Field Of Science Research Articles

Innovation, Global Competitiveness and Human Development Index: EU Cluster Case

This study investigates the effects of innovation on global competitiveness within the framework of the EU13 and EU15 countries. Using a Pooled Driscoll and Kraay regression analysis that takes into account unit and time effects, the research illuminates the relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI), which represents Global Competitiveness, Research Expenditure, the Number of Researchers, the Number of Patents, and the Human Capital Index. The findings reveal that while the number of researchers and research expenditure lack a statistically significant effect on HDI in both groups, a significant positive correlation was found between HDI and both the number of patents and human capital. More specifically, for EU13 countries, an increase in the number of patents and human capital leads to respective increases of 0.005 and 0.04 in the HDI, while for EU15 countries, these figures stand at 0.0008 and 0.03 respectively. The study concludes that investment strategies aimed at enhancing human capital and increasing the number of patent applications can notably improve global competitiveness. For EU13 countries, in particular, greater effort in the mentioned areas is needed to narrow the gap with their EU15 counterparts. In addition, despite the indirect impact on competitiveness, it is recommended for EU13 countries to boost their R&D investments and foster technological transfer to enhance their innovation capabilities. The findings from this study underscore the pivotal role of innovation in achieving global competitiveness and suggest a need for stronger collaboration within the European Union, particularly in scientific and technological fields, to facilitate knowledge and skill exchange.

PicPatrolling: Smart Surveillance with ESP32CAM

Robotics is an exciting and developing branch of science. Robots are now common in society because of their high efficiency and durability, and they have many users. Security and surveillance robots, especially those with wheeled movements and agility, are important for multiplexes in security and surveillance domains, including public security, military, facilities, and home security. These robots carry built-in high-end sensors, cameras, and communication equipment that simplify real-time data collection in indoor and outdoor environments. "PicPatrolling: Smart Surveillance with ESP32CAM” is a technique that attempts to improve the current concept of security and surveillance. The proposed system incorporates ESP32CAM for image capture and transmission without delay and GPS for location tracking. The system includes sending photo e-mail alerts, making immediate reports, and guaranteeing adequate area coverage. The robot can move during operation in a complex environment using computer vision, machine learning, and sensor fusion to recognize objects, faces, and changes and monitor important regions.. Application areas for surveillance robots include commercial and populated regions, transport points and architectural structures, other soft regions that people cannot access, and other dangerous areas that humans cannot monitor for various reasons.

Educational Data Mining: A Foundational Overview

Educational data mining (EDM) is a novel scientific area that focuses on developing and applying methods to analyze datasets generated within educational settings. This paper outlines the evolution, significance, and applications of EDM. With the increasing popularity of e-learning in web-based educational systems, EDM has expanded to include a variety of analytical methods and data sources. Some key methodologies addressed include classification, regression analysis, clustering techniques, association rule mining, and Natural Language Processing, among others. Additionally, this paper looks at how EDM can facilitate data-driven decision-making among other areas such as curriculum development and customization of learners’ experiences. It also touches on issues related to the challenges of the scientific field. Finally, some projections about EDM’s future trends are made, especially concerning its integration into AI technologies and development trends like augmented reality or virtual reality, which imply greater possibilities for changes than any other series witnessed before within this sphere.

Preface: 5th International Conference on Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (HASS 2024)

5th International Conference on Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (HASS 2024) was held from October 19-20, 2024 in New York, United States. The conference is co-organized by Guangzhou College of Commerce and Asian Union of Information Technology. This HASS welcomes the sociologists, artists, designers, humanists, educators, teachers, policy makers, scholars, and graduate students, etc. from different cultural backgrounds to present and discuss research, developments and innovations in all fields of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences. The aim of HASS 2024 is to provide a platform for sociologists, artists, designers, humanists, educators, teachers, policy makers, scholars, and graduate students, etc. from different cultural backgrounds to present and discuss research, developments and innovations in all fields of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences. It provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration. All papers were reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declared their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers did not know each other’s identities, nor did the authors receive information about who had reviewed their manuscript. Many thanks go as well to all of the reviewers who helped us maintain the high quality of manuscripts. Lastly, sincere thanks to the members of the conference committees and organizing team for their hard work. HASS 2024 Organizing Committee

A Detailed Review on the Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts and Their Anticancer Applications

AbstractNanobiotechnology is a field of science with tremendous promising applications in cancer chemotherapy, targeted drug delivery, molecular diagnosis, and molecular imaging. Selenium, one of the critical trace elements, participates in the structure of selenocysteine protein, which plays an important role in maintaining redox balance due to its oxidoreductase activity. Elemental selenium (Se0) has significantly lower toxicity values than its oxyanions, selenite, and selenate forms. For this reason, it is important to convert elemental selenium into atomic form in biological studies. In particular, their role in regulating the immune system makes selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) superior to others. SeNPs have been discussed effectively in the literature in anticancer activity applications. SeNPs green synthesis is focused on a more economical, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly application by using, reducing, and stabilizing agents in plants. The aim of this review is to highlight the anticancer activity applications of SeNPs synthesized with plant extracts in the last 6 years (i.e., between 2019 and 2024). In addition, it aims to shed light on the green synthesis mechanism of NPs by using plant extracts and to highlight the factors affecting green synthesis and its advantages and disadvantages.

Criteria and Sustainability Practices in Public Procurement: An Analysis From the Perspective of UNB'S Procurement Agentes

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the adoption of sustainability criteria and practices in public contracting processes at University of Brasília (UnB) based on the perception of purchasing agents. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework consists in relevant research on the topic and recent studies applied to Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), highlighting main findings, identified barriers and proposed solutions. Method: Adopted documentary research and questionnaires. The data obtained through the application of the aforementioned instruments were transferred to an electronic spreadsheet and analyzed using descriptive methods. Results and Discussion: Show a complex scenario, where the majority of UnB's purchasing agents have advanced training and seek information about sustainability, but there are still significant gaps in the knowledge and application of the institution's environmental policies. The perception about sustainability at UnB is divided, reflecting the need for greater communication, training and strategic alignment to promote more sustainable organizational culture. Research Implications: This research deals with a relevant and current topic in the context of public administration, by demonstrating the practices adopted and potential for improvements. Originality/Value: This study contributes to literature by delving deeper into a new topic, which consequently requires further studies and analyzes for advances in the technical and scientific field, since the results identified through evidence and findings can add gains for Public Administration.

Investigating the impact of nano copper on the electrical conductivity of aluminum: A comprehensive study utilizing ANN, genetic algorithm, and fuzzy logic methods

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field in material science, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance the electrical properties of conventional materials through the incorporation of nano-sized particles. In this extensive study, we explore the effects of varying weight percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) and lengths (30 nm, 60 nm, 150 nm, and 250 nm) of nano copper on the electrical conductivity of aluminum (Al) across different temperatures (20°C, 50°C, and 100°C). Additionally, we compare the predictive capabilities of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Genetic Algorithms (GA), and Fuzzy Logic (FL) methods in forecasting the electrical conductivity variations of Al based on these parameters.

Investigating the impact of nano copper on the electrical conductivity of aluminum: A comprehensive study utilizing artificial neural networks

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field in material science, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance the electrical properties of conventional materials through the incorporation of nano-sized particles. In this extensive study, we explore the effects of varying weight percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) and lengths (30 nm, 60 nm, 150 nm, and 250 nm) of nano copper on the electrical conductivity of aluminum (Al) across different temperatures (20°C, 50°C, and 100°C). Additionally, we investigate the predictive capabilities of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in forecasting the electrical conductivity variations of Al based on these parameters. Through a detailed analysis of experimental results and ANN modeling,

The Multiple Challenges of Nutritional Microbiome Research During COVID-19—A Perspective and Results of a Single-Case Study

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected multiple aspects of people’s lives, which may also influence the results of studies conducted during this period across diverse research domains. This particularly includes the field of nutritional science, investigating the gut microbiota as a potential mediator in the association between dietary intake and health-related outcomes. This article identifies the challenges currently facing this area of research, points out potential solutions, and highlights the necessity to consider a range of issues when interpreting trials conducted during this period. Some of these issues have arisen specifically because of the measures implemented to interrupt the spread of small acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), while others remain relevant beyond the pandemic.

A Comprehensive Study of Datasets for Research Works in IoT Networks

Internet of Things is a trending subject in the field of Computer Science and Information Technology. When a research scholar tries to find a problem statement in the arena of IoT, he or she probably Google the phrase “Security Issues in Internet of Things”. On this day August 22, 2024, when we searched the Google with this phrase, we got about 48,40,00,000 results in 0.46 seconds. When we searched Google Scholar with the same phrase, we got about 40,70,000 results (0.52 sec). This shows that lakhs of researchers are toiling to find solutions for Security Issues in IoT. There is a new and trending way of research that is finding solutions for issues in IoT using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models. ML and DL algorithms need large sets of Data to train and test the algorithms. This made us to take up a study on available Datasets for this research topic. When we made review of literature, in this arena of study, we found that researchers are working on only a few datasets, though numerous datasets are available freely on the internet for academic purposes. Hence in this paper we made a comprehensive study of Datasets available for research works in Internet of Things.

Perspectives of Regenerative Medicine in Dermatology and Cosmetology

Regenerative medicine has revolutionized the field of biological sciences, pharmacology and healthcare, bringing a new approach to treatments of various health conditions. Dermatology and aesthetic medicine are interested in these new scientific approaches as well. From this point of view, many areas of skin health and cosmetology may be involved, but several questions should be answered before these procedures become routine in offices and hospitals. Indeed scientific, ethical, and financial issues still have to be addressed in detail. Nevertheless, ongoing research and technological advancements are expected to further improve therapies. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning could enhance the precision of regenerative treatments, making them more effective and accessible in forthcoming years.

Investigating the impact of nano copper on the electrical conductivity of aluminum: a comprehensive study utilizing genetic algorithms methods

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field in material science, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance the electrical properties of conventional materials through the incorporation of nano-sized particles. In this extensive study, we explore the effects of varying weight percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) and lengths (30 nm, 60 nm, 150 nm, and 250 nm) of nano copper on the electrical conductivity of aluminum (Al) across different temperatures (20°C, 50°C, 80°C, and 100°C). Additionally, GA method and Numerical correction factor and constitutive equation using Zener –Holloman parameter were employed for modeling the rheological behavior of Al based on these parameters.

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERBISNIS DIGITAL BAGI SISWA SMA/MA DI KOTA TASIKMLAYA

Current technological advances cannot be separated from people's lives. Current developments in technology and science also encourage the field of management science to continue to make improvements in terms of productivity, creativity and effectiveness. Digital transformation has changed the business world so much that something called digital business has emerged. Digital business is a type of service business that utilizes sophisticated technology when creating a product or marketing it. The aim to be achieved in this service is to increase SMA/MA students' insight into digital business and make it easier for them to carry out low-fund based businesses that are effective and efficient in accordance with the needs of teenagers and even adults who want to start a business. The methods used in this service activity are socialization/counseling, training, discussions, simulations and application of digital business. With this service activity, the expected result is that SMA/MA students will have an understanding of the importance of entrepreneurship by utilizing technology so that interest in digital entrepreneurship among Madrasah Aliyah students in Tasikmalaya City will increase. This service activity contributes to schools or madrasas in equipping their graduates to have digital business skills so they can produce young digital entrepreneurs.

Investigating the impact of nano copper on the electrical conductivity of aluminum: A comprehensive study utilizing fuzzy logic methods

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field in material science, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance the electrical properties of conventional materials through the incorporation of nano-sized particles. In this extensive study, we explore the effects of varying weight percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) and lengths (30 nm, 60 nm, 150 nm, and 250 nm) of nano copper on the electrical conductivity of aluminum (Al) across different temperatures (20°C, 50°C, and 100°C). Additionally, we investigate the predictive capabilities of fuzzy logic methods in forecasting the electrical conductivity variations of Al based on these parameters.

Paediatric systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the development of patient-specific therapy: ethical perspectives through experts’ opinions

BackgroundResearch for personalised therapies concerning the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in children involves the utilisation of OMICS technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI).MethodsTo identify specific ethical challenges through the perspective of healthcare professionals, we conducted 10 semi-structured interviews. The development of interview questions for the interviews was preceded by a systematic review of the scientific literature. To address the complexities of paediatric emergency research, informed consent, and data processing, experts with expertise in paediatric intensive care, computer science, and medical law were sought. After the transcription and anonymisation, the analysis followed established guidelines for qualitative content and thematic analysis.ResultsInterviewees highlighted the intricacies of managing consent in personalised SIRS research due to the large amount and complexity of information necessary for autonomous decision-making. Thus, instruments aimed at enhancing the understanding of legal guardians and to empowering the child were appreciated and the need for specific guidelines and establishing standards was expressed. Medical risks were estimated to be low, but the challenges of securing anonymisation and data protection were expected. It was emphasised that risks and benefits cannot be anticipated at this stage. Social justice issues were identified because of possible biases within the research population. Our findings were analysed using current ethical and legal frameworks for research with a focus on the particularities of the patient group and the emergency background. In this particular context, experts advocated for an enabling approach pertaining to AI in combination with OMICS technologies.ConclusionAs with every new technological development, ethical and legal challenges cannot be foreseen for SIRS-personalised treatment. Given this circumstance, experts emphasised the importance of extending the ethics-legal discourse beyond mere restrictions. The organisation of supervision should be reconsidered and not limited only to the precautionary principle, which per se was seen as impeding both the medical progress and clinical flexibility. It was noted that the establishment and monitoring of guidelines were emergent and should evolve through an interdisciplinary discourse. Therefore, it was recommended to enhance the qualifications of physicians in the field of computer science, impart ethics training to AI developers, and involve experts with expertise in medical law and data protection.

Synthesis Strategies for High Entropy Nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles (NPs) of high entropy materials (HEMs) have attracted significant attention due to their versatility and wide range of applications. HEM NPs can be synthesized by fragmenting bulk HEMs or disintegrating and recrystallizing them. Alternatively, directly producing HEMs in NP form from atomic/ionic/molecular precursors presents a significant challenge. A widely adopted strategy involves thermodynamically driving HEM NP formation by leveraging the entropic contribution but incorporating strategies to limit NP growth at the elevated temperatures used for maximizing entropy. A second approach is to kinetically drive HEM NP formation by promoting rapid reactions of homogeneous reactant mixtures or using highly diluted precursor dissolutions. Additionally, experimental evidence suggests that enthalpy plays a significant role in driving HEM NP formation processes at moderate temperatures, with the high energy cost of generating additional surfaces and interfaces at the nanoscale stabilizing the HEM phase. This review critically assesses the various synthesis strategies developed for HEM NP preparation, highlighting key illustrative examples and offering insights into the underlying formation mechanisms. Such insights are critical for fine-tuning experimental conditions to achieve specific outcomes, ultimately enabling the effective synthesis of optimized generations of these advanced materials for both current and emerging applications across various scientific and technological fields.

Jewish Art Studies in the Lithuanian Yiddish Press of the Interwar Period (1918–1940)

Summary Lithuanian art studies as an independent branch of science began to take shape in the First Republic of Lithuania between year 1918 and 1940. During 22 years in a multinational free state, it followed a winding path of mastery, professionalism, and the formation of a critic’s thought. However, if the origins, development, and forms of interwar Lithuanian art studies already are being explored, the Jewish art studies are still waiting for its first investigations. The purpose of this article is to broaden the scope of Lithuanian art research by incorporating the layers of interwar Jewish art studies conducted in the Yiddish language. Using the combined methodology of research as method of source studies, the aspects of social history of art and the comparative method, the Jewish art studies were analysed as a specific phenomenon which functioned alongside Lithuanian art studies. Throughout this research, over 1,000 Yiddish publications were reviewed to find the answers to the never previously discussed questions – how many Jewish art historians and critics contributed articles to the Yiddish press, what kind and quality of publications about Jewish art were featured, what aspects of Jewish art, artists, and society did Jewish art critics emphasise, and what kind of relationship existed among art critics, artists and public. The article also encompasses the short biographies of the most prominent Jewish authors in the field of art criticism.

A framework for training graduate students and campus communities in inclusive teaching.

While graduate student teaching assistants (TAs) contribute significantly to university education, many graduate programs across diverse disciplines offer limited formal pedagogical training. In turn, many researchers informally develop teaching and mentoring skills as they advance to faculty positions or related careers. This can perpetuate a lag in the implementation of inclusive educational environments despite the clear benefits demonstrated by recent pedagogical research. For instance, the integration of inclusive teaching strategies like universal design for learning, growth mindset feedback, and the use of relatable role models in curricula may help increase the persistence, success, and self-efficacy of traditionally underrepresented groups in the sciences. Additionally, research indicates that training graduate TAs in evidence-based practices may have benefits beyond teaching efficacy, such as greater confidence in research preparedness and science communication-skills applicable to any scientific field or career path. Here, we developed and implemented an inclusive teaching series for a marine science department that included: (i) campus-wide pedagogical journal article discussions and knowledge-sharing, (ii) expert-led interactive workshops on evidence-based teaching strategies, and (iii) a graduate TA professional development module on inclusive lesson planning with opportunities to teach and receive feedback. Based on our experiences, we share a framework and resources to facilitate a broader adoption of formalized TA training in inclusive teaching practices within graduate programs across a variety of fields.

Neuronutrition and Its Impact on Post-Stroke Neurorehabilitation: Modulating Plasticity Through Diet

The recovery of neurological deficits after ischemic stroke largely depends on the brain’s ability to reorganize its undamaged neuronal circuits and neuronal plasticity phenomena. The consolidated evidence highlights the involvement of the patient’s impaired nutritional conditions in post-stroke recovery and unsatisfying rehabilitative outcomes. Standardized nutritional protocols usually applied in hospitalized patients in a rehabilitation setting aim mainly to improve the general health conditions of patients, do not consider the high inter-individual variability in neurorehabilitation outcomes, and are not sufficiently modifiable to provide neuroprotective and restorative dietary patterns that could promote neuronal plasticity and functional recovery during neurorehabilitation. Neuronutrition, an emergent scientific field of neuroscience, represents a valid model of a personalized nutritional approach, assuring, for each patient, nutrients having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, ensuring a balanced microbiota composition, and providing adequate neurotrophic support, essential for improving neuronal plasticity, brain functional recovery, and rehabilitative outcomes. In the present narrative review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on neuronutrition as an adjuvant strategy of a personalized nutritional approach potentially effective in improving post-stroke neuroplasticity and neurorehabilitation by counteracting or at least limiting post-stroke oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and gut–brain axis disturbance.

THE CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY: ANTAGONISM BETWEEN THE DURKHEIMIAN TRADITION AND THE SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF NORBERT ELIAS

This article seeks to understand the antagonistic concept of the individual and society from the Durkheimian tradition to the contemporary Norbert Elias. This is a theoretical text with bibliographical research, which reflects on the concepts addressed by these two authors. This reading contributes to highlighting different perspectives in the understanding of the individual and society and that, one perspective complements the other, although antagonistic, since both are concerned, each in its own time, with understanding this construction of the individual and society, emphasizing the importance of sociology as a scientific field of study.