Scientific Connotation Research Articles

Development of an UHPLC-MS/MS method for comparative pharmacokinetics of nine anthraquinones in rats and application to dosage conversion between different Semen Cassiae forms

Semen Cassiae, called Juemingzi in Chinese, is widely used in clinic for alleviating constipation, improving eyesight and preventing hyperlipidemia. It can be used as medicine or food including many application forms, such as traditional pieces and ultrafine granular powder (UGP).In this paper, comparative pharmacokinetics of Semen Cassiae in different forms of traditional pieces and UGP were achieved to research the clinical dosage of UGP. Also, the scientific connotation of brewing way for traditional pieces of Semen Cassiae application in clinic was revealed. To achieve this purpose, a rapid, sensitive and reliable UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, aurantio-obtusin, chryso-obtusin, obtusifolin and obtusin in rat plasma. Multiple reaction monitoring mode via an electrospray ionization was applied for the quantitation of the analytes. The separation was carried out on an Agilent Extend-C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with an 8.0 min gradient elution using ultra-purify water and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The development and validation of bioanalytical method were performed according to the latest “Bioanalytical Method Validation: Guidance for Industry” issued by FDA in 2018. Finally, the clinical dosage of UGP was concluded to be 1/4 of Semen Cassiae traditional pieces in oral administration way by comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters of UGP to that of traditional pieces in the aspect of mathematical statics using plus of AUC values.

Time’s arrow in stochastic characterization and simulation of atmospheric and hydrological processes

ABSTRACTTime’s arrow has important philosophical, scientific and technical connotations and is closely related to randomness as well as to causality. Stochastics offers a frame to explore, characterize and simulate irreversibility in natural processes. Indicators of irreversibility are different if we study a single process alone, or more processes simultaneously. In the former case, description of irreversibility requires at least third-order properties, while in the latter lagged second-order properties may suffice to reveal causal relations. Several examined data sets indicate that in atmospheric processes irreversibility is negligible at hydrologically relevant time scales, but may appear at the finest scales. However, the irreversibility of streamflow is marked for scales of several days and this highlights the need to reproduce it in flood simulations. For this reason, two methods of generating time series with irreversibility are developed, from which one, based on an asymmetric moving average scheme, proves to be satisfactory.

The Chinese herbal formulae (Yitangkang) exerts an antidiabetic effect through the regulation of substance metabolism and energy metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) regarded as a “hot” disease in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Accordingly, TCM uses a cold drug or formula such as the Chinese herbal formulae “Yitangkang” (YTK) as a treatment. YTK exhibited a good clinical antidiabetic effect in several experiments. The correlation between the properties of a TCM drug or formula and its ability to regulate the substance metabolism, the energy metabolism and the endocrine system has been proven. Aim of the studyThe present study aiming to evaluate the mechanism of antidiabetic action of YTK from the above perspective. Materials and methodsThree groups of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats have been treated with YTK at oral doses of 56 g/kg/d, 28 g/kg/d and 14 g/kg/d for 28 days using metformin as a reference drug. After treatment, several indices correlated with energy metabolism (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, lactic dehydrogenase, adenotriphos, creatine phosphate kinase, AMPK, Na+-K+-ATPase and Respiratory Chain Complex I, II, III, IV), substance metabolism (hepatic glycogen, acetyl-coenzyme A, pyruvic acid, adipose triglyceride lipase, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, malonyldialdehyde), endocrine system (triiodothyronine, thyroxine, 17-hydroxycorticosteroid) and cyclic nucleotide system (cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic guanosine monophosphate) have been determined. The specialty and tendency of YTK's effects were analyzed to elucidate its property and mechanism of action according to the theory of TCM. ResultsOur findings showed that the formulae YTK could effectively regulate the levels of blood glucose, HbA1c, glucagon-like peptide-1, and significantly down-regulate the substance metabolism, energy metabolism and endocrine system indices of the diabetic rats. ConclusionThese results were consistent with the TCM description of YTK as a “cold” treatment. It could provide an effective way to interpret the scientific connotation and comprehensive system of the Chinese herbal formulae.

Study on function evaluation of health food containing Chinese materia medica based on data mining

Homology of medicine and food is an important content in Chinese medicine and also works as the basis for guiding the development of compound health food containing Chinese materia medica. The top products,supplements,health care prescriptions,and medicinal meals in traditional herbal texts are the theoretical treasures of Chinese medicine compound health foods. With the implementation of the National Healthy China 2030,China's major health industry faces with tremendous opportunities. It is necessary to develop a batch of compound health food containing Chinese materia medica with Chinese medicine characteristics,in line with the needs of the country and society. Domestic research on compound health food containing Chinese materia medica mainly focuses on the extraction of functional components,preparation molding processes,quality standards,and efficacy evaluation. However,there are still some deficiencies in the related characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory and function,evaluation criteria of efficacy and safety,new product R&D evaluation system and R&D platform. Based on a large number of previous studies by this laboratory,the views in nature,flavor and efficacy relationship were put forward in this paper. Based on the establishment of the Chinese medicine function-pharmacology-clinical application database system,the Chinese medicine compatibility database system,the Chinese medicine nature and flavor modern research database system,and the evaluation platform for animal models of Chinese medicine; the efficacy study,safety evaluation system,new product research and development evaluation system as well as research and development platform were established,providing a basis for the development and evaluation of compound health food containing Chinese materia medica. The modern scientific connotation of the core efficacy of compound health food containing Chinese materia medica was explained as well,helpful to promote the research and development of compound health food containing Chinese materia medica and play an important role in general health.

TCM chemical biology--emerging interdiscipline of "TCM chemistry" and "biology"

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a research area with highly original innovation features,and is also a Chinese name card to the world. However,TCM owns a unique theoretical system which is quite different from western modern medicine,leading to an awkward situation of deficient modern social identity as well as poor international spread. Therefore,how to establish a research strategy in line with the characteristics of TCM itself to systematically interpret the unique scientific connotation of TCM is always a public hot topic. Based on persistent practical exploration and scientific consideration in TCM,our group firstly promoted the concept of traditional Chinese medicine chemical biology(TCM chemical biology,TCMCB). The major idea of TCMCB is to clarify the nature of TCM regulating life progress to link TCM to modern medicine by using TCM components as chemical tools. Notably,TCMCB mainly focuses on TCM target identification and TCM-guided disease molecular mechanism exploration,further to clarify the basic law of TCM mediating disease process. Finally,TCMCB-guided scientific studies can help explain TCM theory and promote the developmentof modern innovative drugs based on identified targets using TCM active components. Moreover,TCMCB is of vital importance for investigating the scientific nature of biological progress and the pattern of disease occurrence and development,indicating a key significance for modern life science and medicine. This review introduces the definition of TCMCB as well as its academic thought,research method,technology system and scientific significance,for providing new research ideas and scientific thoughts for TCM development.

Regional economic development coordination management system based on fuzzy hierarchical statistical model

In view of the problems existing in the evaluation index selection and whether the evaluation method is too simple to evaluate the coordinated development of regional economy. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the definition of the coordinated development of regional economy, this paper discusses the definition of the scientific connotation of the coordinated development of regional economy and puts forward three evaluation indexes for coordinated development of regional economy (the degree of regional economic integration, the degree of regional economic development gap, and the speed of regional economic development). In view of the diversity of evaluation factors and the fuzziness of the relationship between evaluation indexes, this paper uses the fuzzy classification statistical model to evaluate the coordinated development of regional economy and established a regional economic development coordination management system based on fuzzy hierarchical statistical model to evaluate the degree of regional economic coordinated development. Finally, the eastern region and the central and western regions are taken as the object of study. The analysis results show that the conclusion drawn from the model is basically consistent with the actual situation in China. This model can effectively manage the coordinated development of regional economy in China.

The Theoretical Logic, Scientific Connotation and Realization Path of the Rural Revitalization Strategy

This paper analyzes the theoretical logic, scientific connotation and realization path of the rural revitalization strategy in China. The methods include literature survey method, observation method, speculative method, behavioral research method, historical research method, conceptual analysis method and comparative research method. The result shows that the rural revitalization strategy is a new strategy, deployment and requirement for the Party Central Committee’s “Three Rural” work in the new era, with “strategy” as its core, “revitalization” as its key, and “rural” as its target. The conclusion shows that it is necessary to fully understand the essence, general requirements, main objectives and contents of this strategy. To implement this strategy, it is necessary to adhere to the top-level design and well design these strategic plans. to strengthen the system supply and promote the building of the “Five-sphere Integrated Plan”. It requires to do more to advance supply-side structural reform in agriculture and work faster to achieve agricultural and rural modernization. It is essential to ensure the principal status of the people and to rely on and serve the rural population. China should grasp the core elements of “people”, “land” and “money”, and promote steady growth of the rural revitalization strategy.

生态保护与修复理论和技术国外研究进展

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 生态保护与修复理论和技术国外研究进展 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201906031177 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: “十三五”国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0501108，2017YFC0505904） Research progress on the theory and technology of ecological protection and restoration abroad Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: The National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:人类进入的21世纪，是一个人类真正需要进行生态反思的世纪。反思我们与自然的关系，反思我们与地球生命支持系统中植物、动物、抑或微生物的关系，反思我们与地球环境保障系统中的江河湖海、山川大地、森林草原、城镇乡村的关系。地球生物圈尚存的完整自然生态系统愈来愈少，人类未来生存、发展及适应全球变化的珍贵缓冲区（buffers）正快速萎缩，地球表面随处可见的3D系统（degraded，damaged and destroyed ecosystems）正快速增加，人类生命支撑系统中最为重要的生物多样性也正以前所未有的速度丧失，人类生存与发展之基失稳，亟待从生态保护理念出发，探索生态技术解决方案。在辨析生态、生态保护与生态修复内涵的基础上，基于文献计量学方法，以生态保护（ecological protection）和生态修复（ecological restoration）为主题词在Web of Science上检索了生态保护与生态修复近70年发文量及国际主流杂志发文量，分析了生态系统退化机制及驱动力，总结了国外生态保护与生态修复所依托的先进理论和技术方法，以期为我国生态系统保护与退化生态系统修复提供一定的理论指导。 Abstract:The 21st century is a century in which mankind really needs ecological reflections. Rethinking on our relationship with nature, rethinking on our relationship with plants, animals, or microorganisms in the planet's life supporting systems, rethinking on our relationship with damaged mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands, towns and villages in the earth's environment supporting systems. At present, the integrated natural ecosystems in the earth's biosphere are becoming less and less, and the precious buffers for mankind's future survival, development and adaptation to global change are shrinking rapidly. Additionally, the number of the 3D systems (degraded, damaged and destroyed ecosystems) that can be seen everywhere on the earth's surface is increasing dramatically and the most important biodiversity in the supporting system of human life is falling at an unprecedented rate, and the foundation of human survival and development is unstable, so it is urgent for us to start from the concept of ecological protection and explore ecological technological solutions. Based on the scientific connotation of ecology, ecological protection and ecological restoration, and the bibliometric method, this paper searched the related articles and the publications of international mainstream magazines with the theme of ‘ecological protection’, and ‘ecological restoration’ in past 70 years on Web of Science, analyzed the ecosystem degradation mechanism and driving force, and summarized the advanced theories and techniques of ecological protection and ecological restoration abroad, which would provide some theoretical guidance for protection of fragile ecosystems and restoration of degraded ecosystems in China. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine processing based on component structure theory

Processing is the main characteristic of the products used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and this is how they differ from natural medicines. The characteristics of the medicines used in TCM have rich scientific connotations. Because of the complexity and diversity of TCM, the processing mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In recent years, the theory of component structure has been put forward and applied to guide TCM research, resulting in substantial progress. This paper presents a systematic review of mechanism research in TCM processing. It can be used as a reference of the ideas and methods of component structure theory for studying component content changes caused by processing, for studying in vivo changes in components caused by processing, for studying the effects and toxicity changes in components caused by processing, for studying metabolic changes of components caused by processing, and for developing component structure theory in the study of the mechanism of TCM processing. Combining component structure theory with various new methods and technologies will enable better understanding of the processing mechanisms of TCM and speed up the modernization of TCM.

The scientific connotation of oil and gas formations under deep fluids and organic-inorganic interaction

As a relatively stable craton block in the earth system, the petroliferous basin is influenced by the evolution of the earth system from the early development environment of source rocks, hydrocarbon formation, and reservoir dissolution to hydrocarbon accumulation or destruction. As a link between the internal and external factors of the basin, deep fluids run through the whole process of hydrocarbon formation and accumulation through organic-inorganic interaction. The nutrients carried by deep fluids promote the bloom of hydrocarbon-generating organisms and extra addition of carbon and hydrogen source, which are beneficial to the development of high-quality source rock and enhancement of the hydrocarbon generation potential. The energy carried by the deep fluid promotes the early maturation of the source rock and facilitates the hydrocarbon generation by activation and hydrogenation in high-mature hydrocarbon sources. The dissolution alteration of carbonate rocks and clastic reservoirs by CO2-rich deep fluids improves the deep reservoir space, thus extending the oil and gas reservoir space into greater depth. The extraction of deeply retained crude oil by deep supercritical CO2 and the displacement of CH4 in shale have both improved the hydrocarbon fluidity in deep and tight reservoirs. Simultaneously, the energy and material carried by deep fluids (C, H, and catalytic substances) not only induce inorganic CH4 formation by Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis and “hydrothermal petroleum” generation from organic matter by thermal activity but also cause the hydrothermal alteration of crude oil from organic sources. Therefore, from the perspective of the interaction of the earth’s sphere, deep fluids not only input a significant amount of exogenous C and H into sedimentary basins but also improve the reservoir space for oil and gas, as well as their enrichment and accumulation efficiencies.

Generalized science of Chinese material medica-from preventive treatment of disease to Chinese medicine health industry

Based on the systematic summary of the results of the fourth general survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the cultivation of large varieties of Chinese material medica and the latest research on health industrial development, the novel concepts and scientific connotations of generalized science of Chinese material medica are put forward, and the basic ideas and methods of a new Chinese medicine academic system, the cultivation system of large varieties of Chinese medicinal materials and the application system of the large health industry are constructed. This kind of generalized science of Chinese material medica, rooted in the traditional Chinese culture and the theory of "preventive treatment of disease", can avoid the narrow prospect induced by the increasing specialization and refinement of knowledge of science of Chinese material medica. It will play an important role in the modernization, industrialization, internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine.

The art of “Talli” as an innovative source for furniture supplements fabrics printing designs

Handicrafts or inherited popular industries have a distinctive quality in artistic creation fields and play a heroic role in the survival of peoples by maintaining their cultural and civilizational identity of melting in the world of globalization. Such handicrafts possess their own units, elements and symbols which feature and express them over ages. They have their history, importance and scientific connotations which make them recognizable. Thus, embroidery is one of the most traditional popular arts in Upper Egypt, particularly Assiut, being well known of it for more than 300 years. It is one of the most popular, original and national hereditary arts which should be maintained and studied in order to be a rich source for textile imprints. To that end, this paper should be used while conducting design trials on fabric imprints for furniture compliments, benefiting from the "art of tulle"; an inherited handicraft which carries numerous aesthetic and technical aspects. This could be applied by using the technique of "foil imprinting" which renders quicker, more saving and precise results. The research adopts this methodology through making a descriptive analysis to the elements of the tulle art and conducting design trials to largely manipulate them in the fabrics of furniture compliments. Many trials were made accompanied by an artistic analysis and followed by the proposed functional models then the revision, outcome and recommendations of this research.

Effect of Angelica polysaccharide on brain senescence of Nestin-GFP mice induced by D-galactose

The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is severely increasing with the aging. It has been proposed that NSCs (neural stem cells) help to control aging, but the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Angelica polysaccharide is an active ingredient of Angelica sinensis in traditional Chinese medicine, which possesses versatile pharmacological activities including anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects. In this study, D-gal (D-galactose) was used to construct an aging model of Nestin-GFP transgenic mice brain tissues and NSCs. Mouse model was subcutaneously injected with D-gal, as we observed that mice consistently displayed acceleration of aging-like behavior change, energy metabolism decreased, the expression of aging-related genes was up-regulated. Conversely, aging retardation was achieved in Nestin-GFP mice Induced by D-gal that was locally injected with ASP (Angelica polysaccharide). Mechanistically, we isolated and cultured NSCs in vitro. ASP protected NSCs by increasing the cell proliferation; decreasing the number of SA-β-gal stained neurons; increasing the activity of SOD(superoxide dismutase) and T-AOC(total antioxidant capacity), decreasing the content of MDA(malondialdehyde); decreasing the levels of IL-1b,IL-6,TNF-a and ROS; and down-regulated the expression of cellular senescence associated genes p53, p21 in the aging NSCs. In conclusion, ASP can delay aging speed by protecting NSCs and promote neurogenesis by enhancing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, up-regulation of p53/p21 signaling pathway. As to provide theoretical basis for treatment for brain aging related diseases, add new scientific connotation for “qi and blood theory” and “supplement blood and delay aging” of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Metabonomics study on hepatoprotective effect of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (SCF) on CCl₄-induced liver injury, observe its effect on serum metabolites, explore its scientific connotation in liver preservation and find the biomarkers for hepatoprotective effect of SCF. Liver injury model was established by using CCl₄. The pathological sections of liver tissues were observed and the contents of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum were determined. The metabolic skills were adopted based on ultra performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for screening and identification of biomarkers related to liver injury. The results showed the metabolites in blank group, model group and administration group could be easily distinguished, 50 differential compounds were identified and 7 possible metabolic pathways of liver protection were enriched. In this experiment, the hepatoprotective effect of SCF was verified, and the related metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism, vitamin metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism were discussed.

Does the Agreeableness of Employees Reduce the Overall Salary Level? An Empirical Research in the Context of the Chinese Culture and Organizations

Cornell University’s survey of U.S. organizations in 2016 showed that the compensations of agreeable employees were 18% lower than those of the spontaneous” ones. The research that employee personality traits influence their salary levels is merely in Europe and the United States currently and directs to European and American organizations and cultural contexts. In the existing studies, on the one hand, the measurement of pay is economic pay and there are no total rewards to research; on the other hand, how the conclusion drawn from the Western culture and the organizational context adapts to the Chinese culture and organizations, and what is the relationship between employee’s agreeableness and salary levels in the context of the Chinese culture and organizations, domestic and foreign scholars are still relatively lacking in research. Therefore, different from the Western culture, whether the findings of Cornell University are consistent with the organizational context of traditional Chinese culture and can confirm the Chinese saying the honest people suffer more, the squeaking wheel gets the oil” is a scientific question worth exploring. Based on the existing research, combining the Chinese culture and the organizational context, the paper combs the scientific connotation of agreeableness and total rewards, establishes a theoretical model of the relationship between them, and uses the NEO-PIR scale and the U.S. compensation association for comprehensive compensation. The questionnaire is designed by using the NEO-PIR scale and the total rewards defined by the WorldatWork. The questionnaire survey is conducted on a sample of 1, 486 employees in state-owned enterprises and private-owned enterprises in China. On the basis of reliability and validity analyses, the data are statistically analyzed by using correlation and multiple regression analyses. The analysis results show that agreeableness will reduce the overall salary level of employees. But different from Western context of organizations, the employee agreeableness and total rewards are not completely negatively correlated in Chinese organizational context, while the agreeableness is negatively related to monetary payoff and has no correlation with benefits. Furthermore, agreeableness is negatively related to learning and development, and positively related to the work environment. Modesty, altruism and tender mindedness are the important factors that affect monetary payoff, and compliance, straight forwardness and altruism are critical variables that affect non-monetary compensation. Based on the above conclusions, the article proposes management practice implications from two aspects of employees and organizations: employees need to make good use of expectation management” and clearly define their core competencies and capability boundaries to break through the adverse effects of agreeableness on their total rewards; organizations should combine humanization” and dehumanization” to rationally and comprehensively measure the abilities and performance of agreeable employees, and effectively exert the cultural essence of Chinese harmony” to integrate the values and create a harmonious working environment, effectively exerting the advantages of different personality traits of staff to truly let Lei Feng not lose out”.

Materiamedica literature study on medicinal properties and utility of four kinds of Alpinia Chinese medicines

In order to explore the correlation between the medicinal properties，efficacy and application in the same genetic relationship，explain the scientific connotation of the medicinal properties and effects of traditional Chinese medicines(TCM)，promote the academic development of the theory of traditional Chinese medicines，and provide reference for the research and development of the traditional Chinese medicines of a same genus. In this paper, a literature study of ancient and modern works of Chinese herbal medicine was conducted to investigate the correlation between the properties, meridians tropism, efficacy and application of Alpinia officinarum， A. katsumadai， Galangae Fructus and Alpinae Oxyphyllae Fructus, four kinds of Alpinia Chinese medicines．The results showed that the similar properties of these four kinds of Alpinia Chinese medicines included that they were acrid, warm,and mainly getting into the spleen and stomach channels; the similar efficacies included that dispelling cold，relieving pain，warming stomach，anti-nausea，anti-diarrheal，reinforcing spleen to promote digestion and other effects; in application aspects, the similarities were that they were all mainly used in treatment of catching cold or spleen deficiency induced by abdominal pain，vomiting，diarrhea,diet indigestion, etc. indicating that phylogenetic relationship was closely related with the herbal properties, efficacy and application. It is an effective way to explore，collate and research traditional Chinese medicine by using plant phylogenetic relationships in exploring the internal relations and laws of TCM theories，material bases, pharmacological effects and clinical applications, also with a strong maneuverability to explain their scientific connotation.

ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of processed Euphorbia lathyris L. for reducing the intestinal toxicity

BackgroundEuphorbia lathyris L., a Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is commonly used for the treatment of hydropsy, ascites, constipation, amenorrhea, and scabies. Semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum, which is another type of Euphorbia lathyris that is commonly used in TCM practice and is obtained by removing the oil from the seed that is called paozhi, has been known to ease diarrhea. Whereas, the mechanisms of reducing intestinal toxicity have not been clearly investigated yet.MethodsIn this study, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) in combination with the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomic method was applied to investigate the effects of Euphorbia lathyris L. on the protein expression involved in intestinal metabolism, in order to illustrate the potential attenuated mechanism of Euphorbia lathyris L. processing. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the intestine after treated with Semen Euphorbiae (SE), Semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum (SEP) and Euphorbiae Factor 1 (EFL1) were identified. The bioinformatics analysis including GO analysis, pathway analysis, and network analysis were done to analyze the key metabolic pathways underlying the attenuation mechanism through protein network in diarrhea. Western blot were performed to validate selected protein and the related pathways.ResultsA number of differentially expressed proteins that may be associated with intestinal inflammation were identified. They mainly constituted by part of the cell. The expression sites of them located within cells and organelles. G protein and Eph/Ephrin signal pathway were controlled jointly by SEP and SE. After processing, the extraction of SEP were mainly reflected in the process of cytoskeleton, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that SE induced an inflammatory response, and activated the Interleukin signaling pathway, such as the Ang/Tie 2 and JAK2/ STAT signaling pathways, which may eventually contribute to injury result from intestinal inflammatory, while SEP could alleviate this injury by down-regulating STAT1 and activating Ang-4 that might reduce the inflammatory response. Our results demonstrated the importance of Ang-4 and STAT1 expression, which are the target proteins in the attenuated of SE after processing based on proteomic investigation. Thus iTRAQ might be a novel candidate method to study scientific connotation of hypothesis that the attenuated of SE after processing expressed lower toxicity from cellular levels.

Illumination on "Reserving Phloem and Discarding Xylem" and Quality Evaluation of Radix polygalae by Determining Oligosaccharide Esters, Saponins, and Xanthones.

The root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. or Polygala sibirica L. exhibits protective effects on the central nervous system and is frequently used to treat insomnia, amnesia, and other cognitive dysfunction. In our study, we studied nine bioactive compounds spanning oligosaccharide esters, saponins, and xanthones by using a sensitive, efficient, and validated method established on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The quantified result of interesting compounds proved that accumulation of those compounds were found in phloem rather than in xylem. By taking the standardized result of nine compound contents into account, the “Spider-web” analytical result of xylem and phloem from Radix polygalae (RP) unveiled the rationality of RP’s classical use in clinic including discarding the xylem and reserving the phloem. Moreover, the remarkable variation was also revealed from the quantitative result of 45 samples with different diameters from the different origins, which did not significantly correlate with the variation of RP’s diameter. Our study could shed the light on the quality assessment of RP for further research and illustrate the scientific connotation of the processing method of “discarding the xylem and reserving the phloem”.

Explore compatibility mechanism of Xingnaojing injection in treating cerebral infarction based on network pharmacology

This paper aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of Xingnaojing injection and its scientific connotation of compatibility mechanism from a new perspective on bioinformatics and network biology. Based on the analysis function of intergrative pharmacology platform V1.0, the compatibility mechanism of this prescription was investigated by constructing the herbs-compounds-targets network. Seven hundreds and ninety-five targets from the prescription were screened out, then 302 hub nodes were included in drug targets-disease targets network. Enrichment analysis showed that it was related to MAPK cascade, negative/positive regulation of apoptotic process and other biological functions as well as PI3K/AKT, neurotrophin and other signal pathways. The target functions of different drugs were similar, complementing each other, and belonging to the common signaling pathway with asynergistic effect. Based on analysis of core components-key targets-main pathway network, among totally 25 core components and 29 key targets, musk had 15 and 25 respectively.SLC1A2, AR, PGR, CAT, NMDA receptors and other targets were associated with cerebral infarction. Musk, gardenia and borneol compatibility can play a bidirectional regulation of apoptosis; musk and gardenia showed synergistic effect on Ras signaling pathway, indicating that musk was the main ingredient of the injection and the other three drugs played the role of assistance. This study could not only provide the bioinformatics support in compatibility mechanism of Xingnaojing injection, but also provide theoretical support for its formula rationality.

Four Dimensional Exploration of National Flag Culture in Colleges and Universities

The national flag culture contains the scientific connotation and noble symbol significance, which is the full expression of national spirit and national integrity that can arouse people's patriotic enthusiasm and strengthen its cultural consciousness of the people. By using the four dimensional approaches such as carrying forward the national spirit and culture of the flag, enriching the flag’s material culture, perfecting the flag system culture and animating the national flag’s behavior culture, college workers can comprehensively promote the national flag culture into college campus, strengthen college students' national consciousness and national emotion in theory and practice. They play a leading role in the development of colleges and universities as well as personnel training so as to achieve the purpose of national flag culture into college campus.