SciELO Research Articles

Botanicals in Alleviating Menopause

Background: Estrogens play a pivotal role in maintaining human health whose imbalance leads to several disorders in the human system and most of these effects are observed during menopause. A vast number of vasomotor symptoms have been observed among which hot flushes is the most common. Though numerous medical regimens are available, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is the most preferred one owing to its effectiveness in relieving menopausal symptoms. But it might pave way for various other illnesses such as cancers in the reproductive system and cardiac problems. Hence, a different strategy is required, which opened the vision towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine which is preferred throughout the world due to its efficacy and safety in varied medical issues. Methods: Data were collected from sources such as Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar, EMBASE, PubChem and Dr. Duke’s phytochemical and ethnobotanical databases. Results: An array of plants were listed encompassing the etymology, botany of the plants, chief phytochemicals present with estrogenic potential and medicinal benefits. Vital phytoestrogens reported were flavonoids, coumestans, stilbenes, chalcones and lignans. Phytoestrogenic compounds were reported to empower women’s health during and after menopause. Conclusion: These botanicals are considered safe due to their low or no side effects but intensive research is necessitated to validate the effectiveness and safety of phytoestrogens.

The Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment and Side Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This paper aims to review studies regarding side effects found during Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma treatment, to suggest the drug class most associated with these effects, as well as the most prevalent side effect grade. This review is registered in PROSPERO (IDCRD42022295774) and followed the PICOS strategy and PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and DOAJ. Medical Subject Headings Terms were used and quantitative studies with conclusive results regarding side effects during the non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment were selected. Patent information was obtained from google patents. Monoclonal antibodies were the main drug class associated with side effects during NHL therapy. The combination of Rituximab (Rituxan®; patent EP1616572B) and iInotuzumab (Besponsa®; patent EP1504035B3) was associated with a higher incidence of thrombocytopenia (p<0.05), while the combination of Rituximab and Venetoclax (Venclexta®; patent CN107089981A) was associated with a higher incidence of neutropenia (p<0.05) when compared to Bendamustine combinations (Treanda ™; patent US20130253025A1). Meta-analysis revealed a high prevalence of grade 3-4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in men. Finally, Americans and Canadians experienced a higher prevalence of these side effects, when compared to others nationalities (p<0.05). Patents regarding the use of monoclonal antibodies in NHL treatment were published in the last year. Monoclonal antibodies associated with neutropenia (grade 3-4) and thrombocytopenia, especially in North American men treated for NHL, and with an average age of 62 years demonstrated importance in this study.

Main nursing diagnoses in a patient with traumatic injury of the spinal cord from the perspective of high complexity

Traumatic spinal cord injury and sequelae are catastrophic events that adversely affect the victim's functional capacity, and rapid rehabilitation is necessary. Nursing patients with spinal cord injury is essential for the patient's rehabilitation. Nursing professionals offer individualized support according to different levels of complexity to prevent and treat the main complications caused by spinal cord injury. The objective of this study was to verify knowledge about the care of patients with spinal cord injuries undergoing rehabilitation. This study was developed from the virtual databases resident in the Library Research Portal: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS); Scientific Electronic Library online (SciELO); Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Elsevier. It is concluded that nurses have knowledge of methods and scientific support to care for patients with spinal cord injuries. Their professional qualification provides greater technical competence in activities carried out with victims and facilitates the progression of trauma. Its process has a high contribution to rehabilitation, aiming at care that pays attention to each individual's needs and particularities, helping to face the physical, social and psychological limitations of patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries.

Efficacy and Possible Mechanisms of Astragali Radix and its Ingredients in Animal Models of Osteoporosis: A Preclinical Review and Metaanalysis.

Astragali Radix (AR) has a long history as a traditional Chinese medicine for anti-osteoporosis (OP) treatment. The aim of the study was to explore the effect and optimal regimens of AR and its main ingredients (IAR) in OP treatment. Eligible animal studies were searched in seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, SciELO Citation Index, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang). The primary outcomes were bone metabolic indices. The secondary outcome measure was the anti-OP mechanism of IAR. 21 studies were enrolled in the study. The primary findings of the present article illustrated that IAR could significantly increase the bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume over the total volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, bone maximum load and serum calcium, while trabecular separation and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen were remarkably decreased (P < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, the BMD in the long treatment group (≥ 10 weeks) showed better effect size than the short treatment group (< 10 weeks) (P < 0.05). Modeling methods and animal sex were factors affecting serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels. The findings suggest the possibility of developing IAR as a drug for the treatment of OP. IAR with longer treatment time may achieve better effects regardless of animal strain and age.

Minimal intervention dentistry: What is its clinical application and effectiveness in different continents? - A scoping review.

The aim of minimal intervention dentistry (MID) is to maximize the preservation of dental tissues through the use of modern and effective techniques and procedures. The central objective of MID is to increase the functional life of dental elements and, consequently, the quality of life of the population. The present study aimed to analyze and map the diffusion and clinical application of MID in different continents around the world. To perform this scoping review, the PRISMA checklist was used, adopting the following: population - dentists; concept - effectiveness of MID; and context - continents. The following databases were used: PubMed, European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, Scientific Electronic Library, Latin Literature American and Caribbean Association in Health Sciences, and SCOPUS. The following keywords were used in the searches: "pediatric dentistry," "atraumatic restorative treatment," "dental caries," "child health," and "glass ionomer cements" using "and" and "or" combined with "minimal intervention dentistry." Studies published before 2010 as well as theses, dissertations, opinion articles, editorials, and guidelines, were excluded from the study. A total of 160 articles were obtained, and 17 articles were screened and selected for full reading. The analysis of the studies reveals the disparity in the use of minimal intervention techniques among continents due to a lack of knowledge of these techniques or lack of confidence in changing professional approaches, thus emphasizing the need for the dissemination and teaching of MID.

Influence of some components of specialized products for athletes on the intestinal microbiome and related macroorganism indicators

Purpose: to analyze literature data on the influence of some components of specialized food products for athletes on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microbiome and related indicators of the macroorganism.Materials and methods: The selection of current scientific articles was carried out in open electronic databases: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed. ncbi, Scientific Electronic Library of the Russian Federation (elibrary.ru), Russian State Library and others. The search depth is not limited.Results. It has been shown that normalization of the diet, and therefore the nutritional status, deficient in some macro- (calcium, magnesium), microelements (iron, zinc), vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, folates, B12, D), antioxidants, is possible not only with the help of dietary supplements containing these and other (L-carnitine, caffeine) substances, but to a significant extent this improvement is possible through the consumption of pro- and prebiotics, modulating and creating favorable conditions for maintaining the optimal composition of the intestinal microbiota and endogenous synthesis of various biologically active substances. The participation of microflora in maintaining the integrity of the functional activity of the gastrointestinal tract, ensuring an adequate immune response, maintaining acid-base balance and water-salt metabolism, and the synthesis of a number of biologically active substances has been established. Most studies have been conducted on animals.Conclusion: optimization of athletes’ diets using specialized food products that have a modulating effect on microflora plays an important role in maintaining health and performance. The issue requires further study with the participation of volunteers.

Linguo-Pedagogical Design of Open Question Items in the Context of Digitalization

Interdisciplinary approach to the development and creation of open question items for assessment procedures in accordance with the digital transformation strategy and the new requirements for state accreditation of educational programs of higher education has been presented in the article. It has been revealed the content of the author’s terms including linguo-pedagogical mastery, linguo-pedagogical design, linguistic correctness and methodological literacy of test tasks. On the basis of scientometric analysis carried out due to the scientific electronic library elibrary it has been determined the chronological activity and subject correlation of publications of native researchers on testing students. Based on the results of a survey of teachers from 11 regional universities the main difficulties in the preparation of testing and assessment materials are summarized. Examples of test items in disciplines taught at a multidisciplinary polytechnic university are analyzed. Typical errors in the wording of questions, reference answers and evaluation criteria have been identified by the methods of erratological analysis and the reasons for their appearance have been summarized. To model the linguo-pedagogical design of test tasks the concept of an epistemic situation is used, its four components are described: ontological (subject-content definition of objects and elements of control), methodological (selection of types and types of tasks depending on the level of measured outcomes of learning), communicative-pragmatic (ensuring the comprehensibility of the text of the test task) and technological (technical implementation of the automated check of free response). Methods of test tasks modification with the help of modern digital services are proposed. As a result of the study, the authors formulate recommendations for the implementation of the linguo-pedagogical design of open question items with a focus on their implementation in the digital environment.

Obesity and Arterial Hypertension in Children: Systematic Review

Overweight, obesity, and arterial hypertension in children have become a serious and growing public health problem in this group. However, there is a lack of updated data to determine whether these conditions correlate. This systematic review was designed and developed following the “Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) statement, performed through a bibliographic search in the SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine), and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) databases. Finally, 7 studies were included in the quantitative analysis based on 5,364 subjects considered, and 14 studies were used for the qualitative analysis contributing to the discussion on the investigated topic. The presence of pre-AHT and early-stage AHT was high in all the studies, mostly in overweight and obese children, which, through the results, demonstrate that these values and the increase in BP are closely related to the increase in BMI (SciELO Scientific Electronic Library Online), MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine); LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature). Overweight and obesity in children contribute to a serious health problem. Being necessary to verify the opinions of the authors in recent years in relation to the relationship between these variables and the presence of hypertension in children. A systematic review was designed following the statement "Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA). A search was carried out in the Scielo, Google academic, PubMed, Latindex databases. Finally, 7 studies were included in the quantitative analysis based on 5,364 topics considered. Concluding that the presence of preHBP and HBP in the early stage was high in all the studies, mainly in overweight and obese children, which, through the results, demonstrates that these values and the increase in BP are closely related to the increase in BMI.

The Splendour and Misery of the Anthropological Crisis: a Myth of Contemporary Russian Philosophy

The concept of the anthropological crisis is very popular in contemporary Russian humanities: the Russian Scientific Electronic Library (Elibrary.ru) includes more than 10,000 publications with the keyword “anthropological crisis”. On the contrary, Google gives links to Russian publications only when searching “anthropological crisis”. This keyword has no reference in the famous online book catalogue Worldcat. org. Nowadays, English-speaking scientific communities still explore the crisis in anthropology as a discipline. The difference between the anthropological crisis and the crisis in anthropology seems essential. The crisis of a scientific discipline is not a crisis of human nature. Modern Russian scholars, including the late Vyacheslav Stepin, find many features of the anthropological crisis in the successes of genetic engineering and modern medicine, as well as in the growing psychological pressures that people face. Russian-language scholars find traits of the anthropological crisis in many fields, including studies of memory, bioethics, pedagogics, literature, and economics. Others, such as Vyacheslav Stepin and Boris Pruzhinin, point to the loss of a sense of meaning in life as a sign of the anthropological crisis. The problems of self-identity are also marked by Russian authors as a mark of that crisis. Sergey Averintsev felt that human beings lack human nature. Pruzhinin supposes humans cannot predict the consequences of genetic engineering for their nature as a species. But all these trends have nothing in common with the anthropological crisis. Genetic engineering helps to improve human health and self-realization. Certainly, we cannot envision all the possible consequences, but this is true of any scientific discovery or breakthrough. Cyborgs are an inevitable step towards healthier and smarter humans. Existential problems are universal since all humans are endowed with self-consciousness. Self-identities have been in constant flux since the birth of complex societies, especially since the industrial revolution strengthened alienation. The growth and volume of information flows are not threats to humans, as there is no need to memorize all the data in the world, and there are multiple network and personal filters which block garbage. The anthropological crisis seems a myth in contemporary Russian-language humanities in general and philosophy in particular.

TEACHING-LEARNING CHALLENGES IN THE PANDEMIC IN THE EARLY YEARS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

The objective of this article was to analyze through the literature review the difficulties encountered during the pandemic in teaching and learning in the early years of elementary school. The research is a bibliographic review of a qualitative nature. It was carried out in the databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) Capes and government portals. The criteria used for data collection were inclusion, periods or publications that approach: education as an essential right for children, the importance of the school community in the epidemiological crisis scenario and the teaching strategies used to overcome the crisis moment in Brazil. And the exclusion criteria: content not relevant to the theme, publications in a foreign language, incomplete or not referenced. It was found that there are many and varied challenges faced by students, the family, especially for teachers in emergency remote teaching. The strategies used by educators, despite the limitations, were imposed for the growth of students in the early years of elementary school. While the family also helped in this learning process, amid difficulties such as lack of resources to have access to technologies and lack of preparation in monitoring school activities, they made an effort to follow the teacher's guidelines in order to continue. the education of their children. Therefore, it was observed that teachers must be properly qualified to use digital communication technologies. Remote teaching during the pandemic brought together students, teachers and families through digital platforms, making it clear, the importance of this bond in the emotional, cultural and social development of the child as a critical and active being in society.

THE IMPORTANCE OF NURSING ASSISTANCE OBSTETRATES PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE PARTURITION PROCESS

Objectives: Describe the importance of obstetric nurse assistance to pregnant women in the parturition process. Methods: Literature review was used and data were collected from the electronic databases of Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), electronic magazines, google scholar. Pregnancy is a period in which women undergo biological changes that vary from pregnant woman to pregnant woman and gestational age. Results: The obstetrical nurse is a professional qualified to assist women during the delivery process. The gestational process is a healthy life experience that includes physical, social and mental changes in the daily lives of pregnant women and also those who live with them. In some situations, pregnancy can bring risks to the health-illness process of the mother and baby through an unfavorable evolution of the pregnancy. Considering that not all individuals are equally likely to fall ill or die, not all pregnancies pose risks to the mother and child. Conclusion: Childbirth is a unique event, respect and appreciation for the experiences of each woman are fundamental to the period that involves the beginning of labor, delivery and birth, with the need to raise awareness of the professional who is giving birth to the way in which parturient prefer to live this moment. In this context, the participation of the obstetrical nurse is essential, since the practice of their care is of paramount importance to humanize care.

GENERAL ASPECTS, APPLICATION TECHNIQUES AND SIDE EFFECTS OF THE USE OF HYALURONIC ACID IN AESTHETIC BIOMEDICINE

This study describes and analyzes the general aspects, application techniques and side effects of the use of hyaluronic acid in aesthetic biomedicine. Taking into account that aesthetics is factually one of the most powerful segments of the economy, thereis a huge demand for aesthetic procedures to alleviate body and facial disorders.Contemporary society is increasingly concerned with maintaining a youthful and harmoniousappearance, leading to the constant search for methods that soothe or delay the expression ofthese signs, thus remaining with the appearance of young skin for a longer time. Currently,the use of fillers in aesthetics has expanded considerably. Becoming a tool every time, butused to aid rejuvenation. There are currently many different types of fillers, however there isno ideal, pure filler on the market without adverse effects. Among the fillers, hyaluronic acid(HA) is the closest to these expected peculiarities, for this reason it is the one that has beenmost used, however it is emphasized that it can have some adverse effects. The present studyaimed to describe and analyze the general aspects and techniques of application of hyaluronicacid in aesthetic biomedicine, expose its risks and list its possible complications. To this end,a bibliographic search was carried out in the main databases, the virtual health library (bvs);scientific electronic library online (scielo), academic Google and lilacs. Concluding then thatHA is an effective and relatively safe alternative for several uses in aesthetic biomedicine.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FRACTIONATED CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) LASER IN THE TREATMENT OF RED STREAKS AND STREAK STREAKS

The research developed consisted of analyzing the effectiveness of fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of stretch marks. Among the main aesthetic changes in the body, this one is like stars. The stretch mark is an atrophic aesthetic lesion, caused by ahuge stretch and a consequent rupture of the collagen and elastin fibers, responsible for theelasticity of the skin. They affect a large portion of the population, being more frequent inadolescent and pregnant women, although it can also present in obese people, patients withhormonal imbalances, users of medications and patients with a genetic history. The treatmentsfor stretch marks vary according to the stage of evolution of the stretch and the phototype ofthe patient's skin. Among the most sought after is the fractional CO2 laser, its practiceconsists of promoting tissue damage through thermal damage and vaporization of cells,leading to the stimulation of neocolagenesis, with the main target being the water present inthe tissues. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using fractional CO2laser in the treatment of red and white streaks, identifying its benefits, describing itsmechanism of action and analyzing the results obtained by the scientific literature. To thisend, a bibliographic search was carried out in the main databases, a virtual health library(bvs); online electronic scientific library (scielo), academic Google and lilacs. Therefore,concluding that fractional CO2 laser is effective for the treatment of stretch marks, however,attention is needed with the patient's phototype due to complications that may occur, such aspost-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, persistent hyperpigmentation, scarring, burns andKoebner syndrome.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FRACTIONATED CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) LASER IN THE TREATMENT OF RED STREAKS AND STREAK STREAKS

The research developed consisted of analyzing the effectiveness of fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of stretch marks. Among the main aesthetic changes in the body, this one is like stars. The stretch mark is an atrophic aesthetic lesion, caused by ahuge stretch and a consequent rupture of the collagen and elastin fibers, responsible for theelasticity of the skin. They affect a large portion of the population, being more frequent inadolescent and pregnant women, although it can also present in obese people, patients withhormonal imbalances, users of medications and patients with a genetic history. The treatmentsfor stretch marks vary according to the stage of evolution of the stretch and the phototype ofthe patient's skin. Among the most sought after is the fractional CO2 laser, its practiceconsists of promoting tissue damage through thermal damage and vaporization of cells,leading to the stimulation of neocolagenesis, with the main target being the water present inthe tissues. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using fractional CO2laser in the treatment of red and white streaks, identifying its benefits, describing itsmechanism of action and analyzing the results obtained by the scientific literature. To thisend, a bibliographic search was carried out in the main databases, a virtual health library(bvs); online electronic scientific library (scielo), academic Google and lilacs. Therefore,concluding that fractional CO2 laser is effective for the treatment of stretch marks, however,attention is needed with the patient's phototype due to complications that may occur, such aspost-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, persistent hyperpigmentation, scarring, burns andKoebner syndrome.

QR code: from a term to a colloquial word

Determinologisation is one of the actively growing tendencies in the modern Russian language development. However, the complex process of adapting a specialised lexeme to the general linguistic environment, its definition and criteria remain a controversial issue in modern linguistics, which determines the relevance of this study. The article aims to consider one way of transforming a term into a commonly used word. Based on the material of mass media texts of the 1990–2020s, the study traces the discursive migration path of the QR code term. The transformation of this term essential for modern society was complicated by the new loan word assimilation and consisted in a gradual transition from a term to a colloquial word. The research relied on distributional, source study, and corpus analysis in conjunction with comparative and statistical methods (using the "Integrum" database and the scientific electronic library elibrary.ru) when analysing the lexical material from the semantic, statistical, and functional perspectives to make reliable generalisations and obtain new conclusions. The article examines the process of adaptation to the Russian language environment the foreign language abbreviation, namely the first component of the word QR code, underwent. This adaptation is embodied in the functionally unrestricted variants k’yuar-kod/kuar-kod/kyuar-kod and in the colloquial variantskverkod/kver-kod/kiarkodkuar/k’yuar/k’yu-kod/kyuar/kyur-kod. Neutral variants are also analysed from the stand point of the principles of Russian orthography and norms. As one determinologisation stage, the study considers the process of semantic development of the neutral variants QR-kod/k’yuar-kod/kuar-kod/kyuar-kod, their derivational activity, and involvement in language game. The article also reveals extralinguistic factors that impacted on various stages of the QR code adaptation by the language environment. These include the approval of the QR code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as a standard for mobile phones (2011) and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020).

Severity of Postcovid Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Postcovid syndrome includes many conditions and symptoms, both those that arose directly during the acute period of infection and the appearance of new ones. The purpose of the systematic review is to determine the criteria for the severity of postcovid syndrome. Materials and methods. The following keywords were used to search for literary sources: “postcovid syndrome”, “severity of postcovid syndrome”, “severity of postcovid syndrome” and “symptoms of postcovid syndrome” in Russian and English. We used the search engines “eLibrary.RU — Scientific Electronic Library” and PubMed.gov. Articles were included that presented a study of patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infection at least a month after recovery from COVID-19 with residual clinical signs and/or biochemical changes. The analysis included only publications from the last 3 years (2020– 2023). Results. A total of 2,913 publications were found by two search engines. After removing duplicates, literature reviews, clinical studies of medicines, studies conducted on animals, studies unsatisfactory for time after acute COVID-19, and studies performed on persons under the age of 18, 69 articles were selected for analysis that meet the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Conclusion. An analysis of the literature of the last 3 years has allowed us to determine that the presence and severity of postcovid syndrome can probably be determined by the presence in a patient of at least one of the signs presented in the review that developed during or after a laboratory-verified COVID-19 infection and persisted for more than 4 weeks from the onset of the disease and that cannot be explained by other reasons.

Nurses' Well-Being at Work in a Hospital Setting: A Scoping Review.

The aim of this review was to analyze the scientific evidence about nurses' well-being at work in the hospital context. Well-being is present in our daily experiences, whether in a personal or professional context. Nurses are frequently put under pressure and stressed at work, which can influence their well-being. Nurses' well-being at work in a hospital setting is crucial due to its relevance to occupational health, the quality of patient care, and the identification of stress and satisfaction factors. Methods: This systematic review followed the methodological guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The databases searched included CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and the Open Access Scientific Repositories of Portugal (RCAAP). The following inclusion criteria were defined: studies in Portuguese or English; with abstracts or full texts available; with a publication date from 2018 to 2022; and research containing the identified keywords in the title (TI) or abstract (AB). To organize and synthesize the data, we used a table to extract the significant information from each included study. Results: Eight studies were included, all of them emphasizing the assessment of well-being at work and the manager's intervention to promote this well-being. We found that most studies indicate that nurses are satisfied with their work. There are several factors that can influence this positive level of well-being at work, such as interaction with management, culture, and organizational commitment. It can be concluded that nurse managers have a decisive role in promoting well-being at work.

Decontamination protocols on bovine fecal and environmental samples for Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis growth in solid media

Bacteriological culture of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is considered the gold standard to confirm its presence in several matrices for Johne’s disease diagnosis. Whether it is a liquid or solid culture, a problem with MAP culture is that non-interpretable results arise because of overgrowth by other microorganisms, making MAP growth and identification more difficult or impossible. We systematically reviewed published decontamination protocols and their effects on MAP culture from bovine fecal and environmental samples on solid media. Based on our findings, we suggest a step-by-step decontamination protocol. The OVID®/MEDLINE, PubMed®, SciELO Citation Index®, and Redalyc® platforms as well as the International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis (ICP) proceedings and the reference lists were reviewed to identify relevant studies. The inclusion criteria considered articles published in English, Portuguese, French, German, Spanish, and peer-reviewed journals. The exclusion criteria included unrelated topics, species other than bovines, other than environmental/faecal samples, other than diagnostic techniques of interest, and non-original articles. Definitive studies were obtained through the authors’ consensus regarding their eligibility and quality. In total, 1,004 publications matched the search terms, and 27 articles met the inclusion criteria, of which 45 derived and reported 15 different decontamination protocols. The centrifugation-one-step hexadecylpyridinium chloride protocol, which used over 22,154 fecal samples in three studies, was found to be the most suitable, reporting an average MAP isolation rate of 3.99% (886/22,154) and an average contamination rate of 0.17% (38/22,154). This systematic review highlights the need for further refinement of decontamination protocols to minimize the loss of viable MAP during processing of bovine fecal and environmental samples.

PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS, ANXIETY, SUICIDAL IDEATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety and suicidal ideation and associated factors among higher education students. Methods: an integrative literature review was conducted. Articles retrieved from the secondary databases Virtual Health Library (VHL), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), the Online System for Search and Analysis of Medical Literature (MEDLINE), the National Library of Medicine (Pubmed) and the Scopus database were analyzed using the following descriptors: depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and students. Studies published in Portuguese, English, Spanish and that dealt directly with the subject of study were considered. Results: previous health conditions, sociodemographic and social variables, family and interpersonal relationships, and specific aspects of the undergraduate course and the institution related the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: a significant prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety and suicidal ideation was identified, the variables associated with the outcomes analyzed are heterogeneous and identifies the need for a systematic and multifactorial action to reduce cases and satisfactorily meet demands.

Precisão diagnóstica dos níveis das citocinas IL-6, IL-10 e TNF-α em pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve: revisão sistemática e metanálise

ABSTRACT There is growing evidence suggesting an association between neurodegeneration and inflammation playing a role in the pathogenesis of age-associated diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to verify evidence on the diagnostic accuracy parameters of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Methods: A search of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science and Science Direct databases was performed and nine observational studies associated with peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in MCI were identified. Mean (±standard deviation — SD) concentrations of these biomarkers and values of true positives, true negatives, false positives and false negatives for MCI and healthy controls (HC) were extracted from these studies. Results: Significantly higher levels of IL-10 were observed in subjects in the MCI group and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were lower compared to HC. For the other investigations, no differences were found between the groups. Our meta-analysis for the TNF-α biomarker revealed high heterogeneity between studies in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: These findings do not support the involvement of inflammatory biomarkers for detection of MCI, although significant heterogeneity was observed. More studies are needed to evaluate the role of these cytokines in MCI, as well as in other stages of cognitive decline and all-cause dementias.