Science Content Research Articles

The Effects of Intervention Coursework on Science Achievement

Background or Context: With the implementation of three-dimensional science and high stakes testing, policymakers have bolstered science curriculum to include standards that engage students in scientific discourse while providing the needed guidelines for teaching science content. However, the field of science education has not been a policy focus to provide needed supports for struggling students to attain mastery of standards. This oversight leaves an evident gap in educational equity, because it fails to address challenges faced by students who may not meet science proficiency. Purpose, Objective, Research Question, or Focus of Study: This study examines the association between a student’s enrollment in an intervention course and science outcomes. This is measured by achievement testing, describing student enrollment in an intervention course for both general intervention coursework and science-specific intervention coursework. The analysis further describes the teacher certification area for intervention courses to determine if certification impacts student achievement. Research Design: First, descriptive statistics were employed to better understand student characteristics of those enrolled in science intervention courses. Then, propensity score matching was used to match students through nearest neighbor matching based on covariates association with struggling learners. Additionally, teachers who teach intervention courses (general and science-specific) were examined by demographics and teacher certification pathway to determine if an association exists between certification pathway and student outcomes. Conclusions or Recommendations: Findings suggest that most students enrolled in a science-specific intervention course were not identified as a special education student. Those students enrolled in a science-specific intervention course had greater science outcomes than those students enrolled in a general intervention course. Additionally, teacher preparation pathway is important to consider during staffing initiatives because traditional certified teachers associate with higher student outcomes in science intervention courses, though more science intervention courses are taught by alternatively certified teachers.

METODA OBLICZANIA WSKAŹNIKA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA INFORMACJI W MEDIACH SPOŁECZNOŚCIOWYCH Z UWZGLĘDNIENIEM DŁUGOŚCI ŚCIEŻKI MIĘDZY KLIENTAMI

Heterogeneous differential dependencies of the information security indicator (HDISI) in social media (SM) were analyzed, taking into account the duration of the path between clients (UDPC). The resilience of the information security indicator system (RSIIS) was also determined. The HDISI in SM was developed based on UDPC conditions. It uses modern methods and techniques, including a non-specific method. The conditions of a fixed precondition were formed according to the time grid. This dependency provides a comprehensive explanation of how the previous transformation is replaced by the elapsed period. SM is a set of clients and their types of communication. Clients can be individuals, populations, settlements, or countries. Communication is understood as more than just the transmission and receipt of information. It also includes interaction, the exchange of knowledge and expertise, and discussion. Under the angle of mathematics, the HDISI model based on non-homogeneous differential equations (NDE) was analyzed and its transcendental study was done. The transcendental study of nonlinear HDISI models in SM showed that the characteristics of UDPC significantly affect the information security indicator (ISI) - up to one hundred percent. Phase diagrams (PDs) of ISI were studied, which indicate the highest ISI even at the maximum parameters of malicious actions. For the first time, the analysis of designed HDISI structures was carried out and numerical criteria between the capabilities of UDPC and the measures of ISI, as well as the highest ISI, were obtained, which shows the scientific content of this article.

Analysis of CLIL-Related Research in School Settings: A Systematic Review

Background: Content Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an emerging approach in the global educational landscape, and as such, there is a lack of a systematic review of this field. Purpose: To explore CLIL-related scientific publications in school settings around the world. Method: A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines in WoS and Scopus databases. A total of 142 articles published in the period 2018-2022 were analysed according to three types of variables: extrinsic to the scientific process, methodological, and content based. The results of the methodological and content-based variables were contrasted with the portfolio of CLIL evaluation measures and analysed through the lens of the 4Cs framework. Results: The findings revealed that CLIL studies were performed in a wide range of countries across continents. It was the secondary school which drew most scientific interest. Apropos of the methodological variable, there was a balance between qualitative and quantitative studies, and a questionмnaire as a tool was favoured by the researchers. The major scientific interest lay in the communication principle, while cognition was understudied. Conclusions: There was a growing scientific interest in CLIL. Although the major interest laid in linguistic gains, other fields of research transpired. The conclusions provide further agenda for CLIL research.

Impact of the Split Teaching Practice Model on Undergraduate Pre-Service Teachers’ Performance in Science Content Delivery

The study adopted an observational research design to assess the impact of the Split Teaching Practice Model on undergraduate pre-service teachers' performance in science content delivery within classroom settings, without researchers’ intervention. The population consisted of 119 second-year and 102 third-year science education students at Federal University Gusau - Nigeria, engaged in First and Second-phase teaching practice during the 2022/2023 academic session. A convenience sample of 96 pre-service teachers (54 in First-phase, 42 in Second-phase) was obtained. Data collection involved structured classroom observations using instrument tagged Pre-service Teachers' Performance in Science Content Delivery. Validity and reliability of the instrument were established through expert validation and inter-rater reliability assessment, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.86. Four null hypotheses were tested using t-tests, focusing on lesson planning, presentation, class management, and attainment of objectives. The findings of the study revealed that, significant differences in favour of Second-phase pre-service teachers in aspects like sequential presentation, subject matter mastery, instructional materials usage, time management, and student participation. No significant differences were found in lesson introduction and questioning techniques. Second-phase pre-service teachers outperformed in class management and objective attainment. The study recommended continued adoption of the Split Teaching Practice Model, emphasizing refinement and customization to address specific improvement areas through feedback in teacher training institutions.

Social Media Use in Dermatology in Turkey: Challenges and Tips for Patient Health.

Social media has established its place in our daily lives, especially with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has become the leading source of information for dermatological literacy on various topics, ranging from skin diseases to everyday skincare and cosmetic purposes in the present digital era. Accumulated evidence indicates that accurate medical content constitutes only a tiny fraction of the exponentially growing dermatological information on digital platforms, highlighting an unmet patient need for access to evidence-based information on social media. However, there have been no recent local publications from Turkey analyzing and assessing the key elements in raising dermatological literacy and awareness in digital communication for patients. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first collaborative work between health care professionals and a social media specialist in the medical literature. Furthermore, it represents the first author-initiated implementation science attempt focusing on the use of social media in addressing dermatological problems, with the primary end point of increasing health literacy and patient benefits. The multidisciplinary expert panel was formed by 4 dermatologists with academic credentials and significant influence in public health and among patients on digital platforms. A social media specialist, who serves as a guest lecturer on "How social media works" at Istanbul Technical University, Turkey, was invited to the panel as an expert on digital communication. The panel members had a kickoff meeting to establish the context for the discussion points. The context of the advisory board meeting was outlined under 5 headlines. Two weeks later, the panel members presented their social media account statistics, defined the main characteristics of dermatology patients on social media, and discussed their experiences with patients on digital platforms. These discussions were organized under the predefined headlines and in line with the current literature. We aimed to collect expert opinions on identifying the main characteristics of individuals interested in dermatological topics and to provide recommendations to help dermatologists increase evidence-based dermatological content on social media. Additionally, experts discussed paradigms for dermatological outreach and the role of dermatologists in reducing misleading information on digital platforms in Turkey. The main concluding remark of this study is that dermatologists should enhance their social media presence to increase evidence-based knowledge by applying the principles of patient-physician communication on digital platforms while maintaining a professional stance. To achieve this goal, dermatologists should share targeted scientific content after increasing their knowledge about the operational rules of digital channels. This includes correctly identifying the needs of those seeking information on social media and preparing a sustainable social media communication plan. This viewpoint reflects Turkish dermatologists' experiences with individuals searching for dermatological information on local digital platforms; therefore, the applicability of recommendations may be limited and should be carefully considered.

Increasing undergraduate student interpreters’ fluency and accuracy in interpreting STEM content

Interpreters who are skilled in interpreting science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) content fluently and accurately are few and far between. This issue is particularly true at the post-secondary level. Those interpreters who are available often do not have command of the vocabulary needed to interpret more specialized content and rely heavily on letter-for-letter fingerspelling and word-for-word transliteration. This project looked at the knowledge of the principles of fingerspelling on undergraduate student interpreters’ ability to interpret typical introductory biology lecture material accurately and fluently. Research involved modifying a signing bioscience dictionary (SBD), developing life science content summaries, creating videos of fingerspelling principles, and conducting an evaluation. Key findings showed participants’ knowledge of bioscience vocabulary was significantly improved with use of the SBD and that their ability to interpret typical biology lecture material fluently and accurately improved. After watching the videos and learning to apply the principles of fingerspelling, their fingerspelling scores also improved significantly. However, there was no significant improvement in biology content knowledge.

Implementing the Concept of Integration of Science and Islamic Values at Islamic University

The integration of scientific principles within Islamic religious universities governed by the Ministry of Religion is a widespread practice. However, the application of this concept across universities offering programs under the auspices of both the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Religion remains unexplored. This study delineates the framework for integrating scientific knowledge at an Islamic University in Madura, focusing on the execution and assessment of education that amalgamates scientific insights and Islamic values. Employing observational techniques on policy documents and teaching resources of instructors, alongside semi-structured interviews with fifteen educators from the physics, biology, and mathematics departments, this investigation reveals a unique five-pillar knowledge integration concept. These pillars encompass Islam, Indonesia, Islamic Boarding School, Madura, and Aswajaan perspectives. The formal documentation supporting this integration at Madura Islamic University is encapsulated within its Statutes and chancellor's guidelines for curriculum enhancement. Evidence of implementation is observed in instructors' Syllabi and teaching materials, albeit only 53.3% have successfully linked scientific content with Qur'anic verses. The primary challenge identified is the considerable time required to develop materials that effectively integrate Islamic values. Solutions proposed include the creation of a comprehensive guide for integrating the five knowledge pillars and extensive training for all faculty members to facilitate this integration process.

Presencia de las Ciencias Sociales en los currículos de Educación Infantil de Extremadura.

The social sciences are very present in daily life, since knowledge such as geography, history, sociology, etc., has an impact on people's daily lives. In the educational stage of Early Childhood Education, the teaching of historical content is developed through projects that allow students to discover and investigate a certain historical stage. But do these contents related to social sciences really appear in the Early Childhood Education curriculum? This work aims to know how social science content is included in the curriculum of this stage. To this end, the legislation that regulates Early Childhood Education in Extremadura has been analyzed to establish comparisons in the treatment of social sciences within it. The methodology used has been qualitative, and more specifically, a documentary data analysis has been carried out where the last two Early Childhood Education decrees of Extremadura have been analyzed: Decree 4/2008 and Decree 98/2022. The results obtained suggest that in Decree 98/2022 there is more presence of social sciences than in the old Decree 4/2008, although this presence in both decrees is very generic and refers more to processes related to socialization.

A Review-Library Study of Entrepreneurship Opportunities and Challenges

Today, entrepreneur is referred to as tool for depriving people and identifying opportunities as the heart and initiator of entrepreneurship. This article gives a general introduction of entrepreneurship, opportunities and basic challenges in entrepreneurship, and full knowledge and proper use of entrepreneurial opportunities, a tool for economic growth and development, have been proposed. This research has been done by review-library method and citing articles. In the studies about entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs, the question is, what are the opportunities and challenges of entrepreneurship? The findings of the research show the basic opportunities and challenges of entrepreneurship, which include: the existence of abundant human resources, the support of the government and the existence of abundant natural capital opportunities, the absence of specialized human resources, the theoretical nature of the scientific content of educational institutions, and the course of superficial evolution of scientific institutions challenges

Decoding the News Media Diet of Disinformation Spreaders.

In the digital era, information consumption is predominantly channeled through online news media and disseminated on social media platforms. Understanding the complex dynamics of the news media environment and users' habits within the digital ecosystem is a challenging task that requires, at the same time, large databases and accurate methodological approaches. This study contributes to this expanding research landscape by employing network science methodologies and entropic measures to analyze the behavioral patterns of social media users sharing news pieces and dig into the diverse news consumption habits within different online social media user groups. Our analyses reveal that users are more inclined to share news classified as fake when they have previously posted conspiracy or junk science content and vice versa, creating a series of "misinformation hot streaks". To better understand these dynamics, we used three different measures of entropy to gain insights into the news media habits of each user, finding that the patterns of news consumption significantly differ among users when focusing on disinformation spreaders as opposed to accounts sharing reliable or low-risk content. Thanks to these entropic measures, we quantify the variety and the regularity of the news media diet, finding that those disseminating unreliable content exhibit a more varied and, at the same time, a more regular choice of web-domains. This quantitative insight into the nuances of news consumption behaviors exhibited by disinformation spreaders holds the potential to significantly inform the strategic formulation of more robust and adaptive social media moderation policies.

Analysis and characterization of the categorical-conceptual field of the conceptual construction "innovative technologies in the field of physical education and sports"

The article highlights the categorical and conceptual field of the conceptual construction "innovative technologies in the field of physical education and sports", which is the basis for its construction; the characteristics of such concepts as: "technology", "innovation", "innovative activity in the field of education", "educational technology", "innovative educational program", "innovative educational project", "innovative educational product", "innovation cycle", "innovative technologies", "innovative technologies in the field of physical education and sports"; their interrelation and importance for education in general and specialists in the field of physical education, in particular, are presented.
 The analysis, synthesis and generalization of concepts and conceptual constructions of scientific and scientific-methodical literature, state nomenclature documents, as well as such research methods as: comparison, analysis of own long-term pedagogical experience in checking, reviewing qualification works of higher education applicants, including mastering and expert examination of dissertations, it was found that most higher education applicants do not pay due attention to the acquisition of special terminology during their studies in higher education, do not refer to the legislative and regulatory framework. At the same time, special terminology is always related to the content of a particular science, theory and practice of a particular field.
 It is noted that special terminology, including terminology in the field of physical education and sports, is an urgent necessity, the basis of professional communication, which requires in-depth knowledge, continuous development and improvement from specialists.
 It is emphasized that a clear understanding and correct use of the concepts and conceptual constructions mentioned in the article will allow specialists in the field of physical education and sports to correctly direct their efforts towards the development and implementation of innovative technologies in the theory and practice of physical education and sports, as well as contribute to improving the quality of their research work.

Development of a Website for Disseminating Knowledge About listening Effort for Professionals.

Introduction Permanent education in health aims to ensure that professionals are constantly learning in the workplace and in the last few years institutions resorted to the technology-mediated education modality and new teaching possibilities were explored. In Brazil, between 2017 and 2021, only six articles and five monographs were published about listening effort. Objective The objective of this study was to develop a website with scientific content on the topic listening effort for Speech -Language Therapist and Audiologist with free online access. Methods The study was carried out in five stages: Analysis, contemplating the search for scientific materials to prepare the material. Design, in which the writing and design of the website was carried out. Development, carrying out the adequacy of the online material. Implementation, a stage in which professionals in the area evaluated the quality of the material after consenting to participation through a free and informed consent term. Review, stage in which the researcher analyzed the evaluators' responses. Results The five stages of elaboration of the website were carried out, which was evaluated by professionals in the area. The average of responses to all applied questions rated the website as "superior". Conclusion The website development was validated for online availability.

Reading Comprehension Skills of Scientific Texts with Natural Sciences Content of Junior High School (SMP) Students in Magelang City

Reading Comprehension Skills of Scientific Texts with Natural Sciences Content of Junior High School (SMP) Students in Magelang City

A bibliometric review of Islamic economics and finance bibliometric papers: an overview of the future of Islamic economics and finance

Purpose Given the overlapping themes and periods in specific subjects within Islamic economics and finance bibliometric research, which may yield similar findings in bibliometric studies, it is essential to document the growth of Islamic economic and financial research using bibliometric methodologies. This study aims to understand better the critical bibliometric review trends and scientific advancements in Islamic economics and finance. Design/methodology/approach This study uses bibliometric analysis, collecting 46 Islamic economics bibliometric papers from the Web of Science Core Collection from 1975 to 2022. The authors generated top scientific scholars, keyword analysis, citation analysis, content analysis and conclusions for journal development using R Biblioshiny, VOSviewer, ATLAS.ti and Excel. Findings This study has established a comprehensive bibliometric framework for Islamic economics and finance bibliometric papers, encompassing all critical areas within the discipline and identifying any remaining research gaps. The major significant areas revealed were Islamic social finance and microfinance concerns, which are closely pertinent to the issues of ethics, corporate social responsibility and sustainability, respectively. The authors also identified opportunities for future bibliometric analyses in Islamic economics and finance, which include using more comprehensive databases, refining or broadening search strategies, using advanced techniques and units of analysis and suggesting themes for further exploration. Research limitations/implications The study relies merely on the Web of Science Core Collection database, which provides the most in-depth citations by source for the world’s scientific and scholarly research. Future research may consider expanding its scope to include other databases for a broader range of sources. Furthermore, due to the rise of bibliometric studies in Islamic economics and finance, this study also comments on the saturation of bibliometric studies conducted in several similar areas. While researchers bring their unique analytical perspectives to bibliometrics, this study provides a comprehensive view of existing research in Islamic economics and finance, highlighting well-explored topics and those that remain less studied. Thus, this could assist researchers in determining their future research priorities. Practical implications Policymakers in Islamic financial and economic institutions, including banking institutions, social, financial institutions and halal institutions, should be impacted by this research when making policies or conducting research. The viability of the current Islamic economic and financial ecosystem will be indirectly maintained and managed by these implications. Social implications This comprehensive meta-analysis in Islamic economics and finance is expected to impact the development and sustainability of the Islamic economic and financial ecosystem, promoting societal welfare through applying Islamic economics and finance. Originality/value This pioneering bibliometric analysis of Islamic economics and finance papers aims to offer insights and projections for future research in the field. This research contributes to the literature by examining various aspects, including evaluating literature on trending topics, analyzing papers related to research areas and conducting content analysis of existing bibliometric studies in Islamic economics and finance. It specifically groups these studies around fundamental topics, summarizes findings from contemporary research and identifies emerging research gaps.

Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Alam Kabupaten Lebong: Sumber Daya Pangan Rebung Bambu sebagai Bahan Baku Utama Pembuatan Lemea (Makanan Tradisional Kabupaten Lebong)

This research aimed to determine the use of natural resources as food in Lebong Regency which can later be used as a learning resource for students in science learning. This research uses a survey method conducted in Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. The data collection technique used was interviews with the people of Lebong Regency and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Lebong Regency regarding natural resources and their use. Data obtained from interviews were analyzed descriptively. The results of the research show that the people of Lebong Regency utilize natural resources, namely bamboo which is used as the main raw material in making lemea (a traditional food of the Rejang Tribe in Lebong Regency). The bamboo used in the process of making Lemea is a type of ship bamboo. The part of bamboo used in the process of making Lemea is bamboo shoots (young bamboo shoots). Lemea is a typical food of the Rejang tribe in Bengkulu Province where the main ingredient of lemea is chopped fermented bamboo shoots (young bamboo). The ingredients for the lemea mixture vary from region to region, some use river fish, red chilies, bay leaves and lemongrass. The science content that students can learn in this Lemea product is fermentation in biotechnology material. Keywords: Bamboo, Lebong, Lemea, Bamboo Shoots, Natural Resources

Which factors contribute to standardized test scores for prospective general science teachers: an analysis of the PraxisⓇ general science content knowledge test

Effective science instruction and associated student learning is reliant upon a strong foundation of teacher content knowledge. This study of the PraxisⓇ General Science Content Knowledge Test from May 2006 to June 2016 investigates content knowledge of 28,688 general science teacher candidates. Examinees performed well on Life Science topics while Earth & Space Science was identified as an area in need of support. Analysis of the assessment revealed differences in achievement associated with undergraduate major, gender, and ethnicity. Test-takers with STEM majors demonstrated stronger content knowledge than their out-of-field counterparts, that men outperformed women in the study, and White test-takers lost fewer scaled points than Black and Hispanic candidates. To strengthen recruitment and retention efforts, recommendations include reviewing our findings for alignment with state standards. This will facilitate development of comprehensive content knowledge professional learning experiences that will be used as an anchor for focused support on those topics where test-takers tend to demonstrate lowest proficiency.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. The papers were reviewed for the scientific content, the novelty of the informations, language correctness and the paper format.1. Type of peer review: Double anonymous2. Conference submission management system: Morressier3. Number of submissions received: 1094. Number of submissions sent for review: 1025. Number of submissions accepted: 556. Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 50.4 %7. Average number of reviews per paper: 2.008. Total number of reviewers involved: 359. Contact person for queries:Name: Dinu COVACIUAffiliation: Transilvania University of Brasov, RomaniaEmail: dinu.covaciu@unitbv.ro

BASECOL2023 scientific content

Context. The global context of making numerous data produced by researchers available requires collecting and organising the data, assigning meaningful metadata, and presenting the data in a meaningful and homogeneous way. The BASECOL database, which collects inelastic rate coefficients for application to the interstellar medium and to circumstellar and cometary atmospheres, meets those requirements. Aims. We aim to present the scientific content of the BASECOL2023 edition. Methods. While the previous versions relied on finding rate coefficients in the literature, the current version is populated with published results sent by the producers of data. The paper presents the database, the type of data that can be found, the type of metadata that are used, and the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) standards that are used for the metadata. Finally, we present the different datasets species by species. Results. As the BASECOL database, interconnected with the VAMDC e-infrastructure, uses the VAMDC standards, the collisional data can be extracted with tools using VAMDC standards and can be associated with spectroscopic data extracted from other VAMDC connected databases such as the Cologne database for molecular spectroscopy (CDMS), the jet propulsion laboratory molecular spectroscopy database (JPL), and the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN).

Challenging the Sacred: The Law of Doubting the Authenticity of the Quran in the Perspective of the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council

This article aims to analyse the law of doubting the authenticity of the Quran from the perspective of the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council. The urgency of this research is to revisit the sacredness of the Quran as an answer to the criticism of the challengers. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Primary data through Q.S. Al-Hijr verse nine, and Q.S. Al-Baqarah as Naqli arguments and Aqli arguments referring to MUI Fatwa as core data. Secondary data in the form of scientific articles and books of interpretation. Data analysis techniques using the Tahlili interpretation method and content analysis. The results showed that at the level of Naqli's arguments, the authenticity of the Quran is undeniable because the literature says there is no doubt in the Quran, and Allah maintains its authenticity. This is the reason why the content of the Quran remains the same despite the efforts of those who want to falsify it. Authenticity at the level of Aqli evidence is the consistency of the Quran's language and structure, accurate scientific content, predictions, and prophecies that prove accurate, ethical, and aesthetics of the message that contains moral values.

Content Coverage as a Persistent Exclusionary Practice: Investigating Perspectives of Health Professionals on the Influence of Undergraduate Coursework.

STEM undergraduates navigate lengthy sequences of prerequisite courses covering volumes of science content. Given that these courses may contribute to attrition and equity gaps in STEM, research is needed to test the assumption that prerequisite content benefits students in their future studies and careers. We investigated the relevance of prerequisite course content for students' careers through semistructured interviews with practicing nurses regarding their undergraduate anatomy and physiology (A&P) courses. Nurses reported that A&P content does not align with the skills and knowledge needed in the nursing profession. Interviewees averaged 39% on a brief A&P assessment, suggesting A&P prerequisites failed to impart a high degree of long-term A&P knowledge among nurses. Further, practicing nurses perceived overcommitment to A&P content coverage as an exclusionary practice that eliminates capable individuals from the prenursing pathway. These findings challenge assumptions surrounding the justification for prerequisite course content and raise questions of whether content expectations actively exclude individuals from STEM or healthcare careers. We aspire for this study to stimulate conversation and research about the goals of prerequisite content, who is best positioned to articulate prerequisite content objectives, and the influence of content coverage on equity and justice in undergraduate STEM education.