Scientific Background Research Articles

From Editor's Desk

From Editor's Desk

Egy régen várt, online elérhető módszertani segédeszköz a gyermekorvosok és védőnők számára ‒ a „KidLongi - ONV2” szoftver

. The Kidlongi - ONV2 software is a cloud-based software. It contains (1) the reference centiles, age-group mean and standard deviation values of the most important body measurements of children aged between 0–18 constructed on the basis of the research results of the Hungarian Longitudinal Growth Study (HLGS, 1980–2001); (2) the reference centiles of body height velocity between 3 and 18 years (HLGS); (3) the reference values of children’s (aged between 3 and 18 years) most important body measurements, which reference values were constructed on the basis of the Second Hungarian Growth Survey (HGS2, 2003–2006, data were collected cross-sectionally).
 The longitudinal references (HLGS) allow to follow children’s growth by regular monitoring, while the cross-sectional reference values (HGS2) support the estimation of actual developmental status of children. The software provides simultaneous visualization of measured data in the mirror of both longitudinal and cross-sectional growth reference centiles. Measurements, figures containing children’s data and growth references can be downloaded and printed from the software.
 The most important research results of both the longitudinal and cross-sectional studies are available in the Scientific background chapter. Additionally, the so-called MDN (maturity, development nutritional status) matrix method can also be learned in the software, which new method can estimate the body development, maturity and nutritional status at birth.

2022 IGWS calendar

The annual Indiana Geological and Water Survey calendar focuses on an area of Survey research, interest or history. The topic of the 2022 calendar is scientific illustrations. For nearly 50 years between them, two artist-draftsmen, Robert "Bob" Judah and Wilbur "Bill" Stalions, translated scientific concepts and research into a visual medium so that more people, including those without a scientific background, could understand the work of the Survey. This calendar contains scans of some original works which have been kept in Survey archives and have not been visible to the public, as well as previously published works from multiple decades.

Aquatic Macrophyte Vegetation Promotes Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Odonata Assemblages in Intermittent Karst Rivers in the Mediterranean

Assemblages of adult Odonata were studied in four intermittent karst rivers encompassing macrophyte-rich (MRH) and macrophyte-poor habitats (MPH) in southern Europe, where temporary lotic habitats are the predominant freshwater type but are still understudied. With a total of 25 recorded species, the studied habitats support species-rich Odonata assemblages, as already shown for intermittent rivers in the Mediterranean. Aquatic macrophyte abundance, conductivity, and water velocity are the most significant determinants of Odonata assemblages in the studied IRES. MRH promote higher Odonata abundance and the taxonomic and functional diversity of their assemblages compared to the MPH. Odonata assemblages in MRH are characterized by higher values of body size and a higher share of species preferring lentic and temporary hydrological conditions. Moreover, their assemblages are characterized by various patterns of nymphal development and drought resilience strategies. In contrast, MPH are preferred by lotic species, with nymphal development all year round and with no specific drought-resisting strategies. Our results contribute to the knowledge of diversity and ecological requirements of dragonflies and damselflies in IRES habitats, which could provide scientific background for future conservation activities and bioassessment protocols of such habitats and their biota.

State Policy for the Private Healthcare Sector Development of Ukraine

The need to ensure quality and comprehensive healthcare at the world standard level determines the establishment and importance of private medicine in the healthcare system. It forms the task to reform, develop, and implement targets for private medicine. This article aims to investigate the measures by state policy in promoting private medical services. The methodological basis of this study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, system approach, and methods of logistic analysis. The empirical research involved retrospective, structural and comparative analyses. To achieve the study goal, the following tasks were solved: 1) determination of the theoretical basis of the state policy in private healthcare based on scientific background; 2) the analysis of the state policy in Ukrainian healthcare; 3) identification of the role of private medicine in the health care system; 4) the comprehensive analysis of the medical institution activities on the example of a private clinic «L-MED Clinic»; 5) determination of the connection between the effectiveness of activities and the marketing activities in promoting medical services. is study determined the importance of private medicine in the healthcare system of Ukraine. Private treatment and prevention facilities relieve the burden on public hospitals and clinics. The main competitive advantages of private healthcare institutions include availability, sufficient admission time, responsibility and organized attitude to the treatment process, quality diagnosis, full-range medical services, courtesy and attentive staff, comfortable and pleasant interior, etc. Based on the findings, the authors provided practical recommendations for improving the state policy, state regulation of private medical activity, and implementing the best world practices of branching out of the health care sector. The obtained results could be useful to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in state regulation of healthcare reformation in Ukraine.

Regulatory Affairs in Pharmaceutical Industry

Regulatory Affairs in pharmaceutical industries is a one of the most critical job. Regulatory Affairs is mainly concerned about the lifecycle of healthcare product and it gives tactical, strategic and operation advice to work within regulation to develop safe and effective healthcare product around the World. The work of Regulatory Affairs to nurture and implementing a strategy to guarantee the collective efforts of the drug development team, so that the drug get approval from global regulatory authorities. Regulatory Affairs is a catchy career choice for graduate student from scientific background. Regulatory Affairs is a multitasking job. This job is suitable for those people who enjoys communicating with people, enjoys team work and want to expand their knowledge in pharmaceutical sector. Regulatory Affairs is a very rewarding job. A person who want pursue their job in Regulatory Affairs should have knowledge about ICH (International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use).

Теория революции Ленина

The article analyzes Lenin's concept in the theory of revolution. The scientific background on the basis of which Lenin created this concept, and those new basic ideas and provisions with which he enriched the theory of revolution are considered. The author considers the key provisions of the theory of revolution, developed by the beginning of the 20th century, and their evolution in Lenin's concept: definition of the phenomenon, its reasons and consequences, classification and stages of revolutions, problems of social basis of revolutions, terror in revolutions, various social, psychological and cultural factors in revolution, i.e., all that forms a complete authorial concept of the theory of revolution. In the author's opinion, Lenin was not only a recognized practitioner of revolution and the developer of the principles of the armed antigovernment struggle, but also a large theorist in the scientific development of revolutionary theory as a scientific area, and he contributed significantly to the development of the theory of revolution whose provisions had a huge impact on all subsequent research. In particular, Lenin: (1) completed Marx' definition and classification of revolutions, (2) made additions to the problem of stages and change of stages in revolutions, (3) offered a slightly different concept of the social basis of revolutions, (4) put forward the principle of “revolutionary situation” (without it no revolution, without looking at any objective reasons, will take place), 5) put forward the principle of a huge role of political factors in revolutions, (6) considered the problem of the reasons of revolutions not only in the obligatory and objective change of formations in connection with the conflict of a way of production and productive forces, but also in the light of various social factors, (7) supported and developed Marx's idea about modernization in revolution, but put forward his own principle of revolution as an instrument of accelerated modernization.

Scientific Reflection on the Personology of K. A. Abulkhanova's Philosophical-Psychological Work (To the 90th Anniversary and to the 50th Anniversary of IP RAS)

The article examines the life and activity of the leading Russian philosopher psychologist (from S.L. Rubinstein’s scientific school), Main Researcher of IP RAS, Academician of RAO, Professor K.A. Abulkhanova. The relevance of this historical and scientific article is determined by her fundamental contribution to the development of theoretical and methodological problems of philosophical and psychological studies of thinking, activities, consciousness, personality, relations and social communications. The purpose of the article is to analyze K.A. Abulhaova’s 70 years of philosophical-psychological research and to systematize her achievements in the study of the psychology of thinking and consciousness of personality. The novelty of the article lies in the scientific study of K.A. Abulkhanova’s life activity from the standpoint of institutional-personological and subject-activity approaches to scientific creativity. These approaches are realized by a number of scientists (L.S. Vygotsky, A.A. Smirnov, B.M. Teplov, G.G. Shpet) including psychologists of thinking, (S.L. Rubinstein, A.M. Matyushkin, A.V. Brushlinsky, P.Ya. Galperin, Y.A. Ponomarev, V.D. Shadrikov) and personality (A.A. Bodalyov, A.N. Leontiev, M.G. Yaroshevsky, I.V. Dubrovina). Against this wellgrounded historical and scientific background, we analyze for the first time the life activity of K.A. Abulkhanova, a leading methodologist in the field of human studies and psychology of personality, in the context of a 100-year development of Russian psychology. We characterize her reflexive/creative dialogues with: S.L. Rubinstein, L.I. Antsyferova, A.V. Brushlinsky, E.A. Budilova, M.I. Volovikova, V.A. Koltsova, I.N. Semyonov, A.N. Slavskaya, E.B. Starovoitenko, M.G. Yaroshevsky, etc. In the context of S.L. Rubinstein's school periodization the stages of K.A. Abulkhanova’'s professional development are differentiated, the directions of her research are generalized, her contribution to the psychology of personality and philosophy of human studies are shown. For the first time, the heuristic problem of the historical and personological study of the role of the dynasties of psychologist scientists in the relay-creating development of scientific schools of modern psychological knowledge is put.

Analysis of Village fund allocation Policy Implementation process in Banyurasa Village, Sukahening District, Tasikmalaya Regency

The purpose of this study was to find out the Implementation Process of Village Fund Allocation Policies in Banyurasa Village, Sukahening District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The formulation of the problem is how the process of implementing the Village Fund Allocation policy in Banyurasa Village, Sukahening District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The research method used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Qualitative research is rooted in a scientific background as a whole, relies on humans as a research tool, conducts data analysis inductively directs the research target in an effort to find theory from the ground up, being descriptive is more concerned with process than results, limits studies with focus, has a set of criteria to check the validity data, the research design is provisional and the results of the research are agreed upon by both researchers and research subjects. simultaneously has been implemented in the moderate category. Partially, of the six aspects of the policy implementation process in implementing Village Fund Allocation in Banyurasa Village, Sukahening District, Tasikmalaya Regency, it is in the less category, namely communication between organizational units in implementing Village Fund Allocation policies. Fund sources are still insufficient for village operations and community services. The quantity and quality of employee resources is also lacking. The encouragement of employees is still lacking in implementing the Village Fund Allocation policy in Banyurasa Village, Sukahening District, Tasikmalaya Regency.

Exegetical Analysis of Big Bang Theory in the Light of Quranic Explorations & Scientific Theory

Muslims believe that the Holy Quran is God's Word and nature is God's Work. Therefore, we should anticipate a prominent level of congruence between the words the and the work of God. Quran is not meant to be a scientific reference, but it does make use of physical phenomena to illustrate spiritual truths, such as the many references to the earth being revived by a flood of water (revelation). However, many accounts of physical phenomena appear to serve another function: predicting new scientific findings. That the Quran is the word of God and not the product of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is solidified by these verses. Many people with a scientific background, especially in the modern era, have become fascinated by verses in the Quran that purport to be scientific prophecies because of their clarity and precision. In this article certain verses, which are said to describe the Big Bang and the expansion of the universe, have been examined. Exegesis has been done by outlining the relevant science, quoting the relevant verses, and then critiquing the Muslim argument. The claim made in the Quran is confirmed to be true, and the arguments against it are found to be wanting.

Thermally stimuli-responsive materials with transformable double channels of nonlinear optical and dielectric properties.

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials have received extensive attention and in-depth research in the past few decades due to their superior properties and potential applications in storage, sensing, dielectric switches, actuators and other information fields. Based on this scientific background, we developed two organic-inorganic hybrids [TMFEA]2CdI4 (compound 1) and [TMFEA]2ZnI4 (compound 2) (TMFEA = trimethylfluoroethylammonium). Both compounds show transformable double channels of nonlinear optical and dielectric properties induced by structural phase transitions, which was proved by the thermal, nonlinear optical, and dielectric phase changes. In addition, the channels can be switched ON and OFF by temperature regulation. This work will provide inspiration and options for the exploration of opto-electrical dual channel components.

Vaccination Campaign: A Bibliometric Analysis

This study provides the bibliometric analysis of publications addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and preventive measures to overcome it. This study aims to analyze, systematize, and build clusters of world schools of thought that changed their research directions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The relevance of solving the scientific problem is urgent to quickly restore the economy, education, tourism, and other spheres of society affected by the pandemic. The authors emphasized that vaccination is one of the effective ways to reduce COVID-19 morbidity. Therefore, the study sample was generated with articles indexed by keywords “COVID-19” and «vaccination» in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The study period covers 2020-2021. To operate with the most relevant publications, the study sample was limited by the English publication language and subject areas, excluding the publications in the categories of medicine and pharmacology. The case study involved the VOSviewer software, Web of Science, and Scopus database analysis tools in analyzing the scientific background on the issue of trust in the vaccination campaign. The visualization of findings was conducted using the VOSviewer software tools. The obtained results showed most of the work was published by the scholars of American, English, Chinese, German and Italian affiliations. The study identified at least 10 research directions on the investigated topic: the reasons for differentiating the intentions to be vaccinated; attitudes towards vaccinations depending on gender, age, and social status; forecasting different recovering scenarios; consequences of misinformation and fight against misinformation; effectiveness of social pressure on the population; the role of social networks; sufficiency of using personal protective equipment; the self-responsibility in creating collective immunity; the need medical staff visits; testing the effectiveness of the vaccine, etc. The findings of the bibliometric analysis could be useful for further empirical studies to find cause-and-effect relationships and mathematical modeling of the reasons for vaccination refusal and predicting different pandemic scenarios.

Physiological responses of black locust-rhizobia symbiosis to water stress.

The present study explores the interaction of water supply and rhizobia inoculation on CO2 and H2 O gas exchange characteristics, physiological and biochemical traits in seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia L. originating from two provenances with contrasting climate and soil backgrounds: the Gansu Province (GS) in northwest China and the Dongbei region (DB) of northeast China. Rhizobia strains were isolated from the 50-years old Robinia forest sites grown in the coastal region of east China. Robinia seedlings with and without rhizobia inoculation were exposed to normal water supply, moderate drought, and rewatering treatments, respectively. After 2 weeks of drought treatment, photosynthetic and physiological traits (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, stable isotope signature of carbon, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content) of Robinia leaves were significantly altered, but after rewatering, a general recovery was observed. Rhizobia inoculation significantly increased the drought resistance of both Robinia provenances by promoting photosynthesis, increasing the foliar N content and reducing the accumulation of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Among the two provenances, DB plants developed more nodules than GS plants, but GS plants were more drought-tolerant than DB plants, both inoculated or noninoculated, indicated by the foliar gas exchange parameters and biochemical traits studied. Our results also show that inoculation of rhizobia could significantly improve the drought resistance of Robinia in both provenances. The present study contributes to the scientific background for the selection of drought-resistant varieties of Robinia to ensure the success of future afforestation projects in degraded terrestrial ecosystems under global climate change.

Роль историко-культурного потенциала сельских поселений городского типа в реализации стратегии геокультурного брендинга

The article is devoted to the study of the rich historical and cultural heritage of large rural settlements of the Perm Territory, which had the status of urban-type settlements in the Soviet era. These settlements include Bolshaya Sosnova starting its history in the 16th century. In the 20th century, its population took an active part in mobilization campaigns to fight for literacy, create collective farms and state farms, take up residential construction jobs, and increase labor productivity in the agricultural sector. Bolshaya Sosnova had a developed agricultural sector, which made it possible to provide a decent standard of living in the countryside for local residents. A demographic shift occurred in the second half of the 20th century, due to which the settlement transformed into an agrarian-industrial settlement. However, in recent times, Bolshaya Sosnova and its local communities have faced serious challenges of the postperestroika period. Currently, the settlement is in a difficult socio-economic condition. The issues of preserving the historical heritage, creative practices of socio-cultural activities, the development of tourism and the hospitality industry are coming to the fore. The relevance of the topic is due to its scientific and social significance. The hypothesis is that the problems of territories can be solved by non-traditional applied methods and means, which should be based on a solid scientific background. The article reveals the main postulates of the concept of geocultural branding of cities and territories formulated by D.N. Zamyatin, which seems logical to be applied in practice. The aim of the study is to develop a geocultural branding strategy for Bolshaya Sosnova based on the unique historical and cultural potential of this area, aimed at its sustainable development. The use of the geocultural approach made it possible to identify and describe the historical and cultural resources that formed the conceptual core of the Svetlaya Sosnova geobrand. To achieve the aim, methods of historical science were used such as historical-comparative, historical-genetic, content analysis of historical documents, and phenomenological ones. The study draws on the published documents of state authorities and local self-government, historical and local history essays, materials of local periodicals, and the results of express surveys of the settlement residents.

Chinese pharmaceutical market development strategy: Ukrainian prospects

The modern pharmaceutical industry is characterized by high innovation and margins; it is a powerful geopolitical means of influence. The author analyzes the features of the Chinese pharmaceutical industry, which has shown significant progress in recent years. There are also obstacles to its further development, which are related, in particular, to political factors. The author describes the transformation processes of the modern Chinese pharmaceutical ecosystem. The main focus of accelerated growth is based on domestic consumption and biotech startups: the direction of government and corporations is new drug technologies, search for new therapeutic targets, and development of innovative molecules. A feature of the Chinese pharmaceutical market is the dominance of domestic companies and the predominance of the hospital segment over pharmacy. Generic drugs account for 94,6% of the drug portfolio, but Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturers’ high ambitions to be global players are encouraging active research, and a system of guaranteed early-stage funding from private and public funds contributes to this. The strategic partnership with Chinese manufacturers helps not only to finance research activities, but also entering to a large Chinese market. The cooperation of Ukrainian pharmaceutical manufacturers with Chinese partners is mainly based on importing raw materials (API) to produce medicine. The raw material safety in the conditions of geopolitical cataclysms should become a critical point for Ukrainian pharmaceutical manufacturers. For Chinese partners who have visited Ukrainian enterprises many times before and understand the advantages of Ukraine’s geographical location, its scientific background for joint research, and the prospects of further integration with EU countries, localization in Ukraine could bring additional strategic benefits. The study aims to analyze the transformation processes of the modern pharmaceutical industry in China, its place in global production processes and supply chains, and characterize the prospects for the further strategic development of Chinese biopharmaceuticals in domestic and foreign markets. The study benefits the Ukrainian pharmaceutical manufacturers interested in developing cooperation with Chinese companies, including in joint research activities.

Improving the Admission Department Performance under Reformation of the Secondary Medical Service Market

The healthcare reformation focuses on improving public health since public health is one of the state policy priorities. The systematization of scientific background showed the growing academic interest in the reformation of the secondary medical service market, determining the study’s relevance. This study aims to substantiate ways to improve the organization and management of health services in the secondary market of health services. To achieve the research goal, the authors analyzed the theoretical approaches to defining the concept of quality of medical services. They considered the development of the Ukrainian medical services market and determined the quality of medical care. This study examined the functioning of the admission department of the central district hospital. The methodological basis of the study involved the methods of statistical analysis, systematic approach, analysis, and synthesis. The findings showed no fatalities in the analyzed hospital from 2013 to 2015, thanks to an insignificant discrepancy in outpatient and inpatient diagnoses and ambulance diagnoses. The authors emphasized the necessity to transfer the information about the patient’s condition for treatment in the outpatient department to improve the quality of medical services. Within the study framework, the authors found that doctors use new treatment methods in their medical activities in the admission department, which allows stating a high percentage of recovery and improvement of the general condition of patients. Much attention is paid to personal, social, and health education to prevent the emergence of difficult medical situations in the admission department. The above is essential for providing quality medical care by doctors and junior medical staff. The authors concluded that the improvement of the current medical care requires the efficient use of material and human resources; improvement of the communication between ambulance, polyclinic, and inpatient facilities to provide the validity and timeliness of hospitalization; improving the interaction between separate medical institution’s services and its structural subdivisions to timely examine and hospitalize in inpatient departments, etc. The results of this study could elevate the quality of medical services in the admission department and prevent complex medical cases in the treatment of patients.

Design and fabrication of micro/nanofluidics devices and systems.

This chapter provides an overview of the science, engineering, and design methods required in the development of micro/nanofluidic devices. Section 2 provides the scientific background of fluid mechanics and physical phenomena in micro/nanoscale. Section 3 gives a brief overview of the existing fabrication techniques employed in micro/nanofluidics. The techniques are grouped into three categories: (1) subtractive manufacturing, (2) formative manufacturing, and (3) additive manufacturing. The advantages and disadvantages of each manufacturing technique are also discussed. Implementation of the fluidic devices beyond laboratory demonstrations is not trivial, which requires a good understanding of the problems of interest and the end-users. To that end, Section 4 introduces the design thinking approach and its application to develop micro/nanofluidic devices. Finally, Section 5 concludes the chapter with future outlooks.

Analysis of the evidence to support the definition of Specific Protection Goals for bumble bees and solitary bees

In the context of the definition of Specific Protection Goals for bees, risk managers asked EFSA to provide the scientific background to support the decision-making process about what needs to be protected and to what extent. In this document, information, data and tools have been investigated to support the risk managers in deciding on the Specific Protection Goals for bumble bees and solitary bees. In particular, EFSA summarised the relevant information on biology and ecology and investigated the possibility of performing an analysis of background variability to support the definition of a threshold of acceptable effects. Accounting for the current level of knowledge, EFSA concluded that this analysis is complex, and it would require information that is not yet available and tools that have not yet been fully evaluated. Nevertheless, based on the limited data available, represented by the control groups of few experimental field studies, an analysis of variability of different relevant endpoints was provided. By taking into account the results of this analysis, the biology and ecology of bumble bees and solitary bees, as well as the impact for risk assessment, EFSA illustrated possible approaches that could be followed by risk managers.

Mission Design of an Aperture-Synthetic Interferometer System for Space-Based Exoplanet Exploration

In recent years, exoplanet detection has become the technological frontier in the field of astronomy, because it provides evidence of the origin of life and the future human habitable exoplanet. Deploying several satellites to form an aperture-synthetic interferometer system in space may help discover “another Earth” via interferometry and midinfrared broadband spectroscopy. This paper analyzes a space-based exoplanet exploration mission in terms of the scientific background, mission profile, trajectory design, and orbital maintenance. First, the system architecture and working principle of the interferometer system are briefly introduced. Secondly, the mission orbit and corresponding transfer trajectories are discussed. The halo orbit near the Sun-Earth L2 (SEL2) orbit is chosen as the candidate mission orbit. The low-energy transfer via stable invariant manifold with multiple perigees is designed, and the proper launch windows are presented. A speed increment less than 10 m/s is imposed for each transfer to achieve the insertion of the halo orbit. Finally, the tangent targeting method (TTM) is applied for high-precision formation maintenance with the whole velocity increments of less than 5 × 1 0 − 4 m / s for each spacecraft when the error bound is 0.1 m. The overall fuel budget during the mission period is evaluated and compared. The design in this paper will provide technical support and reliable reference for future exoplanet exploration missions.

A Survey on Trusted Distributed Artificial Intelligence

Emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are revolutionizing computing and data processing approaches with their strong impact on society. Data is processed with automated labelling pipelines rather than providing it as input to the system. The innovative nature increases the overall performance of monitoring/detection/reaction mechanisms for efficient system resource management. However, due to hardware-driven design limitations, networking and trust mechanisms are not flexible and adaptive enough to be able to interact and control the resources dynamically. Novel adaptive software-driven design approaches can enable us to build growing intelligent mechanisms with software-defined networking (SDN) features by virtualizing network functionalities with maximized features. These challenges and critical feature sets have been identified and introduced into this survey with their scientific background for AI systems and growing intelligent mechanisms. Furthermore, obstacles and research challenges between 1950-2021 are explored and discussed with a focus on recent years. The challenges are categorized according to three defined architectural perspectives (central, decentral/autonomous, distributed/hybrid) for emerging trusted distributed AI mechanisms. Therefore, resiliency and robustness can be assured in a dynamic context with an end-to-end Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) for growing intelligent mechanisms and systems. Furthermore, as presented in the paper, the trust measurement, quantification, and justification methodologies on top of Trusted Distributed AI (TDAI) can be applied in emerging distributed systems and their underlying diverse application domains, which will be explored and experimented in our future related works.