Scientific Discourse Research Articles

Міждисциплінарність у сучасному науково-педагогічному дискурсі

Міждисциплінарність у сучасному науково-педагогічному дискурсі

System of state measures to fight human rights violations in armed conflict

The article examines the modern challenges of human rights protection during the armed conflict, in particular in the context of the need to introduce the legal regime of martial law, which was introduced due to the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against the sovereign, democratic and legal Ukrainian state. The article focuses on the analysis of critical aspects of the protection of human rights in the context of armed conflict, emphasizing the difficulties arising from an aggressive invasion of a sovereign, democratic, and legal state. Special attention is paid to strategic priorities for the restoration and protection of human rights that have been seriously affected by military actions. The article argues the need for a specific legal framework adapted to the conditions of wartime armed conflict and the key priorities of post-war reconstruction. The article provides a detailed analysis of national legislation and relevant international legal norms and an attempt to identify and recommend effective strategies for strengthening the protection of human rights. Emphasis is placed on the need for legislative changes and reforms that would ensure rights and civil liberties and be consistent with European and international standards, thereby strengthening legal guarantees against potential human rights violations. The article provides a critical review of existing legal gaps that impair the protection of human rights during armed conflicts and discusses the key role of the international community and legal institutions in upholding justice and accountability. In addition, it is proposed to implement innovative legal measures and integrate the norms of international humanitarian law to strengthen the legal infrastructure, which is necessary for the effective restoration and protection of human rights and civil liberties. The article reveals modern scientific and professional discussions, emphasizing the urgent need for active and strategic legal measures that meet European and international standards, ensuring the protection of human rights in the complex conditions of military conflicts.

“Doing the Work of Science”: Tibetan Environmentalists and the Changing Dynamics of Ecological Conservation in China

Abstract In the context of China's “Constructing ecological civilization” initiative, Tibetan environmentalists are proactively incorporating ecological science into their wildlife conservation efforts. This ethnographic study explores the logics, rationales and motivations behind this approach among Tibetans in Qinghai province. The article contends that Tibetan environmentalists adopt ecological science to gain legibility in the eyes of both the state and the wider environmental conservation community, thereby enhancing their political legitimacy and social recognition. On one hand, this practice counters the stigmatizing narratives that depict Tibetan pastoralists as backward. By embracing scientific discourses and practices, they challenge such derogatory views and position themselves as forward-thinking conservationists. On the other hand, this strategy indirectly preserves the traditional knowledge of pastoralists. Through their involvement with ecological science, they merge traditional insights with scientific methodologies, ensuring the protection of their cultural heritage while adapting to the sociopolitical landscape of contemporary conservation dynamics in China.

Уголовно-процессуальные проблемы применения меры уголовно-правового характера в виде судебного штрафа

The article discusses the shortcomings of the legal regulation of the preliminary investigation and termination of criminal cases with the appointment of a judicial fine. The authors believe that at the stage of preliminary investigation, the investigator/inquirer submits a petition to dismiss the case with the imposition of a court fine to the court is their right, not their obligation. Based on the analysis of scientific discussions and the results of a survey of investigators and prosecutors, the authors propose ways to improve the provisions of Chapter 51.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in the form of strengthening prosecutorial supervision over the investigation of criminal cases subject to termination with the imposition of a judicial fine.

The Scientist, the Therapist, and the Conspiracy Theorist: Three Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Within the Ultra-orthodox Jewish Revival Movement in Israel.

This article examines the responses of three rabbis to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Israel and the distinctive approach and strategy expressed by each of them: (1) rational-scientific, (2) emotional support, (3) resistance and distrust. The first two rabbis maintain that they trust the medical institutions and the government, whereas the third rabbi evinces distrust, expressed through conspiracy theories. These different approaches can be explained by their dispositions prior to the pandemic, which were exacerbated by the Coronavirus. Hence, COVID-19 served as more of a reflecting phenomenon than an agent of change. Analyzing the dispositions of the three rabbis can show us how they are related to two significant forces of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries-science (rational-scientific and resistance and distrust) and psychology (emotional support). Psychological discourse has been used to promote public health. On the other hand, the scientific discourse has been used to promote adherence to government and health ministry directives, as well as to oppose those directives.

Theological Reflections on Matthew 19:16–26 in Nurturing the Giving Ministry of Generation Z

This study aims to reflect on Matthew 19:16–26 as a theological offer to foster the capacity of financial giving practices in spiritual ministry for Generation Z. This is to anticipate the theology of prosperity, which is often misused, and the selfish management of wealth. This theological reflection is essential to understand that Generation Z views spiritual growth separately from the practice of blessing. The impact is that Generation Z needs to care more to support funds in spiritual activities and services around them. The research method applied consists in a descriptive qualitative approach through constructive analysis of scientific discourse. With the use of this method, it is argued that Generation Z needs some basic theological reflection regarding using God’s blessings to give funds and treasures after the COVID-19 pandemic in support of spiritual activities around them.

Characteristics of Victimological Problems Caused by the Development of Artificial Intelligence Technologies that Contribute to the Growth of Victims of Unfavorable Socialization Conditions

The relevance of the issue under consideration is due to the fact that the growth of new technologies, on the one hand, gives rise to a number of new opportunities to improve the quality of life, while exposing modern society to serious risks . The manifestation of these risks increases significantly with the use of artificial intelligence technologies, which are rapidly being implemented due to the high technocratization of many spheres of life in modern digital society . In this regard, the subject of the study was the potential risks arising from the introduction of these technologies . The goal was to study the impact of processes associated with the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies on society, to analyze the causal complex that contributes to the transformation of the population in the process of their use into victims of unfavorable conditions of socialization, as well as to make proposals aimed at minimizing the victimization of citizens . The methodological basis lies in the analysis of the most dangerous risks and vulnerabilities in the process of introducing artificial intelligence technologies, their causal complex, followed by extrapolation in the future of the identified negative trends . The results of the study indicate that the potential for harm caused during the implementation of these technologies can give rise to both completely calculated threats and a number of new risks and vulnerabilities, which, according to some experts, are unlikely, but the scale of the harm caused from which may be significant . The author has submitted for wide scientific discussion a completely new problem of an intersectoral nature, which is associated with the victimological aspects of the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies . The main emphasis is on the need to ensure the protection of victims arising after the introduction of new technologies. The author focuses on the fact that in the process of using the technologies under consideration, more and more people will be exposed to various risks and threats; accordingly, their implementation acts as one of the factors in the victimization of society . In this regard, it is necessary to resort to strict legal regulation of social relations related to artificial intelligence technologies . The area of implementation of the results of this research is such that the findings can be used in the development of program measures to counter the threats of the introduction of artificial intelligence, which contribute to the transformation of the population into victims of unfavorable conditions of socialization.

Let's Print an Ecology in 3D (and 4D).

The concept of ecology, historically rooted in the economy of nature, currently needs to evolve to encompass the intricate web of interactions among humans and various organisms in the environment, which are influenced by anthropogenic forces. In this review, the definition of ecology has been adapted to address the dynamic interplay of energy, resources, and information shaping both natural and artificial ecosystems. Previously, 3D (and 4D) printing technologies have been presented as potential tools within this ecological framework, promising a new economy for nature. However, despite the considerable scientific discourse surrounding both ecology and 3D printing, there remains a significant gap in research exploring the interplay between these directions. Therefore, a holistic review of incorporating ecological principles into 3D printing practices is presented, emphasizing environmental sustainability, resource efficiency, and innovation. Furthermore, the 'unecological' aspects of 3D printing, disadvantages related to legal aspects, intellectual property, and legislation, as well as societal impacts, are underlined. These presented ideas collectively suggest a roadmap for future research and practice. This review calls for a more comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted impacts of 3D printing and the development of responsible practices aligned with ecological goals.

Decoding Near Synonyms in Pedestrianization Research: A Numerical Analysis and Summative Approach

Pedestrianization is a significant discourse focus within urban planning and design research. However, the need for more clarity from the inconsistent use of near-synonym concepts or terms necessitates attention. This review article addresses this issue through a comprehensive analysis of synonym proliferation in pedestrian research, culminating in developing a robust “near synonymous toolkit” and “synonym selection framework”. Employing a linear snowball sampling technique, numerical analysis, and a qualitative content analysis-based summative approach, we examined sixteen peer-reviewed articles from 11 scientific journals. Through systematic classification based on consistency and variability, the summative review identifies three primary groups of near synonyms: dominant and widely utilized conceptual or terminological near synonymy in pedestrianization in the urban planning and design literature, near synonyms directly associated with a pedestrian, pedestrianize, and those indirectly linked to another conceptual or terminological synonymy. Further analysis delves into the nature of near-synonym concepts or terms, revealing three discernible patterns: the use of distinct, precise concepts or terms with near-synonym meanings, similar concepts or terms conveying divergent meanings, and the juxtaposition of unrelated vocabulary lacking semantic resemblance. These insights illuminate semantic relationships within the studied vocabulary, underscoring the importance of addressing inconsistency for clarity, precision, and coherence in scientific discourse. By offering practical guidance through the proposed framework, this study empowers academic researchers to navigate synonym selection adeptly, thereby enhancing the caliber of scholarly writing in urban planning and design.

New Understanding of Meta-Topolin Riboside Metabolism in Micropropagated Woody Plants.

Topolin cytokinins have emerged as valuable tools in micropropagation. This study investigates the metabolism of meta-topolin riboside (mTR) in three distinct tree species: Handroanthus guayacan and Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae), and Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae). Employing labeled N15 mTR, we unraveled the complex mechanisms underlying cytokinin homeostasis, identifying N9-glucosylation as the principal deactivation pathway. Our findings demonstrate a capacity in T. rosea and H. guayacan to reposition the hydroxyl group on the cytokinin molecule, a previously unexplored metabolic pathway. Notably, this study reveals remarkable interfamilial and interspecies differences in mTR metabolism, challenging established perspectives on the role of callus tissue in cytokinin storage. These insights not only illuminate the metabolic intricacies of mTR, a cytokinin with interesting applications in plant tissue culture, but also enhances our understanding of cytokinin dynamics in plant systems, thereby enriching the scientific discourse on plant physiology and cytokinin biology.

Development of mathematical competence as a key competence in English language teaching

The relevance of the study is conditioned to the need to explore new effective methods of implementing competence-oriented education while teaching English and forming key competences as a basis for learners’ comprehensive development and successful integration into a fast-moving cross-cultural society. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the category “mathematical competence in English language teaching learning” and analyse the survey of English language teachers to determine its understanding among teachers of secondary educational institutions. General scientific and empirical methods, deduction, comprehensive analysis, and comparison facilitated achieving the set goals. Hence, this paper presents the research on implementing the competence-oriented strategy stated by the Law of Ukraine on Education in general and the features of developing mathematical competence in English language teaching/learning as a key one. The modern view on understanding the concept in scientific discourse was analysed, including considering mathematical competence as a subject-specific, key, and super-competence. Assuming that communication is one of the methods and ways of teaching the English language, the authors’ vision of its definition regarding its development in the language learning was suggested. In addition, the survey of English language teachers was conducted and analysed and contradictions and problems in its comprehension and implementation among teachers were revealed: understanding the need to develop mathematical competence as a key one in teaching English; and the lack of methods and didactic materials for practical use at the English language lessons at secondary educational institutions. Furthermore, outlined prospects for future research in developing methods and efficient didactic materials for developing the mentioned competence and conducting an experiment to prove their effectiveness. These didactic materials also should comprise the psychological, linguistic, and lingua-didactic aspects, previously substantiated by the author of this paper, for developing mathematical competence as a key one in the process of teaching the English language

Epistemological Implications of Radical Skepticism

Purpose: The general objective of this study was to explore the epistemological implications of radical skepticism. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to epistemological implications of radical skepticism. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the pervasive influence of skepticism on individuals' perceptions and decision-making processes, leading to feelings of anxiety and uncertainty but also empowerment and critical thinking skills. The findings emphasized the importance of promoting transparency, accountability, and public engagement in scientific discourse, as well as the need for supportive learning environments and cultural sensitivity in addressing epistemological uncertainty. Overall, the study highlighted the complex nature of skepticism and underscored the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and ethical decision-making in navigating epistemological challenges. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Constructivism theory, Social Constructionism theory and the Pragmatism theory may be used to anchor future studies on radical skepticism. The research contributed theoretical insights into knowledge formation and psychological responses to skepticism, offering practical recommendations for educators, policymakers, and practitioners. Policy recommendations emphasized the importance of promoting transparency and accountability in governance, while practical suggestions focused on fostering critical thinking skills and media literacy among the public. The study also identified avenues for future research, encouraging interdisciplinary collaborations and comparative studies across cultural contexts. Overall, the study offered a comprehensive examination of skepticism's impact and potential strategies for mitigating its effects. Keywords: Epistemological, Implications, Radical Skepticism, Education, Media Literacy, Governance, Psychological Responses, Interdisciplinary, Comparative Studies, Transparency, Accountability

‘Less Democracy Is Sometimes Better’: Sportswashing and Hosting World Championships by Non-Democratic Countries, 1993–2022

In recent years, the concept of sportswashing, understood as the actions of individuals, transnational corporations or governments using sports to improve reputations tarnished by misconduct, has become increasingly popular. Organizing sports events is one of the main methods utilized by countries attempting to deflect allegations of human rights violations. In the author’s opinion, this view, prevalent in scientific and journalistic discourse, should be verified using quantitative methods based on available historical data. Therefore, this article contains the results of a study on the organization of world championships in Olympic sports from 1993 to 2022 by countries with incomplete democracy, defined by Freedom House as ‘Partly Free’ or ‘Not Free’ countries. The Winter and Summer Olympic Games were excluded from the analysis because they had previously been discussed many times in the context of sportswashing. A total of 1,064 world championships in summer and winter Olympic disciplines were analyzed, confirming how many organizational rights were granted by international sports federations to non-democratic countries. The results also included a detailed division into individual disciplines and countries and showed that while in the 1990s and early 2000s, countries with a ‘Not Free’ status hosted world championships sporadically, the number of such cases has significantly increased in the last decade. The conclusion presents reasons for this situation arising directly from sportswashing, as well as other factors, such as the decline of interest in hosting sports events by societies in democratic countries.

Sentiment Dimensions and Intentions in Scientific Analysis: Multilevel Classification in Text and Citations

Sentiment Analysis in text, especially text containing scientific citations, is an emerging research field with important applications in the research community. This review explores the field of sentiment analysis by focusing on the interpretation of citations, presenting a detailed description of techniques and methods ranging from lexicon-based approaches to Machine and Deep Learning models. The importance of understanding both the emotion and the intention behind citations is emphasized, reflecting their critical role in scientific communication. In addition, this study presents the challenges faced by researchers (such as complex scientific terminology, multilingualism, and the abstract nature of scientific discourse), highlighting the need for specialized language processing techniques. Finally, future research directions include improving the quality of datasets as well as exploring architectures and models to improve the accuracy of sentiment detection.

Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Glyphosate in Cereals Together with a Discussion of Its Occurrence, Accumulation, Fate, Degradation, and Regulatory Status.

The European Union's recent decision to renew the authorization for the use of glyphosate until 15 December 2033 has stimulated scientific discussion all around the world regarding its toxicity or otherwise for humans. Glyphosate is a chemical of which millions of tons have been used in the last 50 years worldwide to dry out weeds in cultivated fields and greenhouses and on roadsides. Concern has been raised in many areas about its possible presence in the food chain and its consequent adverse effects on health. Both aspects that argue in favor of toxicity and those that instead may indicate limited toxicity of glyphosate are discussed here. The widespread debate that has been generated requires further investigations and field measurements to understand glyphosate's fate once dispersed in the environment and its concentration in the food chain. Hence, there is a need for validated analytical methods that are available to analysts in the field. In the present review, methods for the analytical determination of glyphosate and its main metabolite, AMPA, are discussed, with a specific focus on chromatographic techniques applied to cereal products. The experimental procedures are explained in detail, including the cleanup, derivatization, and instrumental conditions, to give the laboratories involved enough information to proceed with the implementation of this line of analysis. The prevalent chromatographic methods used are LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/SIM, and GC-MS/MS, but sufficient indications are also given to those laboratories that wish to use the better performing high-resolution MS or the simpler HPLC-FLD, HPLC-UV, GC-NPD, and GC-FPD techniques for screening purposes. The concentrations of glyphosate from the literature measured in wheat, corn, barley, rye, oats, soybean, and cereal-based foods are reported, together with its regulatory status in various parts of the world and its accumulation mechanism. As for its accumulation in cereals, the available data show that glyphosate tends to accumulate more in wholemeal flours than in refined ones, that its concentration in the product strictly depends on the treatment period (the closer it is to the time of harvesting, the higher the concentration), and that in cold climates, the herbicide tends to persist in the soil for a long time.

Negotiating Popular Culture and Public Theology in the Indonesian Context

AbstractThis study relates theology to popular culture. As a platform for expressing the experiences of present‐day life, popular culture is theologically challenging. Scientific discourses on popular culture have revealed the significance of popular culture in society and its characteristics as a “translocal” cultural pattern. Using the approach of public theology, this study explores meeting points of theology and popular culture in the context of the Indonesian public sphere. The findings suggest that contextual encounters between theology and popular culture should take the form of negotiations rather than adaptations or confrontations.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents in goupi plaster prepared by various extraction methods using UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and UPLC-MS/MS

Goupi plaster, a representative preparation of black plaster, has demonstrated promising effects in treating knee osteoarthritis. However, high temperature used in traditional frying extraction may cause decomposition of its effective components, thus limiting the efficacy. This study aimed to explore the scientific nature of the traditional preparation technology of Goupi plaster, and to compare the effects of different extraction methods on the types of chemical components and the content of index components. The UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and UPLC-MS/MS technologies which have high efficiency, sensitivity and accuracy, were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the chemical components of Goupi plaster under different preparation processes. The results show that the extraction solvent approach is different from the traditional frying extraction method, and has a positive effect. However, the mechanism of action of Goupi plaster is complex and its pharmacological effects are diverse. Future studies should explore whether it necessary to change the frying extraction method. This experiment provides a theoretical basis that will guide further scientific discussion and research into the frying extraction of Goupi plaster.

Public engagement with COVID-19 preprints: Bridging the gap between scientists and society

Abstract The surge in preprint server use, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitates a reexamination of their significance in the realm of science communication. This study rigorously investigates discussions surrounding preprints, framing them within the contexts of systems theory and boundary objects in scholarly communication. An analysis of a curated selection of COVID-19-related preprints from bioRxiv and medRxiv was conducted, emphasizing those that transitioned to journal publications, alongside the associated commentary and Twitter activity. The data set was bifurcated into comments by biomedical experts versus those by nonexperts, encompassing both academic and general public perspectives. Findings revealed that while peers dominated nearly half the preprint discussions, their presence on Twitter was markedly diminished. Yet, intriguingly, the themes explored by these two groups diverged considerably. Preprints emerged as potent boundary objects, reinforcing, rather than obscuring, the delineation between scientific and nonscientific discourse. They serve as crucial conduits for knowledge dissemination and foster interdisciplinary engagements. Nonetheless, the interplay between scientists and the wider public remains nuanced, necessitating strategies to incorporate these diverse discussions into the peer review continuum without compromising academic integrity and to cultivate sustained engagement from both experts and the broader community.

Our undergraduate program for physiology research, UPRIME (Undergraduate Physiology In Medicine and Education) will continue and further encourage and foster our majors in Human Physiology to enter careers in the health professions and physiology research

We previously announced and reported on our undergraduate summer research program, UPRIME, funded by an American Heart Association Grant with departmental support, has been successful in the fostering of junior and senior undergraduates (UPRIME Scholars) for the health professions and research. UPRIME is a 13-week summer program that provides opportunities for biomedical research, educational support and career advising. Our hope is that this holistic approach builds a space for inclusive excellence in which UPRIME scholars can acquire the tools needed for success. During the past three years, we have selected UPRIME Scholars based on the strength of their applications. We have matched the research interests of the students with our departmental strengths and met with the scholars weekly to foster a peer-based community and augment their research efforts with scientific seminars and discussions. Additionally, our UPRIME Scholars were supported to present their work at local and national level meetings. Our companion program, INPUT (INtegrative Biology & Physiology Undergraduate Training) which is designed for freshmen and sophomores with strong interest in physiology, is also part of our department’s commitment to inclusive excellence. Here, we are updating the statuses of previous and current UPRIME Scholars. Previous UPRIME Scholars have graduated and entered either professional schools (including medical and dental) or continue to work in our research labs. In addition, our most recent 2023 UPRIME Scholars that will graduate between 2023 and 2024 are currently still working in their mentors’ labs. Our department will continue to support UPRIME. In addition, we are committed to expanding our program to the regional and national levels. We seek highly motivated applicants from around the nation to apply to UPRIME for the opportunity to gain meaningful experiences in physiology research. American Heart Association. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Phenomenology of the inclusive potential of the family as a factor in socialization of children with disabilities

Introduction. The lack of tools for studying the potential resources and capabilities of the family, as well as the search for optimal strategies and mechanisms for the real inclusion of people with disabilities in all spheres of public life is on the current national and international agenda. Aspects of rehabilitation potential of the individual and the environment, educational potential, functionality and effectiveness of the family, competence, including inclusive competence, are considered for a comprehensive analysis of inclusive potential of families raising children with disabilities. The emphasis is shifted to understanding the potential of the family as a factor in socialization of children with disabilities. The article aims to systematize and scientifically analyze ideas about the potential opportunities and resources for the socialization of children with disabilities and their families, followed by justification of the criteria base and mechanism for assessing the inclusive potential of families. Materials and methods. Within the framework of interdisciplinary scientific discourse, a model of a criteria base and of mechanism for analyzing and assessing the inclusive potential of a family raising a child with disabilities is proposed. The basis for constructing such model is decomposition of groups of competencies through indicators of parental effectiveness based on formalization. Results and discussion. Based on the analysis of the terminological field related to assessing and developing family potential in matters of development and socialization of a child with disabilities, the author’s positions on ‘inclusive family potential’ are presented. Some socio-psychological phenomena are considered that reflect the capabilities and resources of both the children themselves and their social environment. Particular attention is paid to indicating the functional effectiveness of parents of children with disabilities. Conclusion. The discussed model for assessing the inclusive potential of families raising children with disabilities has a universal design, formed as a result of initial testing and expert assessment. This approach allows for a comparative analysis of individual indicators and assessment of the influence certain factors exert on the effectiveness of accompanying children of different categories of disabilities. Systematically analyzing individual groups of parents’ inclusive competencies allows optimizing their inclusion in comprehensive support of children with disabilities.