Scientific Names Research Articles

Did address influence whether gods answered prayers? Preliminary overview of Vulgar Latin names of deities in the Roman Empire

AbstractThis paper offers a preliminary linguistic analysis of votive texts with particular reference to their use of and variation in Latin. The aim of the linguistic analysis is to identify variation in the context of votive texts. In those votive inscriptions which contained a request, precise wording was considered crucial for the request to reach the gods. Therefore, schematic, formulaic wording is common. The epigraphic corpus under study shows various Vulgar Latin traits. The incorporation of ‘non-Roman’ or pre-Roman cults into Latin caused the greatest problems, with most variations occurring in the names of such gods. Since the names of these gods are not included in literary sources, our primary sources for these cults are inscriptions and they show characteristics of Vulgar Latin.

The Geometry of Misinformation: Embedding Twitter Networks of Users Who Spread Fake News in Geometrical Opinion Spaces

To understand why internet users spread fake news online, many studies have focused on individual drivers, such as cognitive skills, media literacy, or demographics. Recent findings have also shown the role of complex socio-political dynamics, highlighting that political polarization and ideologies are closely linked to a propensity to participate in the dissemination of fake news. Most of the existing empirical studies have focused on the US example by exploiting the self-reported or solicited positioning of users on a dichotomous scale opposing liberals with conservatives. Yet, left-right polarization alone is insufficient to study socio-political dynamics when considering non binary and multi-dimensional party systems, in which relevant ideological stances must be characterized in additional dimensions, relating for example to opposition to elites, government, political parties or mainstream media. In this article we leverage ideological embeddings of Twitter networks in France in multi-dimensional opinions spaces, where dimensions stand for attitudes towards different issues, and we trace the positions of users who shared articles that were rated as misinformation by fact-checkers. In multi-dimensional settings, and in contrast with the US, opinion dimensions capturing attitudes towards elites are more predictive of whether a user shares misinformation. Most users sharing misinformation hold salient anti-elite sentiments and, among them, more so those with radical left- and right-leaning stances. Our results reinforce the importance of enriching one-dimensional left-right analyses, showing that other ideological dimensions, such as anti-elite sentiment, are critical when characterizing users who spread fake news. This lends support to emerging accounts of social drivers of misinformation through political polarization, but also stresses the role of the entanglement between fake news, anti-elite polarization, and the role of scientific authorities in public debate.

Post-truth and scientific authority

Post-truth refers to a social situation in which trust in clear and solid knowledge has been shaken, even though the ‘demand’ or ‘need’ for such solid knowledge has not diminished. This contradictory situation is particularly evident in the way in which science appears in public: on the one hand, expertise is transformed into a set of opinions that can be shared or not shared, as political decision-making seeks to legitimise itself more and more through ‘experts’. On the other hand, in times of crisis or rapid social change in general, the call for the replacement of politics by science grows louder: to bring the pandemic under control, virologists are supposed to say what measures should be taken to restrict individual freedoms. Such scientification of politics ultimately affects both fields, so that the fact that politics and science follow different functional principles is no longer recognised on either side: ‘evidence-based’ politics forgets that the political field is about balancing interests and setting values. In our article, however, we ask about the connection of this paradoxical situation with ‘the’ scientific practice itself: to what extent has science itself contributed to this strangely contradictory social role of its production of knowledge? And how does it seek to address the crisis of post-truth?

Detection of Parasitic Contamination of Cress Crop Irrigated with Two Types of Water in Jumka Village, Erbil – Iraq

This study aims to evaluate the risk of using untreated wastewater for vegetable contamination. Water samples and vegetables cress and scientific name (Lepidium sativum) were collected from farms using wastewater and well water for irrigation for three seasons (Autumn, Winter, and Spring). Results show that untreated wastewater is characterized by an alkaline side of neutrality and has a high content of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD5 value of 124 mg. l-1. The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) values variations coincided with water temperature variations and no Dissolved Oxygen (DO) detection during the study periods. Cryptosporidium spp. and other intestinal parasites were observed in wastewater in nearly all studied seasons. Wastewater-contaminated vegetables irrigated by it. Well, water is characterized by the highest EC value of 1119 µS.cm-1 during Winter and the highest pH value of 8.1 during the Spring season. Generally, well water is contaminated with parasitic organisms. Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in well water but no detection was found in cress irrigated by it.

(2955) Proposal to conserve the name Didymium against Mucilago and Spumaria (Physarales, Myxomycetes)

(2955) Proposal to conserve the name <i>Didymium</i> against <i>Mucilago</i> and <i>Spumaria</i> (<i>Physarales</i>, <i>Myxomycetes</i>)

(258–260) Proposals to eliminate contradiction between Articles 11.7 and 11.8 and to equate non‐fossil with fossil names of dinophytes for purposes of priority

(258–260) Proposals to eliminate contradiction between Articles 11.7 and 11.8 and to equate non‐fossil with fossil names of dinophytes for purposes of priority

(282) Proposal to amend Article 60 Note 4 by specifying possible options of the grammatical gender and number of epithets honouring certain non‐binary persons

Article 60.8 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. 159. 2018) explains the terminations of specific and infraspecific epithets derived from personal names; in particular, the grammatical gender-determined terminations applied depending on the gender of a person. However, the epithets mentioned in this Article refer only to persons of either the male or female gender. I consider such an approach as not covering all currently recognized gender identities. In particular, it does not take into account non-binary people whose gender identities are beyond the binary gender system (e.g. Matsuno & Budge in Curr. Sex. Health Rep. 9: 116–120. 2017; see also https://nonbinary.wiki/wiki/Main_Page, accessed 22 Mar 2023). Non-binary (also nonbinary) is an umbrella term encompassing several categories of social gender identities falling outside the traditional sociobiological binary gender framework, including persons whose gender identity falls between or outside the basic biological male and female identities, persons who experience being male or female at separate times, and persons who do not experience having a gender identity or reject having a gender identity. It is advisable to use people's preferred pronouns and grammatical gender identifiers (in addition to names and terms for gender). For example, some non-binary people use they/their/them/themselves in singular or have explicitly developed neutral pronouns (also sometimes termed neopronouns), such as xe/xyr/xem/xyrself or ze/zir/zem/zirs, rather than he/his/him/himself or she/her/her/herself (Richards & al. in Int. Rev. Psychiatry 28: 95–102. 2016; Hekanaho in Neuphilol. Mitteilungen 121: 498–509. 2020). The first person in Australia in 2003 and the first person in the United States in 2016 obtained legal recognition of their non-binary gender. Therefore, I propose to amend Art. 60 Note 4. “Note 4. If the gender and/or number of a substantival epithet derived from a personal name is/are inappropriate for the gender and/or number of the person(s) whom the name commemorates, the termination is to be corrected in conformity with Art. 60.8. However, the grammatical gender used for a person whom the epithet commemorates may be determined by the preferred gender identity of that person. Also, an epithet honouring a non-binary person in some cases may be created by adding -iorum, -iarum, or another indicator of grammatical plurality.” The proposed amendment will not affect the stability of existing nomenclature but will provide for the future an option of forming epithets of scientific names of organisms with due consideration of the gender identities and rights of non-binary people. I am grateful to Nicholas J. Turland (Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany) and John H. Wiersema (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.) for their useful comments and editing. Sergei L. Mosyakin (M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine) also provided his comments and advice.

Typification of the scientific names of the common almond Prunus dulcis and its wild relative P. webbii (Rosaceae, Prunoideae)

AbstractThe typifications of the scientific names of the common almond Amygdalus dulcis (≡ Prunus dulcis; Rosaceae, Prunoideae) and the Mediterranean almond tree A. webbii (≡ P. webbii), a wild relative of the common almond, are discussed. Amygdalus dulcis is neotypified on a specimen at VAL recently collected from a living tree of the variety of almond most similar to the original description. Amygdalus webbii is lectotypified on a specimen preserved at P collected by Pierre Martin Rémi Aucher‐Éloy.

The acclimatization compartment and growth hormone impact on the life percentage of endangered Hopea gregaria tree species.

In Southeast Sulawesi province, Indonesia there is an endemic tree species with the scientific name of Hopea gregaria Slooten belonging to Dipterocarpaceae family. The wildings of this species, named pooti locally, were available abundantly at Nipa-Nipa Grand Forest Park. These wildings may be collected for plant procurement programs. Unsustainable forest exploitation management in the past and also forest fire, have caused this species is classified as an endangered forest tree species in Indonesia and this tree species really needs to be sustained. This study was carried out at the glasshouse of the Association of Indonesian Mycorrhizae in the Southeast Sulawesi branch for three months. A factorial completely randomized design was used, consisting of 2 factors namely provision of acclimatization compartment, without and with cover, and Rootone-F concentration of 0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm. An analysis of variance (F-test) was used, if the result was significant, further analyses using Duncan Multiple Range Test will be done. Results revealed that the acclimatization compartment and Rootone-F interaction had no effect on all variables. However, acclimatization can increase the life percentage of shoots, wildings’ height, and number and leaf length. In the beginning, natural wildings rely on acclimatization while Rootone-F increases wildings’ height.

(261–266) Proposals to amend the Code to update regulations of the nomenclature of fossils

(261–266) Proposals to amend the <i>Code</i> to update regulations of the nomenclature of fossils

Banana Peel: A potential waste product with numerous pharmacological activities

Plants have been used as a traditional medicine for generations. Recently the pharmaceutical industries are showing a great interest in using plant extracts in pharmaceutical product development due to the uses of the plants in the treatment of various diseases. Banana is a world-wide edible fruit which comes from south-east Asia. It belongs to the genus Musa and is of two types, sweet banana, and plantain. It has many different species in the world, which are divided into 50 groups. The scientific names of cultivated bananas are Musa accuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa paradisiaca belonging to the family Musaceae. The present review discusses the various pharmacological activities of the banana peel.

Diversity, distribution, and conservation status of fish species in Kallar Stream, Achankovil River, Western Ghats of Kerala, India

The current study presents the findings of fish species inventories conducted at 12 locations in ‘Kallar’, the perennial tributary of the undammed Achankovil River that flows through the Achankovil Reserve Forest in Kerala State. A new checklist of ichthyofauna is prepared, by adding the updated scientific names, which comprises 35 species from 27 genera, 13 families, and eight orders. In order of abundance, Opsarius bakeri, Salmostoma boopis, and Garra surendranathanii were the most prevalent species in the Kallar tributary. Eight of the total species documented are listed as threatened on IUCN Red List. The study reports the presence of a poorly known smiliogastrin cyprinid, Dawkinsia lepida for the first time in the Achankovil River as well as the range expansion of the threatened catfish, Batasio travancoria, and the Malabar Spiny Eel Macrognathus guentheri to the Kallar tributary. The study also reports a species of Balitora from Kallar, distinct from its congeners in several morphometric and meristic characteristics. The absence of any non-native fish species in the study area revealed the pristine nature of the stream habitat. A comparison of diversity indices with the available pre-flood study revealed that the fish species composition in Kallar stream has not altered as a result of the 2018 catastrophic flood. The main existing threat is the practice of destructive fishing at high levels by local communities adjacent to but outside the forest area during the dry season by damming the streamlets and then applying plant-based piscicides. It is recommended that fishing be banned during dry season because this is the time of year when the majority of the upstream fishes breed. The existing environment and fisheries acts should also be strictly enforced. For the sake of future conservation, the competent authorities should see to it that the last remaining natural forest cover in the Kanayar and Kallar ranges are safeguarded from being converted to forest plantations.

OIKONYM WITH FORMANT -YN-TCI – AN IMPORTANT SOURCE FOR THE RECOVERY OF FAVORABLE ANTHROPONYMS (IN NAMES OF THE KHMELNYCHCHYNA’S SETTLEMENTS)

Introduction. The article analyzes six oikonyms of the modern Khmelnychchynawith the formant -yn-tsi (Verborodyntsi, Voludryntsi, Molomolyntsi, Mushkutyntsi, Putryntsi, Syrvatyntsi). The motivation of their creative foundations (group names of residents) and derived from anthroponyms (not preserved in Ukrainian names) were interesting for analysis. An etymological interpretation of the corresponding personal names is offered: *Velboroda, *Volodra, *Molomola ‹ *Malomola, *Mozgota, *Putra(ya) ‹ *Potra(ya), *Servata.&#x0D; Purpose. This paper intends to describe the primary (historical) forms of oikonyms Verborodyntsi, Voludryntsi, Molomolyntsi, Mushkutyntsi, Putryntsi, Syrvatyntsi. The study is an attempt to carry out their word-formation analysis and present the etymological analysis of the anthroponyms created for the corresponding oikonymos, and find out the motivation of their appellative semantics.&#x0D; Object of study. The author described the Khmelnychchyna’s oikonyms with the formant -yn-tsi:Verborodyntsi, Voludryntsi, Molomolyntsi, Mushkutyntsi, Putryntsi, Syrvatyntsi. The subject of the analysis is the word-forming characteristics these oikonyms, etymological (derivative and semantic) analysis of the creative anthroponyms *Velboroda, *Volodra, *Molomola ‹ *Malomola, *Mozgota, *Putra(ya) ‹ *Potra(ya), *Servata.&#x0D; Research methods. In the analysis of oikonyms, the author used a descriptive method, with which he characterizes the word-forming structure of names Verborodyntsi, Voludryntsi, Molomolyntsi, Mushkutyntsi, Putryntsi, Syrvatyntsi. The article also uses the technique of etymological analysis – etymons of creative anthroponyms are established*Velboroda, *Volodra, *Molomola ‹ *Malomola, *Mozgota, *Putra(ya) ‹ *Potra(ya), *Servata.&#x0D; Research results. The article defines possessives with the suffix -уn, basic for group names of residents, creative for oikonyms Verborodyntsi, Voludryntsi, Molomolyntsi, Mushkutyntsi, Putryntsi, Syrvatyntsi. He restored the anthroponyms created for them *Velboroda, *Volodra, *Molomola ‹ *Malomola, *Mozgota, *Putra(ya) ‹ *Potra(ya), *Servata. The etymological forms for the specified personal names were established. The motivation behind the semantics of their foundations was clarified.&#x0D; Conclusions. The author explained the original (phonetic) forms Velborodyntsi, Volodryntsi, Mozhotуntsi, Servatуntsi based on the analysis of the historical forms of the oikonyms Verborodyntsi, Voludryntsi, Mushkutyntsi, Putryntsi, Syrvatyntsi. The name Putryntsi did not undergo structural changes during its functioning. The creative anthroponyms *Velboroda, *Volodra, *Molomola ‹ *Malomola, *Mozgota, *Putra(ya) ‹ *Potra(ya), *Servata were mostly formed on local Ukrainian soil as nicknames (*Velboroda, *Volodra, *Molomola ‹ * Malomola, *Mozgota, *Putra(ya) ‹ Potra(ya)) and only the name *Servata was formed as a folk variant before the Christian Servatius. The study established the anthroponym’s etymons on the basis of etymological analysis. It is shown that these anthroponyms have a predominantly Slavic basis, with the exception of the genetically Latin name Servatius.

LATIN PROPER NAMES IN THE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE OF THE ANCIENT ROME

Introduction. The fact that almost all contemporary European countries used to be part Roman Empire in the ancient past follows the question at what extend the culture and the way of living have affected the peoples in the different Provinces. Traces are observed in many layers – even in the field of onomastics and the patterns of naming.&#x0D; The purpose of the present paper is to establish the main principles of formation of Roman personal name system, its structure and development.&#x0D; Background and motivations. Most of the Latin names became extremely popular throughout the centuries due to the fact that they became canonized by the Church. As names of saints and martyrs and because of Christianity gaining popularity as a religion a lot of onyms, part of the Roman personal name system, enter other anthroponymicons. But being foreign their meaning in most of the cases remains unclear to the common people even today.&#x0D; Methodology. The main methods used are onomastic data excerption and comparative analysis.&#x0D; The expected results are related to describing the appearance and etymology of anthroponyms, Latin by origin, widely spread even today in contemporary European onomastycons.

NAMES OF PLANTS AND THEIR HEALING EFFECTS IN MEDICINAE EX HOLERIBUS ET POMIS BY GARGILIUS MARTIALIS

Introduction. The present text is analyzing parts of the Latin treaty dedicated to the healing nature of plants. The text Medicinae ex Holeribus et Pomis by Gargillius Martialis is a compilation of names of plants and their effects on human body. We could try to identify a relation between the plant’s name and its use regarding the disease in relation with its qualities. The treaty occupies an important place in the medial ancient literature as it gives a picture for the knowledge of herbs and their classification as mediations. Purpose. The text aims to discuss some plants names used in the treaty for depicting their characteristics and qualities and how they could serve for healing a certain disease. Materials and methodology. The descriptive method is used in comparison with translation of the names in modern English. Citations from the original text are inserted in Latin to illustrate the what characteristics are typical for to each plant and what are the effects provoked in the body. Results. Latin names of plants refer to modern names that predominantly originate of Latin or Greek. The fact is that these plants are still popular and the relation of their medical use in the past and modern studies about them reveals the historical developments of classification and use. Conclusions. The text of Gargilius Martialis is witnessing some very important things about names of plants, theirs cultivation and use. Nevertheless, medial methods and treatments rely on experience and observation, we are likely to admit that a scientific approach is present, because this work is an analytical study of pharmaceutical properties.

Adventures in Naming EBD Realities: How Words Matter for Special Education

General labels tend to obscure objective realities upon which disability rights are based and can deny individuals with disabilities their educational and civil rights. Undoubtedly, stigma can come from labels unnecessarily categorizing people into separate groups. However, stigma does not reside primarily in disability categories/terms but in what people think of words’ referents. The replacement of the old disability categories/terms with new ones is a case of what is called the “euphemism treadmill,” showing how concepts and mentally represented realities, not words, are the key issue. However, in the case of disabilities, scientific names are unavoidable for the purposes of research, education, advocacy, and social welfare. Some people try to avoid naming special education and its derivatives just as they do in the case of disability categories. We argue that scientifically validated disability and special education labels are necessary and legitimate classifications required for progress in disability research and practice. They provide the most direct route to legally protecting and serving individuals with educational disabilities.

&lt;i&gt;Chrysoritis&lt;/i&gt; Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) – Part III: An integrative taxonomic revision

A taxonomic revision of Chrysoritis butterflies based on morphological, ecological and distributional data cross validated with molecular phylogenetic analyses by Quek et al. (2022) is presented. The number of Chrysoritis species is raised from 43 to 49, of which 37 (previously 28) are in the thysbe clade. The taxonomic changes are summarised as follows: Synonymised and reduced to subspecific status: C. chrysaor natalensis stat. nov. (van Son); C. lyncurium lycegenes stat. nov. (Trimen 1874) and C. chrysaor midas stat. nov. (Pennington). Reassigned subspecies: C. zwartbergae rubrescens stat. nov. Heath &amp; Pringle. Elevated to specific status: C. whitei stat. rev. (Dickson); C. wykehami stat. rev. (Dickson); C. mithras stat. rev. (Pringle); C. aridimontis stat. nov. Heath &amp; Pringle; C. amatola stat. nov. (Dickson &amp; McMaster), C. stepheni stat. rev. (Dickson); C. williami stat. rev. Heath and C. lysander stat. rev. (Pennington) from the Kamiesberg area; C. zwartbergae stat. nov (Dickson). The former C. thysbe subspecies osbecki reverts to form, f. osbecki stat. rev. The binomial name pan lysander is no longer in use, being superseded by the above changes. An updated list of larval host plants and host ants for Chrysoritis is provided, as well as the conservation status of each species.

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL EVALUATION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF A NUTRITIONAL LOW-CALORIE SNACK BASED ON SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS)

The consumption of granola based on sweet potatoes and nuts provides a large amount of vitamins, minerals, fiber and water and promotes the use of foods with natural sweeteners, the purpose of this work was the production of sweet potato granola with the inclusion of sweet potato As a thickening agent, this tuber whose scientific name is (Ipomoea Batata) has a large amount of vitamin A, proteins and minerals, which in a certain way would contribute to the improvement of the quality of the granola. The type of research is quantitative with a completely randomized design with two treatments T0 (white treatment) that only consists of dried fruits and T1 (sample treatment) that consists of the combination of the tuber that is the sweet potato with the nuts. All the treatments presented a pH, ash and humidity within the allowed range. The research was based on the production of sweetener foods, super-foods natural snacks based on a very important tuber such as sweet potato, and panela was used as a natural sweetener using the parameters found in the INEN standards. The final product that is sweet potato granola had very good acceptability.

Examining expertise: Synthetic biology experts' perceptions of risk, benefit, and the public for research and applications regulation.

Scientific experts can play an important role in decision-making surrounding policy for technical and value-laden issues, often in contexts that directly affect lay publics. Yet little is known about what characterizes scientific experts who want lay public involvement in decision-making. In this study, we examine how synthetic biology experts' perceptions of risks, benefits, and ambivalence for synthetic biology relate to views of lay publics, deference to scientific authority, and regulations. We analyzed survey data of researchers in the United States, who published academic articles relating to synthetic biology from 2000 to 2015. Scientific experts who see less risk and are more deferent to scientific authority appear to favor a more closed system in which regulations are sufficient, citizens should not be involved, and scientists know best. Conversely, scientific experts who see more potential for risk and see the public as bringing a valuable perspective appear to favor a more open, inclusive system.

Stamps as a cultural value related to the biodiversity of insects

Biodiversity has been studied by many specialists and is the same as the terminology “biological diversity” with more than 1.8 million species with Latin name (Scientific name). The insects as a big group have between 751.000 to 950.000 species [1]. Recently, with molecular characterization, some groups get a different point of view [2-4].