Scientific Culture Research Articles

Migrant-sensitive healthcare in Europe: advancing health equity through accessibility, acceptability, quality, and trust.

The advancement of migrant-sensitive health care in Europe has been a topic of many initiatives and academics debates for over 20 years in Europe, yet with rather limited progress in terms of comprehensive and sustainable implementation. We argue that a human rights-based approach with clearly defined duties and responsibilities of governments, relevant public and private institutions as well as professionals is needed, in line with a sound understanding and thoughtful implementation and further development of concepts and standards for providing migrant sensitive care as an essential component of Universal Health Coverage. We suggest drawing particular attention to the interrelated features of accessibility, acceptability, quality, and trust to inform policies and practice. Innovative approaches with substantial involvement of social and cultural sciences are needed for adapting clinical care and health services to the growing social and cultural diversity of European societies.

Творчество и религиозность как проблема философии русской культуры

This review presents an analysis of the fundamental work “Creativity and religiosity in Russian culture. Philosophical Research” was written by the Russian philosopher and cultural scientist O.A. Zhukova who has been fruitfully researching the history of Russian culture and national thought for many years. The new book is the third part of a trilogy devoted to discussing the line of succession in Russian cultural and intellectual history, which is characterized by a religious understanding of creativity. The author formulates important theoretical positions, as well as methodological approaches to the study in philosophy of Russian culture and history. The large scale work is highlighted by the original interpretation of the plots considered in it. In the book, O.A. Zhukova develops the thesis about the ideal-centering of Russian culture, she offers a philosophical-culturological model of the historical dynamics of Russian culture. The basis of this model is the creative experience of a personality.

The Imagery of Death in the Visual Discourse of French Illumination of the 13th-15th Centuries: Iconographic Typologies and Artistic Practice

Classical historical and art studies in the context of the development of modern humanities are frequently synthesised with research on visual culture and social art history, forming a broad discourse on the study of the culture of a particular era, country, or community. This optics is taken as the basis for this study, wherein such a fundamental philosophical concept as the attitude towards death is considered from the standpoint of art history iconographic and cultural studies to identify worldviews and ideology in the development of visual narratives that cover and represent them. In this dimension, illuminated manuscripts are the research subject and object where, through the synthesis of text and image, the ability to semiotically read images and decode the symbolic content of cultural categories opens up wide interpretative possibilities for the researcher. The purpose of this study is to outline the wide variability of iconographic typologies associated with the theme of death in the late medieval European culture of the Latin West and to cover the features of the connection of visual culture with the system of worldview representations based on symbolism rooted in religion, folklore, and court aristocratic culture. The proposed study uses an interdisciplinary scientific approach and an art history approach. The research is based on the methods of stylistic and formal analysis, semiotics, and hermeneutics. The typological approach allowed identifying groups of images united by identical semantics of image interpretation, joint compositional and plot solutions designed to accessibly decode their semantics. First, the ontological and metaphysical foundations of the perception of death as a phenomenon in the philosophical and anthropological dimension in culture in general, and in western European culture in particular, are defined and characterised. In the context of the analysis of the features of the symbolic and iconographic interpretation of images of death in the visual culture of illumination of the 13th-15th centuries, groups of images are identified, united by identical semantics of interpretation of these images, joint compositional and plot solutions designed to accessibly decode their semantics, namely the imagery of the death of saints and clergy, imagery of the death of monarchs, the death of soldiers, noble chivalry, the death of fallen in battle, the death of women, imagery of suicides, as well as imagery of violent death, murder. This study covers a wide range of potential recipients in modern humanitarianism and can be useful for historians, medievalists, art historians, anthropologists, and cultural scientists.

Core elements of excellent hospital leadership: lessons from the five top-performing hospitals in China.

Substantial evidence indicates that leadership plays a critical role in an organization's success. Our study aims to conduct case studies on leadership attributes among China's five top-performing hospitals, examining their common practices. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 8 leaders, 39 managers, 19 doctors, and 16 nurses from the five sample hospitals in China. We collected information from these hospitals on the role of senior leadership, organizational governance, and social responsibility, aligning with the leadership assessment guidelines in the Baldrige Excellence Framework. Qualitative data underwent interpretation through content analysis, thematic analysis, and comparative analysis. This study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines for reporting qualitative research. Our study revealed that the leaders of the five top-performing hospitals in China consistently established "Patient Needs First" as the core element of the hospital culture. Striving to build world-renowned hospitals with Chinese characteristics, the interviewees all believed strongly in scientific vigor, professionalism, and cooperative culture. The leaders adhered to a staff-centered approach, placing special emphasis on talent recruitment and development, creating a compensation system, and fostering a supportive environment conducive to enhancing medical knowledge, skills, and professional ethics. In terms of organizational governance, they continuously enhanced the communication between various departments and levels of staff, improved the quality and safety of medical care, and focused on innovative medical and scientific research, thereby establishing evidence-based, standardized hospital management with a feedback loop. Meanwhile, regarding social responsibility, they prioritized improvements in the quality of healthcare by providing international and domestic medical assistance, community outreach, and other programs. To a large extent, the excellent leadership of China's top-performing hospitals can be attributed to their commitment to a "Two-Pillared Hospital Culture," which prioritizes putting patient needs first and adopting a staff-centered approach. Furthermore, the leaders of these hospitals emphasize hospital performance, operations management, and social responsibility.

Digital Management in the Field of Art and Music Industry

Introduction. In the modern information society, which is in a constant state of transformation and evolution, the role of technology and digitization in various fields of human activity is becoming increasingly significant. One area where the impact of digital innovation is particularly evident is the arts, namely the music industry. The development of digital technologies and online communications has brought significant changes to all music industry processes: from music content production to its promotion and distribution. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of digital management in the field of art and music industry, identify unique challenges and opportunities for creators, musicians and other industry participants in the digital age by considering the key aspects of digital management. The work is based on dialectical, deductive, systemic and interdisciplinary approaches, which made it possible to generalize theoretical and practical achievements accumulated by society in the context of digital management. Results. The essence of digital management, its features in the field of art and music industry are revealed. The stages of digitalization as part of the process of adaptation and integration of new technologies in various spheres of activity are defined. The key components of digital management in the field of art and music industry have been identified. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in deepening the understanding of the essence of digital management, its features in the field of art and the music industry. The significance of the study is found in the addition of cultural science with new theoretical provisions about digital management in the field of art, as well as in the possibility of using them in the process of increasing the efficiency of activities in the music industry in the digital era.

Asymmetry of Screen and Book Culture

The digital tsunami, the invasion of which was unimaginable just a generation ago, raises numerous questions among philosophers, cultural scientists, and specialists in other professions. Some of these questions run as follows: is the transition from book culture to screen culture irreversible; are there intermediate stages of this transition; and, why is there no reverse development of the book from the film? Answers are offered in this article. The accepted view is that the standard of book culture is literature (presumably a novel), and in particular, philosophical treatises; and the genuine “screen” paragon is cinema (a film), and a play on television, as a mediator. Other forms of cultural phenomena, events and facts are also discussed, which are associated with the indicated invasion of “digitals” into the life of society and of the individual, causing a restructuring of private and public consciousness.

THE SOCIETY, THE SAVANTS, AND THE SCIENTIST: A GLIMPSE AT THE SOCIÉTÉ GÉOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE THROUGH THE ACTIVITY OF THE FOUNDING MEMBER NÉRÉE BOUBÉE (1830-1860)

ABSTRACT The relevance of the Société Géologique de France (SGF) in the geoscientific landscape is undoubtedly recognized, but the academic literature dedicated to its history is scarce. The present paper aims to portray some aspects of the SGF's ordinary functioning filtered through the eyes and experience of a first-time member during the years he was active in the Society's life—approximately from 1830 to 1860. The basic assumption is that the SGF, similar to the Geological Society of London and other (geo)scientific societies, was an “arena of geological debate in the early Nineteenth century” (Rudwick 1986). Within this arena, not only scientific cultures, ideas, and practices were confronted, but also savants, experts, and amateurs clashed with each other. The constant and often very intense participation of Nérée Boubée (1806-1862) reveals much about the SGF and himself. We will follow his footsteps as a guiding thread of the narrative. Not being a savant, nor part of the élite of geology at his time, neither was Boubée a typical amateur. As was the case of many other members of the SGF, he may be considered an “accomplished” member— i.e., a geologist specialist in a more restricted subject (Rudwick 1985, p. 120). Boubée's trajectory within the SGF is a good window to see the functioning of the SGF in more detail, as it may also exemplify the paths followed by other ordinary members like him, who constituted the majority of the membership. The article concludes that the SGF was indeed an “arena” both in terms of the construction of knowledge and practices, and at the personal level of intra-community interactions.

Agency under German Occupation: Conservationist Policy-Making in The Netherlands, 1940–1945

The paper provides a political history of nature conservation in the Netherlands during the Second World War, 1940–1945. Nature and nature conservation were not mere victims of Nazi German oppression or destruction; rather, conservationist organisations clearly had agency under difficult circumstances. The movement’s leaders were accustomed to using informal contacts, semi-formal arrangements and back channel deals with government authorities and agencies, and continued to exert influence on the new Department of Education, Science and Protection of Culture with considerable success after 1940. Although these consultation structures and the Department’s power to impose measures by decree could not always prevent severe damage, this story sheds new light on the history of the nature conservation movement as an historical actor in its own right under the conditions of war and occupation. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .

A step-by-step method for cultural annotation by LLMs.

Building on the growing body of research highlighting the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) like Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT), this paper presents a structured pipeline for the annotation of cultural (big) data through such LLMs, offering a detailed methodology for leveraging GPT's computational abilities. Our approach provides researchers across various fields with a method for efficient and scalable analysis of cultural phenomena, showcasing the potential of LLMs in the empirical study of human cultures. LLMs proficiency in processing and interpreting complex data finds relevance in tasks such as annotating descriptions of non-industrial societies, measuring the importance of specific themes in stories, or evaluating psychological constructs in texts across societies or historical periods. These applications demonstrate the model's versatility in serving disciplines like cultural anthropology, cultural psychology, cultural history, and cultural sciences at large.

PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH A ZOONYMIC COMPONENT THAT CHARACTERIZE THE CHARACTER OF A PERSON IN THE KAZAKH AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES

The article deals with phraseological units with zoonymic components that characterize the character of a person in the Kazakh and English languages, explores linguistic expressive means using animal images to describe human qualities and behavioral characteristics. In the work, we will review phraseological units with zoonymic components in both languages and analyze them using a comparative method.The purpose of the scientific article is to identify similarities and differences in the description of the peculiarities of the use of phraseological units, analysis of phraseological units with zoonimic components in Kazakh and English languages in the discourse of representatives of the two cultures.The main section of the article proves that phraseological units with zoonymic components are a reflection of cultural characteristics and views on human character in the Kazakh and English languages. The analysis showed that phraseological units with animals to describe human qualities are used in the two languages. Phraseological units in the Kazakh language are closely related to animals, that is zoonyms reffered to livestock, while English language mainly relies on zoonyms related to birds, insects and sea creatures. The results of the study may be useful to linguists, translators and cultural scientists who study the interaction of language and culture.The relevance of the research topic was the comparative analysis of phraseological phrases with zoonymic components in the Kazakh and English languages, revealing similarities and differences in the way, how human character is perceived and described by the different representatives of cultures. The authors presented their own vision of the problems based on the analysis of the works of the scientists on this topic. Comprehensive analysis of phraseological units with zoonymic components, which have become the main object of the article's research were carried out.

Meeting statement: Call to action for step-change in health behaviours

BackgroundEnabling, supporting and promoting positive health-related behaviours is critical in addressing the major public health challenges of our time, and the multifaceted nature of behaviours requires an evidence-based approach. This statement seeks to suggest how a much-needed enhanced use of behavioural and cultural science and insights for health could be advanced. Study design and methodsand methods: Public health authorities of Europe and Central Asia and international partner organizations in September 2023 met in Copenhagen, Denmark, to discuss the way forward. Drawing on 1) country reporting to WHO, 2) interview study with public health authorities and 3) the meeting deliberations, this meeting statement was developed. ResultsThe meeting statement presents a joint call for step-change accelerated use of evidence-based approaches for health behaviours. Actionable next steps for public health authorities and international and regional development partners in health are presented. ConclusionsThe way forward involves increased resource allocation, integration of behavioural insights into health strategies, advocacy through case and cost-effectiveness examples and capacity building.

Studying science in pop culture through textual analysis. An introduction to examining science in visual texts — Street art, comics and (animated) film

Textual analysis is a commonly-used qualitative method for analysing and interpreting cultural texts. This approach elicits how representations occur, their underlying assumptions and how they come to have meaning. Despite the popularity and utility of textual analysis, its interpretive and theoretical strategies are not comprehensively described in science communication research. To fill this gap and clarify how textual analysis can be used to unpack the cultural meanings and representation of science in visual texts — images, comics and films — the authors analyse and discuss four environmentally-themed scholarly articles that apply textual analysis. This showcases the value of textual analysis in investigating and understanding the relationships between pop culture and science, demystifying it for science communication students and researchers.

Developing a predictive science of the biosphere requires the integration of scientific cultures

Increasing the speed of scientific progress is urgently needed to address the many challenges associated with the biosphere in the Anthropocene. Consequently, the critical question becomes: How can science most rapidly progress to address large, complex global problems? We suggest that the lag in the development of a more predictive science of the biosphere is not only because the biosphere is so much more complex, or because we do not have enough data, or are not doing enough experiments, but, in large part, because of unresolved tension between the three dominant scientific cultures that pervade the research community. We introduce and explain the concept of the three scientific cultures and present a novel analysis of their characteristics, supported by examples and a formal mathematical definition/representation of what this means and implies. The three cultures operate, to varying degrees, across all of science. However, within the biosciences, and in contrast to some of the other sciences, they remain relatively more separated, and their lack of integration has hindered their potential power and insight. Our solution to accelerating a broader, predictive science of the biosphere is to enhance integration of scientific cultures. The process of integration—Scientific Transculturalism—recognizes that the push for interdisciplinary research, in general, is just not enough. Unless these cultures of science are formally appreciated and their thinking iteratively integrated into scientific discovery and advancement, there will continue to be numerous significant challenges that will increasingly limit forecasting and prediction efforts.

Bacterial Communities on Degraded Prehistoric Rock Paintings in Maros-Pangkep Global Geopark

391 Bacterial Communities on Degraded Prehistoric Rock Paintings in Maros-Pangkep Global Geopark Nur Haedar1*, Muhammad Iqram1, Ambeng1, Yusriana2, Dody Priosambodo1, and Rustan Lebe3 1Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245 Indonesia 2Archaeology Department, Faculty of Cultural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245 Indonesia 3Indonesian Heritage Agency, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, Jakarta 10110 Indonesia The Maros-Pangkep karst region is a natural landscape located inside the UNESCO Global Geopark, extending across two regencies in South Sulawesi. There are at least 135 prehistoric caves, of which about 78 of them still have traces of relics in the form of rock paintings. One thing that has made this region renowned is the presence of the world’s oldest ancient rock painting, ca. 40,000 years old, in an ancient cave. Unfortunately, many paintings have been experiencing degradation marked by color changes and exfoliation, which are thought to be partially caused by the colonization of bacterial biofilms. The present study, therefore, aimed to delineate the bacterial diversity of biofilms present in ancient rock paintings. Samples were collected from three different caves in the region and analyzed using Oxford Nanopore Technology, sequencing the full-length 16S rRNA gene (V1–V9 regions). The results showed that Firmicutes was the dominant bacterial taxon in both Leang Jing and Leang Parewe, representing 95 and 82% of the total bacterial community, respectively. In Leang Bulu Sipong, we observed a high relative abundance of both Betaproteobacteria (30%) and Firmicutes (44%). Among the taxa detected, some genera – including Cupriavidus, Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, Paenibacillus, Geobacillus, and Pseudomonas – are linked to the carbonate precipitation and rock weathering, which could give a clue on the role of bacterial activities in corroborating the biodegradation on the ancient rock arts. Despite the result of microbial diversity in the rock paintings, it is necessary to do further study on the mechanism of degradation performed by the bacteria. This will support the effort of local authorities to conserve local heritage aged a thousand years.

Культурно-историческая концепция О. Шпенглера в современной российской историографии

The article examines the main trends in the analysis of the cultural and historical concept of the author of the “Decline of Europe” in Russian humanitarian thought of the late XX–XXI centuries. The authors of the article have studied the modern stage of Russian humanitarian thought, within the framework of which the process of transition from Soviet ideological and methodological monism to methodological pluralism in the study of O. Spengler’s legacy is taking place. Having studied the works of historians, philosophers, cultural scientists, sociologists, political scientists and other representatives of Russian humanitarian thought, the authors analyzed modern interpretations and modern perception of O. Spengler’s cultural and historical concept in the Russian humanities. The article proves that the crisis of the methodology of humanitarian cognition of Soviet Marxism opens up for domestic researchers completely new theoretical and methodological approaches to the interpretation of O. Spengler’s cultural-historical concept, which, as a result, will affect the development of modern Russian historiography.

ГЕНЕЗИС КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНИХ ПІДХОДІВ ДО КАТЕГОРІЇ «ЛОГІСТИКА»

Abstract. The article deals with the current theoretical and methodological approaches to foming «logistics» category, which is considered as a science and a practical area of business. A retrospective and development evolution of the researched category in military, mathematical and economic aspects is given. Attention is drawn to the fact that in economic science, the genesis of «logistics» category is closely related to forming market relations in industrialized countries. Three main conceptual approaches were studied, which form the definition of the term «logistics» and generally determine the directions of further scientific developments, the nature of logistics use in practice: associativity with material and technical support of production and other types of activities, sales of products; scientific organization of managing infrastructural flow processes by means of their integration, optimization of costs and rationalization of production processes; scientific organization of managing any flow processes in any sphere of human activity. A critical analysis of the considered approaches was carried out from both a scientific and a practical point of view. The differences of F. Kotler's ideas on market logistics compared to mainstream approaches in the marketing aspect are outlined. The interrelationship of the theory, methodology, object and subject of logistics with certain types of activities, material and goods and related information and financial flows is stated. Attention is focused on the dominant paradigmatic idea – global integration and optimization of flow processes. It is justified that the development of information technologies had the greatest impact on logistics, and logistics itself is now increasingly influencing the development of various spheres of human activity. The genesis of approaches to «logistics» category is summarized: stages, conceptual features and definitions of examined term. It was concluded that in modern conditions, logistics is mainly aimed at increasing the efficiency of integration of any flow processes that have features of spatio-temporal sequence, therefore attempts to globalize logistics fields of application not only in the economy, but also in the science in general, culture, and art etc. are natural.

QUESTIONING DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP IN DEVELOPING SCIENTIFIC CULTURE: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN INDONESIAN SCHOOLS

The topic of digital citizenship has gained significant attention from the academic community due to the rapid development and widespread use of digital technology across various sectors. Education is one such area that has been impacted by the diverse models and applications of digital technology, which can enhance users' skills and knowledge. However, this has also led to a diminished importance of humanity in society. Digital technology remains a problematic concern without clear guidelines, instructions, or indications of permissible and credible sources of knowledge. This raises the question of how digital citizenship, an integral part of society's lifestyle, supports citizens in developing a scientific culture. Digital technology has had a significant impact on the methods and behaviors used to develop a scientific culture in education. This study aims to describe and analyze the challenges of digital citizenship as a societal paradigm in nurturing a scientific culture in schools. A systematic literature review of literature on digital citizenship and the challenges of establishing a scientific culture in schools is employed in this study. The findings indicate that digital citizenship has not received significant attention in shaping science-based character in schools and developing a scientific culture. The study focuses on Indonesia and its schools.

The Challenges of Implementing the Independent Curriculum in Elementary Schools

Curriculum change is a necessity that is interpreted as curriculum development and must be implemented since it is demand of the times. However, in implementing the curriculum changes, before the 2006 curriculum to the 2013 curriculum, there were problems faced. This research aims to examine the problems of implementing the Independent Curriculum faced by schools, teachers, and students. The data were collected through the fourth-grade teachers and the school principal. This research site is at SD Negeri 2 Pilot Blangkejeren. Data collection techniques use interviews and observation. This research figures out, firstly, frequent changes in regulations and repeated revisions of regulations, uneven training for teachers, incomplete facilities and infrastructure, handbooks for teachers and students handbooks, changes in scientific culture, school literacy movements, and internal supervision are not yet completed, optimal. Secondly, most students are from middle-class families background who have less learning support from their parents. Besides, in the learning process conducted in the teacher center learning students are passive.

Komunikasi Antar Budaya Pertukaran Pelajar Universitas Binadarma Palembang dan University Selangor Malaysia

Behavior, interaction, and aculturation of intercultural communication in students of Communication Sciences University of Binadarma and University of Cultural Sciences Selangor Malaysia are the subject of this research. Using student exchange programmes to enhance mutual cultural understanding and understanding, this intercultural communication is facilitated through introduction, adaptation, symbolic interactionalism, and cultural accuracy. The author hopes to improve inter-cultural communication through methods such as cultural identification, adaption, and accuration. The writer uses qualitative methods and performs interviews with several students of Selangor University Malaysia to answer various questions. The results of this study show that his friends of different cultures have very intense intercultural communication. In places like cafés, lobbies, halls, classrooms, seats, and campus courts, people show their culture. Readers get literature about intercultural communication with new students who have cultural differences because the same cases happen every year. This is the benefit of this research.

National Research Foundation: Fostering Scientific Culture in Academia

National Education Policy 2020 has outlined the base of the National Research Foundation (NRF) to encourage outstanding research in universities and colleges with a vision of transforming the Indian economy into a knowledge-based economy to come across the expectations, challenges and requirements of the 21st century. The main motto of the National Research Foundation is to produce quality research leading to innovation. This also focuses on creating a linkage between industry and academia for an efficient institute-industry collaboration. There is a dire need for scientific culture in academia to produce quality research. Scientific culture is a contagious process that enhances scientific attitudes among academicians. Curiosity and creativity are the fundamental pillars of scientific culture and lead to research and innovation. The results of scientific inventions are never confined within the boundaries of a nation, while their fruits are tasted all over the globe. In India, the rate of scientific inventions is quite slow. However, the NEP 2020 has come into the process of implementation covering all aspects of quality education and research to produce innovations in India. Education should adequately enhance scientific culture in academia to cause a sense of responsibility among learners and academicians for producing quality research work leading to innovations. Fortunately, the NEP 2020 aims to improve India’s education system and transform it into a 21st century educational system in line with all of these important issues. The present paper highlights how the National Research Foundation fosters a scientific culture in academia.