Scientific Capabilities Research Articles

ANALYZING THE ROLE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE IN SHAPING MODERN ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES. BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

The application of computer science in management and economics is a rapidly growing field that combines the analytical and technological capabilities of computer science with the strategic and operational needs of management and economics. The main aim of this research paper is to analyze the main academic contributors, sources, and international collaborations from 2014 to 2022 in computer science in the areas of management and economics, as well as to analyze the main subtopics developed over time. Bibliometric techniques were used to carry out the literature review, which allows an objective analysis of the academic literature through quantitative indicators. The results reveal a significant shift towards data-driven decision making in management, with artificial intelligence and machine learning improving predictive analytics, operational efficiency, and economic forecasting and modeling, highlighting the essential role of digital transformation in these disciplines, with significant implications for researchers, practitioners and decision-makers. It concludes that all stakeholders should work to develop a more informed and innovative approach to maximize the exploitation of the potential offered by computational sciences in different contexts. This includes the integration of advanced computational tools to improve decision making and operational efficiency, or the exploitation of computational models for more effective forecasting and policy decision making, as well as the continuous analysis of emerging areas in this field, being aware of the ethical, privacy and security challenges presented by these technologies, in order to ensure a responsible and equitable application.

A Practical Study on Improving the Professionalism of Elementary School English Teachers Based on Compulsory Education Testing

In the face of the ever-opening contemporary China, English has become an indispensable communication tool. Based on the results of basic education quality monitoring and existing research results on teacher professional quality, this paper investigates the professional quality of English teachers in representative primary school in Xi'an, examining the teachers’ professional quality in five dimensions, namely, the basic situation, professionalism, professional knowledge and professional abilities, and training status and conducting interviews with relevant teachers. Through the survey, it was found that elementary school English teachers in Xi'an have high professional ideals and good professionalism, have a high sense of teaching effectiveness, and have a good grasp of English education professional knowledge. The teachers' professional abilities basically meet the requirements of English teaching, and they hope to receive further regular training in teaching methods, skills training, and the ability to write papers. At the same time, some problems were also discovered: the gender ratio of teachers is disproportionate, and teaching philosophy is not fully implemented; teachers lack mastery of theoretical knowledge and scientific research knowledge, and their oral English expression still needs to be improved; parent resources cannot be better utilized; the adoption of teaching methods requires to be further improved, teaching methods need to be further improved; teachers’ scientific research capabilities are weak, etc. In view of the existing problems, the article puts forward suggestions for improving the professional quality of elementar school English teachers in Xi'an: strengthening teachers' professional emotional quality; deepening teachers' understanding of teaching concepts; strengthening the cultivation of teachers' professional knowledge and professional abilities; strengthening the cultivation of teacher's educational research ability.

Formation of fluvial xenolandscapes of Martian valleys and channels


 
 
 Contemporary concepts of Martian Valley formation and the current state of their study are examined. Three-dimensional modeling was conducted using the examples of two regions on Mars, the Lani Chaos Region and Kasei Vallis, to determine and map the main morphological features typical of Martian valleys as a basis for identifying xenolandscapes. The xenaxiomatic author’s concept was applied as a means of investigating xenolandscape diversity on the surface of Earth-like planets, in this case, Mars. The xenaxiomatic concept is the result of incorporating and utilizing traditional knowledge of the differentiation and application of axioms of cognition. Specialized for xenoplanetological use, this integrative cognitive tool is a variant of an axiomatic approach. The main essence of this approach, in the case of distinguishing xenolandscapes, lies in developing a unified scheme for searching for corresponding xenolandscape elements that are axiomatically elementary fragments of the planet’s surface, followed by their classification and xenolandscape interpretation. Scientific awareness has been achieved by filling it with all available information from various natural sciences related to xenoplanetology and subsequent exploratory xenolandscape interpretation and synthetic cartographic representation of characteristic, typical local xenolandscape formations on Mars (part of the Kasei Vallis valley). These depicted objects are extra-rank, meaning they have not yet been ranked in terms of xenolandscape formations but are uniformly formed due to the synergy of influences and interactions of different forces, yet genetically stemming from the same xenolandscape-forming factors of material and energy-field xenonature. A mechanism for the formation of modern Martian valleys is proposed through the influx of heat flow and impact events. Exploratory xenolandscape studies, with their positions verified by this conducted research in terms of theoretical, methodological, and methodical content, have become an unexpected benchmark for the effectiveness of similar theoretical and methodological components of classical landscape science, with which the research capabilities of landscape science can and should be compared.
 
 

Pancreatic Cancer Action Network's SPARK: A Cloud-Based Patient Health Data and Analytics Platform for Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer currently holds the position of third deadliest cancer in the United States and the 5-year survival rate is among the lowest for major cancers at just 12%. Thus, continued research efforts to better understand the clinical and molecular underpinnings of pancreatic cancer are critical to developing both early detection methodologies as well as improved therapeutic options. This study introduces Pancreatic Cancer Action Network's (PanCAN's) SPARK, a cloud-based data and analytics platform that integrates patient health data from the PanCAN's research initiatives and aims to accelerate pancreatic cancer research by making real-world patient health data and analysis tools easier to access and use. The SPARK platform integrates clinical, molecular, multiomic, imaging, and patient-reported data generated from PanCAN's research initiatives. The platform is built on a cloud-based infrastructure powered by Velsera. Cohort exploration and browser capabilities are built using Velsera ARIA, a specialized product for leveraging clinicogenomic data to build cohorts, query variant information, and drive downstream association analyses. Data science and analytic capabilities are also built into the platform allowing researchers to perform simple to complex analysis. Version 1 of the SPARK platform was released to pilot users, who represented diverse end users, including molecular biologists, clinicians, and bioinformaticians. Included in the pilot release of SPARK are deidentified clinical (including treatment and outcomes data), molecular, multiomic, and whole-slide pathology images for over 600 patients enrolled in PanCAN's Know Your Tumor molecular profiling service. The pilot release of the SPARK platform introduces qualified researchers to PanCAN real-world patient health data and analytical resources in a centralized location.

Empirical assessment of ChatGPT’s answering capabilities in natural science and engineering

ChatGPT is a powerful language model from OpenAI that is arguably able to comprehend and generate text. ChatGPT is expected to greatly impact society, research, and education. An essential step to understand ChatGPT’s expected impact is to study its domain-specific answering capabilities. Here, we perform a systematic empirical assessment of its abilities to answer questions across the natural science and engineering domains. We collected 594 questions on natural science and engineering topics from 198 faculty members across five faculties at Delft University of Technology. After collecting the answers from ChatGPT, the participants assessed the quality of the answers using a systematic scheme. Our results show that the answers from ChatGPT are, on average, perceived as “mostly correct”. Two major trends are that the rating of the ChatGPT answers significantly decreases (i) as the educational level of the question increases and (ii) as we evaluate skills beyond scientific knowledge, e.g., critical attitude.

The Impact of Human Resource Management on University Development

As competition in the education industry intensifies and the knowledge economy evolves, the significance of Human Resource Management (HRM) in university institutions. This study aims to explore how HRM affects the sustainable development and competitiveness improvement of universities. This article begins with a theoretical analysis to define the concept of HRM and its particular relevance within university education. The subsequent analysis examines the multi-dimensional framework of university development, encompassing its connotation, goals, and key influencing factors. The article further elaborates on the positive effects of HRM on university teaching quality, scientific research capabilities, organizational culture, and social services. On this basis, the main challenges currently faced by university HRM are discussed, such as talent mobility, institutional constraints, resource limitations, and internationalization pressure. Finally, optimization strategies are proposed, including building a scientific human resources system, enhancing talent training and development, fostering diversity among teaching staff, and improving decision-making efficiency and transparency. The conclusions of this study aim to provide strategic insights for university education managers to better utilize human resource advantages and promote the comprehensive and sustainable development of universities.

Adapting an Organizational Culture to Stay Abreast of Technological Changes in Indonesia’s Government Scientific Sector

This research navigates the disruptions the government science sector faces in an era of rapid technological change, examining the interplay of government science funding, information technology integration, and research collaboration networks. The study employs a cross-sectional design, exploring the impact of government scientific communication policies and access to advanced research technologies as independent variables, mediated by a researcher's digital literacy and skills, on the dependent variable of innovation resilience in government science. Additionally, the moderating role of government scientific infrastructure and capabilities is investigated. A comprehensive survey was administered to participants within the government science sector in Indonesia, encompassing diverse demographics and scientific disciplines. Results reveal a significant positive association between transparent government communication policies and innovation resilience, highlighting the pivotal role of effective communication in fostering adaptability. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of government initiatives in building digital literacy and skills among researchers. The positive impact of communication policies on digital capabilities emphasizes the need for proactive strategies to enhance workforce proficiency in a technologically dynamic environment. The conceptual framework, validated through empirical findings, introduces the central construct of innovation resilience in government science, emphasizing adaptability to disruptive changes and consistent innovation.

Research on the Evaluation of Regional Scientific and Technological Innovation Capabilities Driven by Big Data

Scientific and technological innovation (STI) is an important internal driver of social and economic development. Reasonable evaluation of regional scientific and technological innovation (RSTI) capability helps discover shortcomings in the development of urban development and guides the allocation of scientific and technological resources and the formulation of policies to promote innovation. This paper analyzes new opportunities created by big data and artificial intelligence for the evaluation of RSTI capability, and based on this analysis, the collaborative evaluation schemes of multi-entity participation are investigated. In addition, considering the important value of unstructured data in evaluating STI, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model and sentiment analysis method are employed to analyze the construction of an evaluation indicator system that integrates scientific and technological news data. To fully utilize the respective advantages of human experts and machine learning in the field of complex issue evaluation, this paper proposes an RSTI capability evaluation model based on AHP-SMO human-machine fusion. This study promotes the integration of science and technology and economy and has theoretical and practical significance.

JUAMI, the joint undertaking for an African materials institute: building materials science research collaborations and capabilities between continents

JUAMI, the joint undertaking for an African materials institute, is a project to build collaborations and materials research capabilities between PhD researchers in Africa, the United States, and the world. Focusing on research-active universities in the East African countries of Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Uganda, the effort has run a series of schools focused on materials for sustainable energy and materials for sustainable development. These bring together early-career researchers from Africa, the US, and beyond, for two weeks in a close-knit environment. The program includes lectures on cutting-edge research from internationally renowned speakers, highly interactive tutorial lectures on the science behind the research, also from internationally known researchers, and hands-on practicals and team-building exercises that culminate in group proposals from self-formed student teams. The schools have benefited more than 300 early-career students and led to proposals that have received funding and have led to research collaborations and educational non-profits. JUAMI continues and has an ongoing community of alumni who share resources and expertise, and is open to like-minded people who want to join and develop contacts and collaborations internationally.

Main results of the 20-year innovative development of the Russian regions

The key objective of the study is a retrospective statistical indicators’ analysis of innovative development of Russian regions over the past decades. As part of the search for solutions to overcome the “technological impasse” and to reduce dependence on foreign technologies and raw materials export orientation, it is advisable to rely on the implementation of the innovative potential of all regions of the country due to the limited technological and scientific capabilities of individual existing leading regions. It is necessary to accelerate the transition from the current export-raw materials model of economic development to resource-innovative, assuming harmonious development, considering the innovative potential realization of the entire country territory. To fulfill the tasks set in the study, an assessment of innovative progress in Russia on a territorial basis using mathematical and statistical methods was carried out. In the course of the work, it was found that among the regions of the country there is a high degree of difference in the level of innovative financing and, as a consequence, in the pace of innovative development. There are several main leaders on which the main scientific activity and the production of high-tech products are based. Most of the regions show a significant lag, which is primarily due to the high concentration of innovation activity in only a few key points of the country.

Do VIP medical services damage efficiency? New evidence of medical institutions' total factor productivity using Chinese panel data.

This study examines the causal impact of very important person (VIP) medical services on hospital total factor productivity in Deyang, a prefectural-level city in western China, spanning the years 2015-2020. This aims to offer empirical evidence and policy recommendations for the implementation of VIP practices in the medical field. A secondary unbalanced panel dataset of 416 observations was collected from the annual reports of the Health Commission and 92 eligible medical institutions were included. This study utilized a two-stage strategy. First, the Global Malmquist index was used to calculate the total factor productivity and its decomposition terms for hospitals from 2015 to 2020. In the second stage, two-way fixed effects models and Tobit models were used to identify the relationship between VIP medical services and hospital efficiency; instrumental variables were used to solve potential endogeneity problems in the model. The results showed that VIP medical services had a significantly negative impact on medical institutions' efficiency. The technological advances and pure technical efficiency related to VIP medical care may help explain these negative impacts, which were heterogeneous across groups divided by the nature of the hospital and the outside environment. It is imperative to prioritize the standardized provision of VIP medical services for medical institutions, optimize management and service process, enhance the training of clinical and scientific research capabilities of medical personnel, and scientifically allocate resources for both VIP and general medical services. This will help mitigate health inequality while improving the overall quality of medical services.

The Competency of Physical Education Teacher at the University of Guangdong China

Background and Aim: Under the background of the high-quality development of physical education, there is an urgent need for college physical education teachers. Physical education teachers in colleges and universities are a special part of the group of college teachers, and they are the main undertakers of school sports work in colleges and universities. This research objective was to construct the competencies of physical education teachers in the universities of Guangdong, China. This research objective is as follows: To Study the Competencies of Physical Education Teachers in the Universities of Guangdong, China. Materials and Methods: This paper takes universities in Guangdong Province as examples for empirical analysis and applies the research results to the education performance management system of physical education teachers in universities. Use questionnaire sample composition. The questionnaire survey in this paper was distributed to physical education teachers in 10 universities in Guangdong Province by field distribution and E-mail delivery. There were 246 teachers in physical education colleges of 10 universities. All 15 teachers were used for the Interview sample composition. At the same time as the questionnaire survey, the author also designed the interview outline, to have a more in-depth understanding of the problems related to the professional development of physical education teachers in local colleges and universities. Result: The research result found that: The questionnaire analysis found that college physical education teachers have the best performance in professional ability, followed by personal characteristics, and then management characteristics, and the score of innovation ability is relatively low. Moreover, there are significant differences in the competency of college physical education teachers in different types of colleges, professional titles, and genders. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the competency of college physical education teachers in different types of colleges, professional titles, and genders. and the scientific research and innovation capabilities of college physical education teachers with senior professional titles are significantly higher than those with intermediate professional titles. The importance of research and innovation capabilities. There is no significant difference between the scientific research innovation ability of the deputy senior professional title and the scientific research innovation ability of the senior professional title.

Emerging challenges and opportunities in innovating food science technology and engineering education

Progress in science, technology, innovation, and digital capabilities call for reassessing food science, technology, and engineering (FST&E) education and research programs. This survey targeted global professionals and students across food disciplines and nutrition. Its main objectives included assessing the status of FST&E higher education, identifying challenges and opportunities, and furnishing recommendations. Seven topics affecting the future of the FST&E curricula were evaluated by the panel as ‘High’ to ‘Very high’, namely: ‘Critical thinking’, followed by ‘Problem-solving projects’, ‘Teamwork/collaboration’, ‘Innovation/Open innovation’ and ‘Multidisciplinary’. The importance of academic partnership/collaboration with the Food Industry and Nutrition Sciences was demonstrated. Significant positive roles of the food industry in collaboration and partnerships were found. Other essential food industry attributes were related to internships, education, strategy, and vision. Collaboration between FST&E and nutrition sciences indicated the high standing of this direction. The need to integrate or converge nutrition sciences and FST&E is emphasized, especially with the growing consumer awareness of health and wellness. The study provides insights into new education and learning opportunities and new topics for future curricula.

Celebrating Professor Rajeev K. Varshney's transformative research odyssey from genomics to the field on his induction as Fellow of the Royal Society.

Professor Rajeev K. Varshney's transformative impact on crop genomics, genetics, and agriculture is the result of his passion, dedication, and unyielding commitment to harnessing the potential of genomics to address the most pressing challenges faced by the global agricultural community. Starting from a small town in India and reaching the global stage, Professor Varshney's academic and professional trajectory has inspired many scientists active in research today. His ground-breaking work, especially his effort to list orphan tropical crops to genomic resource-rich entities, has been transformative. Beyond his scientific achievements, Professor Varshney is recognized by his colleagues as an exemplary mentor, fostering the growth of future researchers, building institutional capacity, and strengthening scientific capability. His focus on translational genomics and strengthening seed system in developing countries for the improvement of agriculture has made a tangible impact on farmers' lives. His skills have been best utilized in roles at leading research centres where he has applied his expertise to deliver a new vision for crop improvement. These efforts have now been recognized by the Royal Society with the award of the Fellowship (FRS). As we mark this significant milestone in his career, we not only celebrate Professor Varshney's accomplishments but also his wider contributions that continue to transform the agriculturallandscape.

Features and functional components in the use of artificial intelligence in human capital development (higher education as a model)

The study addressed the role of artificial intelligence applications in enhancing educational and learning strategies in higher education, by improving administrative functions; raising the efficiency of scientific and cognitive capabilities, and developing scientific research, in an improved educational environment, in addition to revealing the potential obstacles that accompany the process of using electronic machines. The study concluded that artificial intelligence has an effective role in enhancing and improving the performance of higher education institutions, which made the learning process more efficient, so there is an urgent need to raise awareness among stakeholders in education about the importance of using artificial intelligence applications in teaching and learning strategies, and not to make challenges an obstacle in employing human resources. The study relied on the descriptive analytical method to reveal the role of artificial intelligence and its applications in developing human capital in higher education institutions.

Exploring the Role of TPACK in Promoting Inquiry-based Learning in 21

The realm of science education is grappling with the growing demand to equip learners with the scientific reasoning and technological capabilities vital for the 21st century. In light of this, the present study delves into how Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) can enhance inquiry-driven approaches in modern-day science education. Using a literature review as its methodological approach, this research ascertains that TPACK is pivotal in making inquiry-based learning more accessible in science pedagogy. Specifically, educators who possess a profound grasp of TPACK can seamlessly weave technology into science lessons, tailor their teaching methods to cater to student requirements, and combine scientific factual knowledge with analytical reasoning abilities. As it pertains to applying an inquiry-driven curriculum, TPACK empowers educators to design engaging, collaborative, and experiential learning scenarios within the ambit of scientific exploration. Consequently, this study sheds light on the instrumental role of TPACK in science education of the 21st century, advocating for a more dynamic and learner-focused approach. This research underscores the need for specialized training and continual professional enhancement with a spotlight on cultivating TPACK skills among science educators. Furthermore, the insights derived from this study can pave the way for avant-garde curriculum frameworks and pedagogical structures, further championing inquiry-oriented instruction in contemporary science education.
 Keywords: TPACK, science education, inquiry based learning, 21st century

Environmental expertise and its importance for ensuring natural resource security

This article is devoted to the important procedural institute of environmental expertise, which has been created relatively recently in the domestic legal process. Environmental safety should not be reduced to the elimination of the occurred harmful consequences, prognostic moments and propaedeutic activity are very important, which requires a special type of control and application of special knowledge for these purposes. The introduction shows the complexity of organization and implementation of environmental expertise, outlines the scope of analytical objectives included in the considered segment. The authors study the material, procedural and tactical aspects related to this institute; show the significance of its development for environmental protection. In the course of description of materials and methods of research, conclusions are formulated about the demand for this format of research, prospects of its use in proving criminal and civil cases. The idea of the complexity of the definition of the expert objective in the highlighted segment is substantiated, as there are no clear ideas about the capabilities of science in this special field. The results obtained in the paper are presented in the form of concrete proposals for determining the paths of development of the considered institution. According to the authors, the complex researches carried out at the intersection of related spheres of specialized knowledge are most in demand. This approach allows to broaden the subject of analysis and gives the obtained results theoretical and applied validity. The methodological basis for the study of the selected moments is based on the combination of axiological aspects and systemic principles with the application of the activity component. The methodological part reveals and substantiates the most effective means and ways of this kind of research for investigation of environmental crimes and consideration of civil law disputes related to natural objects. The discussion formulates the reasons that hinder the development of this type of expertise, with certain proposals to overcome them.

Research on the Enhancement of Scientific Research Ability in Economics and Management Disciplines by University Libraries

University libraries must play an important role in assisting the improvement of scientific research capabilities in the field of economics and management disciplines. For this reason, most university libraries have taken some measures, such as establishing a subject librarian system and building digital resource libraries. However, the subject librarian system in some university libraries is not perfect, the quality of information services is not high, the role of academic exchange platforms is not fully utilized, and there is less organization of training in scientific research methods and skills. To enhance the scientific research capabilities of economics and management disciplines, university libraries should enhance the service capabilities of subject librarians, use digital technology to provide precise subject services, build academic exchange platforms, normalization of training.

Bioinformatics proficiency among African students.

Bioinformatics, the interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, and data analysis, plays a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of life sciences. In the African context, where the diversity of biological resources and healthcare challenges is substantial, fostering bioinformatics literacy and proficiency among students is important. This perspective provides an overview of the state of bioinformatics literacy among African students, highlighting the significance, challenges, and potential solutions in addressing this critical educational gap. It proposes various strategies to enhance bioinformatics literacy among African students. These include expanding educational resources, fostering collaboration between institutions, and engaging students in research projects. By addressing the current challenges and implementing comprehensive strategies, African students can harness the power of bioinformatics to contribute to innovative solutions in healthcare, agriculture, and biodiversity conservation, ultimately advancing the continent's scientific capabilities and improving the quality of life for her people. In conclusion, promoting bioinformatics literacy among African students is imperative for the continent's scientific development and advancing frontiers of biological research.

Objective: Given the importance of effective and efficient management of technology in the success and dynamism of the nation's vast oil industry, it is undoubtedly essential to pay adequate attention to the management and control of the components influencing the technology management system. The present article aims to identify and determine the reciprocal relationships and impacts of the factors within

Objective: The aim of this research is to identify influential factors in a comprehensive strategic marketing model based on economic diplomacy using a grounded theory approach. Methodology: In this study, a comprehensive strategic marketing model was developed using qualitative methods and analyzing data collected from in-depth interviews with experts and specialists in the fields of marketing and economic diplomacy. Findings: The research findings indicate that key factors including government policies, international relations, commercial infrastructure, technical and scientific capabilities, organizational culture, and knowledge management play crucial roles in the success of marketing strategies based on economic diplomacy. Additionally, the ability to create and maintain effective communication networks with other countries, the use of modern technologies, and innovation in products and services were identified as facilitating and strengthening factors for international marketing. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, a comprehensive strategic marketing model based on economic diplomacy is presented, which can be used as a framework for developing and implementing marketing strategies at the international level. This model, with an emphasis on the role of economic diplomacy and attention to the identified key factors, can help improve marketing performance and enhance the competitiveness of countries in the global market. This research, by presenting a theoretical model based on grounded theory, adds to the existing knowledge in the field of international marketing and economic diplomacy and proposes practical solutions for improving marketing strategies in this area.