocultural frameworks to investigate the social dialogic dimensions of scientific argumentation. Methodologically, it examines the reflections of a cohort of 21 secondary science teachers as they observed argumentation in scientific research settings. It examines how research experiences for teachers can promote an understanding of the social dialogic dimensions of argumentation and to help teachers take up educational approaches that foster expansive argumentation practices. Teachers shared a heightened awareness of argumentation as a ubiquitous, embedded feature of authentic scientific activity; expanded ideas about forms, uses, and purposes of argumentation; and developed an understanding of how contexts for argumentation such as collaborative sensemaking and critique can help manage uncertainty and build knowledge. A year after their program participation, teachers recounted shifts in pedagogical practices, including desettling traditional classroom talk patterns, scaling back their epistemic authority, providing students with more agency and ownership of ideas, and recognizing the value of establishing a culture of community and collaboration. Findings highlight how professional development in research settings has the potential to broaden teachers' views of argumentation, with implications for secondary science teaching.

Knowledge Management Practices and Ecological Restoration of the Tropical Dry Forest in Colombia

Ecological restoration is considered a nature-based solution to reduce ecosystem degradation, biodiversity loss, and combat climate change. In this sense, the objective of this study was to identify the knowledge management practices that are present in an ecological restoration process in the tropical dry forest. The empirical study was developed using a mixed approach over an area of 11,079 ha in Huila, Colombia. At first, the qualitative study was supported by a documentary review and participant observation between 2018 and 2020. On the other hand, the quantitative study was carried out through the application of the Delphi method with the participation of 64 experts. Twenty-two knowledge management practices were identified with orientation towards human factors, organization, information technologies, strategy, and intellectual protection. These findings show that all the knowledge management practices identified have an impact on the six components of the ecological restoration process (planning, diagnosis, implementation, monitoring, participation, and consolidation). Likewise, these practices contribute to the generation, transformation, and mobilization of local and scientific knowledge in the components of the ecological restoration process of the tropical dry forest.

Patterns of collaboration for technology transfer in Spanish universities

ABSTRACT Universities are relevant actors in research and development (R&D) and, increasingly, in innovation. These institutions play a significant role in the generation and transfer of scientific and technical knowledge. They may also adopt an orchestration role, in order to combine diverse national and international sources of knowledge through collaboration networks that can enhance their ability to transfer it to industry and society. In this paper, we seek to demonstrate that, if this pattern is confirmed, larger benefits can be achieved and translated into better performance and greater impacts on the development of local innovation ecosystems. Using data on patents granted to universities by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) from 1990 to 2017, we study the technological performance of Spanish universities to illustrate how collaboration patterns affect the relative impact on their innovative activities. Our contribution identifies a dual complementary and geographically dispersed pattern of collaboration in the evolution of universities’ technological performance, while the existence of public-private partnerships and the generation of international linkages are found to be prevalent factors (even dominant over R&D).

Design of a phenomenon‐based science outreach program and its effects on elementary students’ epistemological understanding of, and attitudes toward, science

AbstractThis study describes the design and implementation of a science outreach program (elementary; 2nd–5th) and its associated student outcomes. Key features of the program include: (a) phenomenon‐based, NGSS‐aligned curriculum designed by science education experts and influenced by educational, sociocultural, and cognitive science theories, (b) active engagement by elementary students in experimentation and exploration of a common phenomenon (2 per year, called modules) across multiple sessions (6–8 per module), (c) professional development (PD) provided to scientists (mentors) and teachers to supply classrooms with multiple (5–7) adult more knowledgeable others (AMKOs), and (d) close classroom interaction between elementary students and mentors, allowing for students to participate in evidence‐based sense‐making through whole‐class and small‐group discussions. We examined the effects of program participation on students’ epistemological understanding of science (EUS) and attitudes toward science, as well as surveyed teachers to determine how they felt the program affected students’ attitudes and EUS. Student measures indicated they developed a deeper understanding of the process of scientific knowledge generation and were more likely to report liking science more than less. Similarly, teachers’ self‐reports corroborated these results, as well as showed teachers thought the structure of the program effectively integrated mathematics and language arts.