Scientific Institutions Research Articles

Planetarium pedagogy and technical learning experience: an investigation from instructional perspectives

The research focused on the National Planetarium Kuala Lumpur’s education programs, investigating the types and target audiences. It examined the educational theories and strategies used, including multiple intelligence theory and cooperative learning. The study also explored the alignment of astrophysics in Pearson Edexcel International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) Physics with the Planetarium’s programs. Document analysis and participant observation were employed. The results revealed two program types: on-site and online. The programs showed alignment with IGCSE Physics and utilized theories like social cognitive theory. The National Planetarium positively impacted students through multi-intelligence theory, sociocultural theory, experiential theory, and constructivism. Gamification and group activities enhanced the learning experience. The Planetarium’s ability to simulate astronomical events made it an effective medium for instructional science institutions. Overall, the study highlighted the diverse education programs of the National Planetarium Kuala Lumpur, their alignment with IGCSE Physics, and their positive impact on students’ personal, physical, and social contexts.

Victory-in-freedom: Ukraine’s democratic resilience in the face of war

The article offers a rare systematic analysis of political attitudes in societies experiencing massive military invasions using statistical analysis of two original surveys conducted by the Ukraine National Academy of Sciences Institute of Sociology — a panel survey tracking the same respondents in three waves (N = 329, November 2021, June-July 2022, and June 2023) and an additional larger survey (N = 869, June 2023). Despite devastating suffering, Ukrainians’ support for democracy as a political system and for freedom of speech have stayed remarkably resilient over this time period. Cross-sectional (multiple ordinary least squares regression) and longitudinal (linear mixed-effects model regression) tests, as well as supplementary focus group conversations in all of Ukraine’s macro-regions, show that this democratic resilience is grounded in the victory-in-freedom synergy — a widespread sense of shared sacrifice that drives determination to win the war and restore Ukraine’s territorial integrity. In particular, we found a clearer understanding of the importance of political freedoms and fighting for victory among individuals who experienced loss and trauma and a strong appreciation across Ukraine’s society that victory is vital to preserve democracy. Survey data also demonstrates that democracy support has become more intrinsic to Ukrainian national identity and that the initial surge of democracy support among Ukrainians in the face of Russia’s invasion has been more than a short-term rallying-round-the-flag. In combination, these factors explain the Ukrainians’ sustained, spirited resilience in the face Russia’s mass savage invasion over more than a two-year period. Moreover, support for democratic ideals doesn’t mean Ukrainians write a blank check of trust to their government. Longitudinal analysis indicates that as the war progressed, and hardship persisted respondents held their democratic institutions accountable. At the same time, the results of our study indicate that sustaining this resilience would require not only battlefield successes, but also accountable governance, countering Russia’s media impacts, and sustaining family incomes. Our findings contribute to the literature on war and democracy by showing the importance of considering both the external context (war duration and impacts and the aggressor state type) and the mobilization of national identity in the face of aggression.

CORRELATION OF CARDIAC MARKERS WITH THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE IN SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDELDERLY

Cardiac markers (CPK-MB and TroponinT (TnT)) are often used to differentiate between cardiac and non cardiac chest pain. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has increased incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and disease. Elderly have an increased incidence of SCH. However, no study has specifically examined the association between cardiac markers and SCH in elderly population. Aims and Objectives: To determine the association of cardiac markers with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in elderly patientswith subclinical hypothyroids and euthyroid. Method: The present study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in Biochemistry department of Adesh institute of medical sciences and research (AIMSR) Bathinda from a period of May 2023 to April 2024.The data was obtained from the lab computers and the subjects were divided into four groups. Group 1 included patients who had MI and SCH. Group 2 consisted of patients who had MI and were euthyroid. Group 3 were those who presented with chest pain only (no MI) and SCH. Group 4 were those who had acute chest pain (no MI) and were found to be euthyroid. Results:Our study showed significant correlation of TSH with CPK-MB (r=0.69, p=0.001)and Troponin T ( r=0.201, p= 0.04) in Group 1 while a non significant correlation was found in Group 2, CPK-MB (r=0.06, p=0.67) and Troponin T (r= 0.156, p= 0.57). There was a significant correlation of TSH with CPK-MB (r=0.71, p=0.02) and Troponin T (r=0.84, p= 0.001) in Group 3. A nonsignificant correlation was found in Group 4, between TSH and CPK-MB (r=0.116, p=0.68) and Troponin T (r= 0.001, p= 0.99). Conclusion: Elevations of TSH levels may cause a significant rise in the cardiac markers in SCH elderly as compared to euthyroid.

The organ of the Imperial Clinical Midwifery Institute is the forerunner of music therapy in Russia

This review article describes the acquisition and installation of an organ in a scientific and educational medical institution. For the first time, an organ was installed at the Imperial Clinical Midwifery Institute in 1904. The beginning of the ХХ century was marked by the development of music therapy. This could not go unnoticed by the director of the institute D.O. Ott. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in music therapy. This article touches on the history of the appearance and further fate of the Walcker organ, acquired for the Imperial Clinical Midwifery Institute. We herein discuss the issues of music therapy and its healing effects on patients.

Progress toward impact at scale of orange‐fleshed sweetpotato in Ghana

AbstractSweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) was known as a minor root crop in Ghana. Starting in 2010, the International Potato Center (CIP) and multiple partners implemented orange‐fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) projects to reposition this crop in Ghana. CIP‐led projects from 2010 to 2021 were identified as Research for Development Initiative projects. These projects consisted of (i) new variety development and commercial seed systems (Sweetpotato Action for Security and Health in Africa: 2009–2019); (ii) OFSP products for business development, breeding‐seed system linkages, strategic awareness for demand creation, sensitization, capacity building, advocacy, and strengthen public‐private partnerships (Jumpstarting OFSP: 2014–2017); (iii) research on shelf‐life and appropriate storage practices (two U.S. Agency for International Development's Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance: 2013–2015 and 2017–2018); and (iv) innovative on‐farm variety testing using the ClimMob‐CitizenScience method (Triadic Comparison of Technologies– roots, tubers, and bananas scaling: 2020–2021). In November 2020, CIP withdrew from Ghana, and the scaling partner, the Reputed Agriculture 4 Development Foundation, led this project up to the end. Strengthened partnerships have driven the expansion of OFSP into value chains. Key partners driving changes were private sector producers and processors, small‐holder farmers, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research institutes, universities, Women in Agricultural Development, Government Extension, Ghana Health Service, and Ghana School Feeding Program. AGRA OFSP for scaling in Ghana (2021–2022) revealed OFSP notably contributed to food security, health, and wealth. It fits in the Food System and contributes to Food Justice in Ghana. Future scaling will depend on consistent policies and efforts to respond to challenges and opportunities along the value chain for sustainability. Impact pathways of theories of change and scaling helped us understand the scaling progress of OFSP in Ghana.

Resolving Red Giant Winds with the Hubble Space Telescope* *Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programs GO-15903 and GO-15904.

We describe recent spectroscopic observations of red giant stars made by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope, which has provided spatially resolved observations of the warm chromospheric winds that predominate for early K to mid-M giants. The H i Lyα lines of a set of 11 red giants observed with the STIS/E140M echelle grating are first analyzed to ascertain wind H i column densities and total wind mass-loss rates. The M giants have estimated mass-loss rates of Ṁ=(14–86)×10−11 M ⊙ yr−1, while the K giants with detected wind absorption have weaker winds with Ṁ=(1.5–2.8)×10−11 M ⊙ yr−1. We use long-slit spectra of H i Lyα for two particular red giants, α Tau (K5 III) and γ Cru (M3.5 III), to study the spatial extent of the Lyα emission. From these data we estimate limits for the extent of detectable emission, which are r = 193 R * for γ Cru and r = 44 R * for α Tau. The cross-dispersion emission profiles in the STIS echelle spectra of the larger sample of red giants also show evidence for spatial resolution, not only for H i Lyα but for other lines with visible wind absorption, such as Fe ii, Mg ii, Mg i, O i, and C ii. We characterize the nature of these spatial signatures. The spatial extent is far more apparent for the M giants than for the K giants, consistent with the stronger winds found for the M giants from the Lyα analysis.

#2892 The role of physical activity in onco-nephrology; a new weapon in the management of urological malignancies

Abstract Background and Aims New clinical evidence demonstrated that Physical Activity (PA) brings numerous benefits both at the level of Health-RelatedQuality of Life (HRQoL), biological mechanisms and at the psychological level. Indeed, it is well known that cancer treatments results in a series of symptoms and side effects that debilitates the patients with cancer and can be counteracted with physical activity. PA has an effect on several aspects of biological mechanisms: sex hormones, metabolic hormones, inflammation and adiposity, and immune function. Furthermore, strong evidence shows that aerobic or combined (aerobic and endurance) training reduces symptoms of anxiety, depression and fatigue. Combined training also leads to improvements in HRQoL, preventing and improving muscle loss and sarcopenia. This study aims to assess the influence of physical activity on this improved scenario. Method A consecutive cohort of 82 pts was enrolled in the Urological Department at San Raffaele Scientific Institute between 2018-2021. The control group (CT) was composed of 31 patients affected by CKD alone (GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, K-DIGO 2012 classification) and 51 patients with CKD and a recent history of urological malignancies (within 12 months) represented the case group (CS). Inclusion criteria were: Age (>18 years old), eGFR (<60 ml/min/1.73), Malnutritional Screening Tool (MST<2), Urological Cancer aggressiveness (no metastatic process), Informed consent (signed). Each patient underwent an initial nephrological and nutritional evaluation during which a conventional CKD Mediterranean-like diet with a controlled protein intake (MCPD) (0.6-1 g total protein/kg body weight/die and 30-35 kcal/kg body weight/die) was prescribed together with physical activity recommendation according to The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) for a period of 6 months (±2 months). Physical activity recommendations included some aerobic exercise for 30 min on most days of the week, plus other activities to increase muscle strength (exercises with resistance bands) e/o to improve flexibility (such as stretching) once or twice a week. To assess the influence of physical activity within the collaborative nephrologist-nutritionist approach (NNCA) on enhanced kidney function, the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) test was administered to each patient. The test consists of two indicators: RAPA 1 will indicate aerobic physical activity levels (from 0=sedentary to 7=physically active), while RAPA 2 will indicate other types of exercises (0=none; 1=strength; 2=flexibility; 3=both). Subsequently, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) was conducted on all participants in the cohort to collect data on Body Cell Mass per height squared (BCM/h2), Phase Angle (PA), Extracellular Mass (ECM)/BCM, and Extracellular to Intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW). Statistical analysis: Linear regression and Pearson's Chi-Squared test; Data analysis: R programming language and RStudio integrated development environment. Results Table 1 shows the patient's baseline characteristics. Table 2 shows anthropometric indices and parameters at pre- and post-dietary and nephrological intervention. Table 3 underlines the poor condition prevalent in CKD patients with or without oncological history, also confirmed by the low level of usual physical activity detected by the RAPA test at T0. Sure enough, our population was mainly inactive and sedentary. Results show that, after the intervention, our patients became regularly active (RAPA 1 score T0: 2.47; RAPA 1 score T1: 3.17; Delta = + 0.7, p < 0.0001); the same trend was observed for RAPA 2 score (observed increase 14%, p < 0.002). Conclusion Based on these findings, it can be inferred that standard clinical care should incorporate thorough assessment of both nutritional status and PA. The adoption of a MCPD, coupled with exercise training within a collaborative nephrologist-nutritionist approach, emerges as a potential strategy to enhance the HRQoL of this particular kind of patient.

Challenges of Innovation in the Health Economic-Industrial Complex: A Case Study on Implementation of Research Results in a Brazilian Science and Technology Institution

In addition to advancing scientific knowledge, science and technology institutions (STIs) must translate research outcomes into practical applications, thereby addressing societal needs and challenges. Consequently, this study examines the outcomes produced by a public STI, employing the morphology of the Health Economic-Industrial Complex (HEIC) as an analytical framework. Notably, 77.8% of these outcomes have benefited populations marginalized by public policies. The research underscores a robust correlation between the institution's capacity for technological innovation and the chemical and biotechnological industrial subsystems, particularly in diagnostics and diagnostic services. Significantly, the primary impact of these innovations manifests in formulating and enhancing public health policies, thereby directly influencing governmental initiatives aimed at bolstering the Unified Health System.

Ways of integrating eating into everyday lives – a qualitative study in Germany

BackgroundFood-related behaviour is a very complex topic. A common way to reduce complex issues to their essential content is to create a typology. In Germany, with regard to food-related behaviour, the creation of a typology has often been carried out by commercial research institutes, but also by (international) scientific institutes. The former have mostly used quantitative methods, the latter usually have a specific content focus. Within this study, we want to investigate how people integrate eating into their everyday lives while engaging with themselves and the environment, thereby living out personality development and related socialisation.Methods37 qualitative interviews were conducted and evaluated by means of content-structuring qualitative analysis and type-forming qualitative content analysis. Interviewees were recruited via recruitment calls using different channels, such as newspapers or university e-mail lists. Participants over the age of seventeen were eligible to take part in the study. Both the individual action processes and the interpretation processes regarding food-related behaviour were taken into account. The final sample consisted of 20 male and 18 female participants with an age range from 18 to 83.ResultsThe result were seven eating action types, namely: Eating as a way of life, The Relaxed, Eating as self-determination, Eating as a necessary Evil, The Adaptive, The Overstrained and The Controlled.ConclusionsWe contribute to the study of food-related behaviour with the chosen qualitative method of type-building and by looking at how people integrate eating into their everyday lives. This contributes to a broader understanding of this phenomenon and complements the findings of existing commercial and academic food-related typing-building activities. Specifically, through identifying “The Overstrained” as a novel eating action type, this study adds to the literature in the field and may be a useful baseline for future research.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПОТЕНЦИАЛОМ ИНЖИНИРИНГА В ИНВЕСТИЦИОННО-СТРОИТЕЛЬНОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ

The article presents the concept of managing the potential of engineering in the investment and construction complex of the Russian Federation, while its main provisions can be projected onto the domestic economy as a whole. Evidence is provided for the thesis that engineering in the investment and construction complex of the Russian Federation is one of the main areas that can ensure the intensification of scientific and technical development of the domestic economy. To ensure the realization of the potential of engineering in the Russian economy, it is necessary to develop the institutional environment, the institute of education and science, and the national strategic planning system.

The study of potato hybrids in the Kola North

The article presents data on the study of potato varieties (2020–2022) in the Murmansk region on the basis of an integrated scientific research institution Murmansk State Agricultural Experimental Station – a branch of the VIR. In the trial dig, the hybrid 211/1 was isolated, which exceeded in all main indicators (yield, marketability, mass of tubers from one bush, mass of one tuber) the standard sample – the most adapted to the conditions of the Kola North (variety Elizabeth). There were good results in the main cleaning in terms of marketability: in 2020: hybrid 211/1 – 98.9%, hybrid 114/11 – 98.6, hybrid 2103/7 – 99.4, hybrid 211/9 – 99.4%; in 2021. – 211/1 – 98,1, 114/11 – 96,3, 2103/7 – 98,4, 211/9 – 99,1%; in 2022. -211/1 – 99,5, 114/11 – 99,8, 2103/7 – 99,2, 211/9 – 99%. In 2020 and 2021, the hybrid 211/1 stood out among the other four in terms of yield, marketability, weight of tubers from one bush, weight of one tuber. In 2022, hybrids 114/11 and 211/9 had the best yields. The mass of one tuber in the main harvest in 2022 for the hybrid 114/11 is 126.3 g (more than the standard). According to the maturation time, all samples are close to the standard. According to the research results, the most adapted hybrid 114/11 can be recommended to the population of the northern region.

Московский государственный университет геодезии и картографии: 245 лет на службе интересам Отечества

The authors explore the history of foundation and development of one of the oldest universities in Russia, Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK). They note that it has acted as a fundamental scientific and educational institution in the field of geodesy and cartography, successfully solving the most important governmental goals for its more than two centuries of its history. The historical features are revealed, as well as the current activities and development prospects of the University are analyzed. For decades, our scientists have been the leaders in scientific developments for the space industry. The institution successfully operates a Comprehensive Laboratory for the Study of Extraterrestrial Territories, exploring the natural satellites of Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. MIIGAiK is the main university of the rocket and space industry, which is part of the “Roscosmos Constellation” consortium. It is an integral element of the city and the country ecosystem paying special attention to arranging a comfortable and safe cultural and educational environment to develop creative and professional potential of each student

Non-drug therapies for patients with vibration disease associated with exposure to local vibration

Non-drug methods include acupuncture, the most effective way to regulate the body's energy system. Pulsed magnetic stimulation (PMS) is based on the application of the principles of electromagnetic induction, causes hyperpolarization or depolarization of nerve cells. The methods are practically not used in the clinic of occupational diseases, and their effectiveness in the treatment of vibration disease (VD) has not been established. The study aims to evaluate changes in the central nervous system and peripheral nerves, as well as in the psychological status of patients with vibration disease after sessions of acupuncture and pulsed magnetic stimulation. Using the acupuncture method, 24 male patients were treated with a diagnosis of VD associated with exposure to local vibration (average age 49.9±3.8 years, average length of service — 19.4±4.3 years), PMS — 24 people with a diagnosis of VD associated with exposure to local vibration (average age 48.8±3.4 years, average length of service — 18.1±3.4 years). The treatment methods performed made it possible to improve the quality of therapy, which was confirmed by a positive change in the indicators of visual and somatosensory evoked potentials, data from electroneuromyographic studies, vibration sensitivity and algesimetry, the state of the mnestic and attentional spheres of activity improved. The use of the acupuncture method allowed to improve the indicators of bioelectric activity of the brain: the amplitude of the peak N1 of visual evoked potentials increased (from 3.2 to 6.7 MV, p<0.05), the latency of the peak P200 decreased from 178.0 to 142.5 ms, p<0.05. The threshold of pain sensitivity on the zygomatic bone, on the phalanx of the 2nd finger of the hand and on the protruding part of the inner ankle decreased by 63, 125 and 250 Hz, p<0.05. Vibration sensitivity improved (on the ulnar process, phalanx of 2 fingers of the hand, p<0.01, on the tubercle of the tibia, p<0.05). Magnetic stimulation contributed to the improvement of cerebral changes in the treated patients — the latency of auditory evoked potentials decreased (p<0.03 for peak P1 and p<0.05 for peak P2), the amplitude of visual evoked potentials increased (p<0.05), the bioelectric activity of the occipital lobes of the brain increased. The duration of the afferent excitation wave at the level of the cervical region (latency N11 and N13, p<0.05) and thalamic structures (latency P25, p<0.05) increased. Non-drug therapy allowed to restore the time of excitation by the motor component of axons in patients on the upper extremities during acupuncture, on the upper and lower extremities during treatment with magnetic stimulation (p<0.05), improved indicators characterizing the mnestic-attentional and psychoemotional spheres of the treated. Ethics. Conclusion of the MEС of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "East Siberian Institute of Medical and Environmental Research" No. 32 dated 09/10/2019.

Enhanced wheat productivity in saline soil through the combined application of poultry manure and beneficial microbes

BackgroundSoil salinity is one of the major menaces to food security, particularly in dealing with the food demand of the ever-increasing global population. Production of cereal crops such as wheat is severely affected by soil salinity and improper fertilization. The present study aimed to examine the effect of selected microbes and poultry manure (PM) on seedling emergence, physiology, nutrient uptake, and growth of wheat in saline soil. A pot experiment was carried out in research area of Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Saline soil (12 dS m− 1 w/w) was developed by spiking using sodium chloride, and used in experiment along with two microbial strains (i.e., Alcaligenes faecalis MH-2 and Achromobacter denitrificans MH-6) and PM. Finally, wheat seeds (variety Akbar-2019) were sown in amended and unamended soil, and pots were placed following a completely randomized design. The wheat crop was harvested after 140 days of sowing.ResultsThe results showed a 10–39% increase (compared to non-saline control) in agronomic, physiological, and nutritive attributes of wheat plants when augmented with PM and microbes. Microbes together with PM significantly enhanced seedling emergence (up to 38%), agronomic (up to 36%), and physiological (up to 33%) in saline soil as compared to their respective unamended control. Moreover, the co-use of microbes and PM also improved soil’s physicochemical attributes and enhanced N (i.e., 21.7%-17.1%), P (i.e., 24.1-29.3%), and K (i.e., 28.7%-25.3%) availability to the plant (roots and shoots, respectively). Similarly, the co-use of amendments also lowered the Na+ contents in soil (i.e., up to 62%) as compared to unamended saline control. This is the first study reporting the effects of the co-addition of newly identified salt-tolerant bacterial strains and PM on seedling emergence, physiology, nutrient uptake, and growth of wheat in highly saline soil.ConclusionOur findings suggest that co-using a multi-trait bacterial culture and PM could be an appropriate option for sustainable crop production in salt-affected soil.

Challenges and Opportunities of Education and Scientific Research in the United Arab Emirates

This study addressed the challenges and opportunities of education and scientific research in the United Arab Emirates. It discussed the relationship between educational outcomes, scientific research, and real-world requirements. It also highlighted the density of curricula and the accumulation of knowledge, noting that current educational curricula do not align with the demands of e-learning, which has emerged as a strong and new system in future education. The study emphasized the role of higher education and scientific research institutions in advancing and keeping pace with advanced countries. It stressed the importance of academic and research collaboration among higher education institutions, academic accreditation for programs, and the required skills for each specialization to serve both learners and the country. Regarding scientific research, the study observed a continuous decline due to reduced funding for research and decreased allocated funds by universities. It also discussed faculty members' challenges in their academic and administrative duties. The study concluded by proposing innovative solutions to address the challenges of education and scientific research in the United Arab Emirates.

The Importance of Spin-Polarized Charge Reorganization in the Catalytic Activity of D-Glucose Oxidase.

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Ron Naaman's group at the Weizmann Institute of Science. The image shows that direct electron transfer through GOx is governed by electron spins, which result from the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202400033.

Fisheries independent surveys in a new era of offshore wind energy development

Abstract Fisheries independent surveys require rethinking because of increasing spatial restrictions and interactions with offshore wind energy development (OWD). Fisheries, protected species, and environmental data collections have been conducted by scientific institutions to meet societal demands for food security, conservation, and other marine uses. These data collections provide information on key resource measures, essential for fisheries, protected species, and ecosystem management. With the increase in pace and magnitude of OWD's industrialization of marine waters, disruptions in these long-term time series can be expected. These disruptions will impact the ability to support current and future management goals and objectives. This paper presents an expert survey on the perceptions of OWD interactions with common survey designs and survey methodologies in Europe and the U.S., along with a selected sample of 75 fisheries independent surveys in the U.S. and Europe providing an initial assessment and description of potential impacts from OWD. About 72% of the surveys sampled record interactions with operational, planned or future OWD. Four case studies demonstrate efforts to address these interactions within European regions that have operational OWD and the U.S. where development has just begun. Finally, we make recommendations for future research important to continue meaningful scientific-based management advice.

Libraries of the European branches of Imperial Russian Geographical Society

The author reviews the history and development of the libraries of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society European branches, namely the Caucasusian, North-Western and South-Western. The library network of the Geographical Society branches supported local scientists and researchers in their studies. The libraries were established through the donations made by the members, other individuals and institutions. Apart from the donations, the library collections were developed through the book exchange. The branches’ own publishing practice facilitated the expansion of book exchange relations with other scientific institutions. The European branches of the Geographical Society published periodicals and continuing publications such as “Bulletins”, “News”, and “Reports”. The book exchange was negatively affected by the First World War and revolutionary events, which resulted in almost absolute termination of contacts with foreign scientific societies.The development of libraries of European branches of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society was inextricably linked with contributing individuals and often depended on the selfless and gratuitous work of employees. The libraries of European branches of the Geographical Society proved to be the centers for science promotion, and their extensive book exchange contacts with national and foreign scientific institutions contributed to the creation and development of sustainable scientific communications.

Data Assimilation of Satellite-Derived Rain Rates Estimated by Neural Network in Convective Environments: A Study over Italy

The accurate prediction of heavy precipitation in convective environments is crucial because such events, often occurring in Italy during the summer and fall seasons, can be a threat for people and properties. In this paper, we analyse the impact of satellite-derived surface-rainfall-rate data assimilation on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model’s precipitation prediction, considering 15 days in summer 2022 and 17 days in fall 2022, where moderate to intense precipitation was observed over Italy. A 3DVar realised at CNR-ISAC (National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate) is used to assimilate two different satellite-derived rain rate products, both exploiting geostationary (GEO), infrared (IR), and low-Earth-orbit (LEO) microwave (MW) measurements: One is based on an artificial neural network (NN), and the other one is the operational P-IN-SEVIRI-PMW product (H60), delivered in near-real time by the EUMETSAT HSAF (Satellite Application Facility in Support of Operational Hydrology and Water Management). The forecast is verified in two periods: the hours from 1 to 4 (1–4 h phase) and the hours from 3 to 6 (3–6 h phase) after the assimilation. The results show that the rain rate assimilation improves the precipitation forecast in both seasons and for both forecast phases, even if the improvement in the 3–6 h phase is found mainly in summer. The assimilation of H60 produces a high number of false alarms, which has a negative impact on the forecast, especially for intense events (30 mm/3 h). The assimilation of the NN rain rate gives more balanced predictions, improving the control forecast without significantly increasing false alarms.

The influence of the reception of roman private law on the formation of higher legal education in the countries of the romano-germanic legal family

The article analyzes the historical aspects of the emergence and formation of higher education in the countries of the Romano-Germanic legal family. It has been found that the traditions of higher education are laid down in the University of Bologna, which became the first famous secular scientific and educational institution, whose professors and graduates enriched science and education with new ideas, thanks to which a new humanistic worldview was formed: law should be a measure of freedom and justice in the state and society. It is substantiated that the development of education has a civilizational significance in the state-building process, but the civilizational «growth» of the state requires professional human capital. An important source of information for acquiring a system of knowledge in medieval Europe was Roman private law, which was universal in application to new economic and other conditions, regardless of their complexity. The merit of the Roman jurists is that they formalized the customary law and supplemented and developed it according to social needs. It has been proven that Roman law was «safe» for medieval rulers and in fact indispensable for the maintenance of various types of private legal relations, so there was no reason to oppose its introduction into the educational process. It was concluded that the study of Roman law in the medieval universities of Europe led to the assimilation of the formation of the legal system in a number of European states and the formation of the Romano-Germanic legal family, because the principles and norms of Roman law formed the basis of European codifications. It is important that the law of the Romans was used as an active law even in those states that did not have a legal mechanism for solving controversial issues, especially in interstate relations, because this law is saturated with classic examples of solving various life situations. Addressing them contributed to the development of the student’s skills not only in legal analysis and thinking, but also in the practical selection and application of normative material in order to solve life’s legal problems.