Scientific Assumptions Research Articles

Analysis of the Impact of Selected Dynamic Parameters of a Motor Vehicle on CO2 Emissions Using Logistic Regression

The article analyzes the impact of selected operational parameters of internal combustion engine vehicles on CO2 emissions. The study was preceded by a detailed analysis of the issues related to CO2 emissions in the EU, with a focus on Poland, where the tests were conducted. The key scientific assumption is that individual vehicle users’ behaviors significantly impact global CO2 emissions. Daily use of private vehicles, driving style, and attention to fuel efficiency contribute to cumulative effects that can drive the transformation toward more sustainable transport. Therefore, the study was conducted using real-time empirical data obtained from the vehicles’ OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) diagnostic systems. This approach enabled the creation of a diagnostic tool allowing each vehicle user to assess CO2 emissions and ultimately manage its levels, which is the biggest innovation of the work. Two levels of CO2 emissions were identified as categorical variables in the model, considered either ecological or non-ecological from the perspective of sustainable transport. The CO2 emission threshold of 200 g/km was adopted based on the average age of vehicles in Poland (14.5 years) and Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Three models of logistic regression dedicated to different driving cycle phases—starting, urban driving, and highway driving—were proposed and compared. This study demonstrated that during vehicle starting, the most significant factors influencing the probability of ecological driving are vehicle velocity, relative engine load, and relative throttle position, while for the other two types of movement, engine power and torque should also be considered. The logistic regression model for vehicle start-up obtained a value of sensitivity at about 82% and precision at about 85%. In the case of urban driving, the values of the discussed parameters reach significantly higher levels, with sensitivity at around 96% and precision at about 92%. In turn, the model related to highway driving achieved the highest values among the created models, with sensitivity at around 97% and precision at about 93%.

Introduction: Social theorists and the First World War

This Special Issue examines the ways in which emerging or established social theorists from Continental Europe and the United States were personally and politically involved in and affected by the First the First World War (WWI), and considers how the war shaped their sociological theories. WWI was a pivotal moment that transformed global and historical systems in ways that challenged conventional social scientific assumptions about the supposed shift from “traditional” to “modern” societies and compelled sociologists to reconsider the impact of industry and military affairs on everyday life. The period from 1914 to 1918 has typically been ignored or bracketed by later scholars as a largely inconsequential gap in an otherwise uninterrupted flow of intellectual production. By considering not only individual theorists and their social networks but also the transformation of the discipline as a whole, the contributors to this Special Issue offer a systematic assessment of the relevance of this formative period in the development of sociological theory and of the impact of war in shaping the modern world. The Editors’ Introduction highlights how the scale and intensity of the total war that engaged the countries of Europe and North America in 1914 came as a shock to most intellectuals, even though nationalistic wars had become familiar to them from the precious century. The central role of nation-states in carrying out what was at the time was called the European War, and later came to be known as the First World War, made it impossible for social scientists and other intellectuals in the belligerent countries to remain neutral. Even those who were not directly active in or publicly vocal about the war felt compelled to take a stand, and many reached their highest level of public visibility and political influence during the WWI era, often beyond the reputation they achieved before or after. The complex problems emerging within the nation-state system that the war had exposed renewed their sense of professional duty and patriotic loyalty while focussing their attention on questions concerning the geopolitics of international warfare and peace; the role of the modern state and its bureaucratic institutions; the nature of civil society and ethnic communities; the forces of political economy and cultural mobilization; and the emancipatory potential of colonial capitalism and racialized imperialism.

A New Framework for Food Catering Price Determination

This article aims to propose a reasonable quantitative (mathematical) expressions for the price calculation of food-manufacturing products. Little research has been conducted on the validity of food product pricing; thus we have identified a need for a thorough, systematic investigation in this area. The suggested three methods are also applicable for developing the artificial intelligence system to solve raw food material (resources) quantity management and other inventory issues in collaboration with the food suppliers. We consider the option of an appropriate pricing strategy in the profit-making catering and other food production firms to be a relevant scientific issue, which we have have addressed and proposed solutions for in this article. By analyzing different scientific assumptions and attitudes, informed quantitative decisions were made. We also developed and described quantitative expressions for determining the price of food products using mathematical formulas. Also, we found that a simple three-digit rule, based on logic and proportional modeling of actions, as the main instrument is the most effective approach for formulating these pricing models. Original and innovative mathematical methods for the price accounting of food production have been created and explained. We have also explained how each of the three suggested methods works, along with their advantages and disadvantages in certain situations. Using these recommended methods of pricing will allow food companies to achieve more appropriate commercial results and to make less expenditure for decisions regarding the pricing of food products. In the article, we explained how to calculate the prices of food and catering companies using simple math. The application of any of the three mentioned techniques regarding existing circumstance will enable food production companies to ensure a straightforward yet accurate determination of the product price that aligns with the current situation.

The indelible role of the interpretive researcher's fore-structure in traversing the hermeneutic circle.

Phenomenological researchers are obliged to grasp the epistemological and ontological differences between the Husserlian and Heideggerian branches of phenomenology to avoid misappropriating phenomenological terms or mischaracterizing study design. To that end, we spell out the key differences between both phenomenological traditions as background for describing the indelible role that the researcher's background assumptions, or fore-structure, play in interpretive studies. We draw on our four studies to illustrate how we traversed the hermeneutic circle to disclose, challenge, and refine the personal, cultural, clinical, and scientific assumptions hidden in our fore-structures. Our reflections highlight how understanding evolves, not by bracketing or disengaging ourselves from the phenomena we study, but by engaging in an open dialogthat seeks understanding as lived by patients and families.

Construction of effective reproduction number of infectious disease individuals based on spatiotemporal discriminant search model: take hand-foot-mouth disease as an example

ObjectiveIn order to facilitate the tracing of infectious diseases in a small area and to effectively carry out disease control and epidemiological investigations, this research proposes a novel spatiotemporal model to estimate effective reproduction number(Re)for infectious diseases, based on the fundamental concept of contact tracing.MethodsThis study utilizes the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) among children in Bishan District, Chongqing, China from 2015 to 2019. The study incorporates the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD and aims to construct a Spatiotemporal Correlation Discrimination of HFMD. Utilizing ARC ENGINE and C# programming for the creation of a spatio-temporal database dedicated to HFMD to facilitate data collection and analysis. The scientific validity of the proposed method was verified by comparing the effective reproduction number obtained by the traditional SEIR model.ResultsWe have ascertained the optimal search radius for the spatiotemporal search model to be 1.5 km. Upon analyzing the resulting Re values, which range from 1.14 to 4.75, we observe a skewed distribution pattern from 2015 to 2019. The median and quartile Re value recorded is 2.42 (1.98, 2.72). Except for 2018, the similarity coefficient r of the years 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2019 were all close to 1, and p <0.05 in the comparison of the two models, indicating that the Re values obtained by using the search model and the traditional SEIR model are correlated and closely related. The results exhibited similarity between the Re curves of both models and the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD. Finally, we illustrated the regional distribution of Re values obtained by the search model at various time intervals on Geographic Information System (GIS) maps which highlighted variations in the incidence of diseases across different communities, neighborhoods, and even smaller areas.ConclusionThe model comprehensively considers both temporal variation and spatial heterogeneity in disease transmission and accounts for each individual's distinct time of onset and spatial location. This proposed method differs significantly from existing mathematical models used for estimating Re in that it is founded on reasonable scientific assumptions and computer algorithms programming that take into account real-world spatiotemporal factors. It is particularly well-suited for estimating the Re of infectious diseases in relatively stable mobile populations within small geographical areas.

Parameter Estimation of Chikungunya in the Case of Incomplete Information about Its Model

This paper presents solutions to the problem of parameter estimation of mathematical model of Chikungunya with incomplete information about the model parameters. The process involves finding a set of unknown parameters from the given model such that the behavior of the predicted system reflects the original behavior (measurement) using the same scientific assumptions. To achieve this, we solve the differential equations which describe the relation between unknown functions and their derivatives using the fundamental theorem of ordinary differential equation (ODE) (i.e., the theorem of existence) to obtain solutions for the initial value problems. The solutions to the ODE give unknown parameters which functionally depend on the original unknown parameters. And these parameters have two constraints between them. We further find solutions to the constraints minimization problem to obtain estimations of a-parameters. But, the method of constraint minimization problem stipulates the ill-conditioned problem and makes it impossible to accurately identify a-parameters. It is necessary therefore to formulate the goal function using the Least squares method to determine the unknown parameters. This method works reliably well and converges at a large interval of initial guess values of parameters.

Advancing a Holistic Framework for Classifying SAI Performance Audit Impact Factors: Integrated Scientific Assumptions

The article raises the problem of the need to reconceptualize the framework of the impact factors of the performance audit performed by Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI). The research aims to identify performance audit impact factors and propose an expanded, comprehensive framework. To implement the aim, the integrative method of scientific literature analysis is employed. Throughout the study, a systematic exploration of scientific literature is conducted to identify and organize hypothetical and previously researched impact factors discussed by scholars. The identified factors are aggregated according to their characteristics, meaning, or nature, and are divided into ten pillars: accountability, context, legitimacy, political overtones, quality of the performance audit, social relations, stakeholders, logic of public administration, the multifunctional activity of performance audit, and the individual. The broader framework of performance audit impact factors created will be beneficial for further research into managing these factors, enhancing evaluation opportunities, enabling performance auditors to mitigate associated risks, and capitalizing on the positive properties of these factors.

The psychology of sexual and gender diversity in the 21st century: Social technologies and stories of authenticity.

The 21st century has seen shifts in social and scientific understandings of gender and sexuality in the United States. From the legitimization of same-sex marriage to the heightened visibility of transgender identities, nonbinary gender, and forms of intimate diversity such as asexuality, kink, and polyamory, core cultural and scientific assumptions about gender and sexuality have been challenged. This article situates these changes in the historical context of 21st century social technologies, which challenge traditional sources of authority about information and provide enhanced opportunities for individuals to experience authenticity in gender and sexuality. We frame authenticity as a master cultural narrative in the United States characterized by feeling a heightened sense of self-authorship and alignment between inner experience and embodiment of gender and sexuality. Five narratives now circulate in the United States, four of which support sexual and gender diversity: (a) gender as self-constructed; (b) sexuality as plural, playful, flexible, and fluid; (c) sexuality and monogamy as cultural compulsions; and (d) intersectionality as central to the experience of sexuality and gender. A fifth narrative seeking to legitimize hierarchies (e.g., patriarchy) is hostile to sexual and gender diversity but remains anchored in a metanarrative of authenticity and has benefitted equally from the affordances of social technologies. This historical moment provides researchers and practitioners with the opportunity to more intentionally ground their work in lived experience, challenge normative thinking about sexuality and gender, practice affirmation, center the phenomenon of diversity over discrete identity categories in an ever-exclusionary acronym (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and more identities [LGBTQ+]), and embrace fluid and nonlinear narratives of social change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Effectiveness of natural probiotics in food

Introduction and purposeThe term "probiotic" rooted in Latin, signifies 'for life,' reflecting the historical use of fermented products for therapeutic purposes. Defined by the WHO as living microorganisms conferring health benefits when consumed adequately, probiotics, mainly bacteria from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, play a vital role in maintaining gut microbiota balance, regulating digestion, supporting the immune system and influencing mental and cardiovascular health. While browsing many websites devoted to healthy eating or popular science topics, we often came across the topic of probiotic food without any confirmation by scientific research. The aim of this paper is to confirm or exclude the presence of probiotics in popular foods.&#x0D; Material and method&#x0D; In our work, we will look at individual products with an emphasis on verifying whether the microorganisms they contain meet the WHO criteria of probiotics.&#x0D; Results&#x0D; Our review managed to prove the probiotic effect of almost all presented food, except for miso. By reviewing many articles, we shed a lot of uncertainty on the repeated myth about the lack of probiotic effect of cucumbers preserved in vinegar and what is more, we found scientific assumptions about the probiotic effect of vinegar itself.&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; Fermented food contains numerous strains of bacteria that are resistant to acid, bile and temperature in the human digestive tract and can be effectively used as a source of probiotics.&#x0D; What is more, compared with probiotics from the pharmacy, pickles provide not only probiotics, but also nutritional values, valuable fiber and vitamins. They seem to be a versatile supplement for our health.

CREATIVE APPROACHES TO STRENGTHENING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE

The article emphasizes the importance of implementing creative approaches to strengthening the company's competitiveness as the formation of a new style of strategic management of the processes of forming unique competitive advantages, improving the competitive situation, and increasing the competitive potential. The analysis of the latest research and publications proved the formation of various scientific assumptions regarding the selection and implementation of creative approaches to strengthening the competitiveness of the enterprise. Basic provisions for the implementation of creative approaches to strengthening the competitiveness of the enterprise have been determined. It was emphasized that a correctly chosen creative approach forms the rules and methods of effectively achieving the strategic goals of strengthening the company's competitiveness. The basic procedures for the development and implementation of creative approaches to strengthening the competitiveness of the enterprise, which are focused on improving the resource management system and choosing strategic vectors for the development of entrepreneurial activity, have been defined. It was established that the use of creative approaches is a leading tool for effective management of the enterprise's competitiveness, as a result of which it is possible to achieve its strengthening in a strategic perspective. Creativity is evidenced by the use of a completely new toolkit in strengthening the competitiveness of the enterprise and, importantly, in all areas of business development. Therefore, a creative approach should be considered as a strategic decision, the content of which involves the definition of goals and objectives, the achievement of which becomes possible if a completely new methodology is followed, and this is the conceptual basis of strengthening the competitiveness of the enterprise.

Whole blood stimulation provides preliminary evidence of altered immune function following SRC

PurposeTo implement an approach combining whole blood immune stimulation and causal modelling to estimate the impact of sport-related concussion (SRC) on immune function.MethodsA prospective, observational cohort study was conducted on athletes participating across 13 university sports at a single academic institute; blood was drawn from 52 athletes, comprised of 22 athletes (n = 11 male, n = 11 female) within seven days of a physician-diagnosed SRC, and 30 healthy athletes (n = 18 female, n = 12 male) at the beginning of their competitive season. Blood samples were stimulated for 24 h under two conditions: (1) lipopolysaccharide (lps, 100ng/mL) or (2) resiquimod (R848, 1uM) using the TruCulture® system. The concentration of 45 cytokines and chemokines were quantitated in stimulated samples by immunoassay using the highly sensitive targeted Proximity Extension Assays (PEA) on the Olink® biomarker platform. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was used as a heuristic model to make explicit scientific assumptions regarding the effect of SRC on immune function. A latent factor analysis was used to derive two latent cytokine variables representing immune function in response to LPS and R848 stimulation, respectively. The latent variables were then modelled using student-t regressions to estimate the total causal effect of SRC on immune function.ResultsThere was an effect of SRC on immune function in males following SRC, and it varied according to prior concussion history. In males with no history of concussion, those with an acute SRC had lower LPS reactivity compared to healthy athletes with 93% posterior probability (pprob), and lower R848 reactivity with 77% pprob. Conversely, in males with a history of SRC, those with an acute SRC had higher LPS reactivity compared to healthy athletes with 85% pprob and higher R848 reactivity with 82%. In females, irrespective of concussion history, SRC had no effect on LPS reactivity. However, in females with no concussion history, those with an acute SRC had higher R848 reactivity compared to healthy athletes with 86% pprob.ConclusionWhole blood stimulation can be used within a causal framework to estimate the effect of SRC on immune function. Preliminary evidence suggests that SRC affects LPS and R848 immunoreactivity, that the effect is stronger in male athletes, and differs based on concussion history. Replication of this study in a larger cohort with a more sophisticated causal model is necessary.

Data Validation and Scientific Assumption of Impartiality in Accounting by Horkheimer’s Verstand

In this paper we discuss by Horkheimer’s perspective of instrumental reason (verstand), aspects related to data validation and impartiality in accounting research. In proposing the denial of absolute truth, Adorno &amp; Horkheimer (1985) distinguishes two reasons: Verstand (instrumental reason) and Vernunft (substantial reason). The Verstand, as an expression of modernity and it science, is the character of reason purely formal, operational, ordering data. In other words, Verstand is the idea that the truth is known, or which must first seek a formula to put into practice only after. On the other hand, Vernunft is dialectical reason, a temporary fact, due to historical factors. Through Vernunft is possible to question the unquestionable, overcome the conclusive truth and objective authority. Thus, we show briefly an evolutionary view of accounting in order to highlight the development of accounting thought until a traditional theoretical perspective adopted. Then we make a counterpoint to this traditional perspective by verstand. In our discussion, we claim from researchers a choice between vernunft or verstand and make clear the data limitations into interpretations inside instrumental idea. We do not intend to propose in this article any ways to change the current paradigm in accounting. On the contrary, supported in Adorno (2009) displays as negative dialectics, this article aims solely to foster and mature debate, supported the substantial reason (Vernunft). As a result, by adding the verstand perspective in accounting research some interesting insights and interpretation will be provided by future research. In so doing, we expect a special attention to epistemological position which improve the data validation.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ОБРАЗУ ВОЛОДИМИРА СВЯТОГО В ПИСЕМНИХ ПАМ’ЯТКАХ КИЇВСЬКОЇ РУСІ (ад’єктивно-субстантивний аспект)

The article is devoted to the study of the features of conceptualizing the image of Volodymyr Svyatoslavych (Volodymyr the Saint) in East Slavic written monuments of the 11th-13th centuries, to the reconstruction of the static socio-ethical portrait of the grand duke in the substantive-adjective aspect. It has been found that the socio-ethical portrait of the Volodymyr the Saint is built with the help of fifteen laudatory epithets (блаженыи, свѧтыи, страньнолюбьць, etc.), which implement the semantics of devotion to the Christian faith, righteousness, divine holiness, benevolence, respect, truthfulness, courage. A special role in creating an individualized image of Volodymyr belongs to the use of words that were almost never used in relation to a person (божьствьныи, прѣмоужьственыи, славьныи, трьблаженыи, чьстьныи). The assessment lexemes are attested in autonomous use and in the composition of the formulaic syntagms «честьныи и славьныи», «благовѣрныи и христолюбивыи», «милостивъ къ нищимъ и къ сиротамъ и къ вдовицамъ». The predominant majority of laudatory epithets used next to the name of the grand duke are hagiographic terms (блаженикъ, блаженыи, христолюбьць, благовѣрьныи, etc.). The semantics and the frequency of use of lexemes страньнолюбьць, прѣмоужьственыи, равьнохристолюбьць, равьнохристосолюбьць, блаженыи, трьблаженыи have been clarified. The lexemes блаженыи, трьблаженыи, страньнолюбьць have more specific meanings than it is indicated in the dictionaries; in the use of the epithet прѣмоужьственыи about Volodymyr, there is an influence of ancient Bulgarian Christian literature; the composite равьнохристолюбьць arose as a result of Hilarion’s word-making; the use of the epithet правьдивъ contains an allusion to a quote from Paremiynyk. Peculiarities of the use of the words блаженыи and трьблаженыи in the portrait of Volodymyr reveals the position of Iakov Mnih in the matter of canonization of the prince. The mention of Volodymyr in «Life of Alexander Nevsky» contains an allusion to the history of Saints Theodore and John and the history of the Apostle Paul. Chronology of the use of a hagiographic term свѧтыи next to the name of Volodymyr testifies in favor of scientific assumptions that he was recognized as a saint in the period between the second half of the 11th century and the middle of the 13th century. Semantics and specifics of the use of assessment adjectives and substantives in «The Tale of Bygone Years», «Memory and Praise to Prince Volodymer» by Iakov Mnih, «Sermon on Law and Grace» by the Kievan Metropolitan Hilarion, texts about Boris and Glib and other literary monuments 11th-13th century testify to the fact that in the aspect of the adjectival-substantive expression of the moral assessment of the Volodymyr his church praise is dominated. The absence of an idealized socio-ethical portrait of Volodymyr modeled with the help of laudatory epithets in «The Tale of Bygone Years» is caused by the dualistic nature of his personality as a pagan prince and a Christian prince. The use of laudatory epithets-designations, the simile of the Volodymyr to holy martyrs, biblical prophets, holy Caesars (above all to Constantine the Great), served as a factor in the conceptualization of his image in Eastern Slavic religious texts of the 11th-13th centuries and created the ground for for the liturgical honoring of the prince. The double name Volodymyr-Vasily semantically symbolized the combination of royal and church power, marked such key connections of Prince Volodymyr with his spiritual patron — Basil the Great, as actions in the field of Christianity, receiving the heavenly protection of Basil the Great, honoring the memory of Basil the Great in Korsun’ and Kyiv.

Directional Scopaesthesia and Its Implications for Theories of Vision

The sense of being stared at, or scopaesthesia, is very common, and its existence is supported by experimental evidence. However, it contravenes the standard scientific assumption, dating back to Kepler’s discovery of retinal images in 1604, that vision involves only the inward movement of light – intromission – but not the outward movement of images or attention – extramission. From this point of view, scopaesthesia is impossible. Yet, paradoxically, the conventional explanation of virtual images in mirrors is still based on Euclid’s (c. 300 BC) extramission theory, and most people implicitly believe in visual extramission, which could help provide a basis for scopaesthesia. If scopaesthesia depends only on the detection of another’s attention, it could conceivably be a scalar phenomenon, with a magnitude but not direction, analogous to telephone telepathy, in which people feel who is calling but do not know where they are. In this case, scopaesthesia would tell us little about the nature of vision. But if scopaesthesia is normally directional, enabling those stared at to detect the direction from which the look is coming, it would be more like a vector phenomenon, with both magnitude and direction and would provide evidence for visual extramission. Experimental tests of scopaesthesia have so far been devoted to establishing its existence and have not looked at its directionality. Here, we examine the natural history of the phenomenon based on a collection of 960 case histories collected over 25 years involving both humans and non-human animals. This collection includes more than 80 interviews with surveillance officers, detectives, martial arts teachers, celebrity photographers, wildlife photographers, and hunters who have extensive experience of watching people or non-human animals. In 466 (49%) of the cases, directional effects were explicit, in that the person or animal looked at responded by turning and looking directly back at the looker rather than searching at random for the source of attention. In 186 (19%) of the cases directional effects were implicit. In most of the other cases, directional effects were not mentioned, usually because they were general statements lacking detail. In online surveys, including a survey of a group of skeptics, the great majority of respondents said they had experienced directional scopaesthesia. We conclude that directionality is a normal feature of scopaesthesia in real-life situations and suggest that this finding supports the idea that minds are extended beyond brains and that this extension involves some kind of visual extramission. We quote from more than 40 case histories and, in the online Supplementary Material make the entire collection of 960 cases available to those who would like to look at the data for themselves.

Peristaltic transport of radiative and dissipative MHD third order nanofluid through the vertical asymmetric channel with heat and mass convection

: The fundamental purpose of the present study is to provide a novel framework for investigating the peristaltic flow through a vertical asymmetric channel filled with a magnetic third order nanofluid model saturated in a porous medium under the influence of varying electrical conductivity. The essential characteristics of Brownian and thermophoresis phenomena are additionally included in the modelling of the heat equation, in besides joule heating, viscous dissipation, heat generation/absorption, and nonlinear thermal radiation. Furthermore, the effects of double diffusion convection are examined, with a small Reynolds number along with extended wavelength examples that reflect biological scientific assumptions are used. The software Mathematica's built-in command ND Solve is implemented to solve the derived nonlinear ordinary differential equations system numerically. One of the most significant phenomena concerning peristaltic motion, known as the trapping phenomenon, has also been spotlighted using contour plots and circulating bolus. The key discoveries showed that the size of the trapping bolus tends to decrease while the density of trapping bolus increases with an enhancement in the temperature- and concentration-dependent electrical conductivity coefficient. Further, for all areas under consideration, the rate of heat and mass transmission is enhanced due to an augmentation in the coefficient of temperature-dependent electrical conductivity.

Solidarity in the Context of Migration: A Philosophical Perspective

Solidarity is a permanent component of social life. In this sense, it becomes a transformative value that clearly connects people and their projects with others. The current situation in the world sharpens the issue of human solidarity. War, migration crises, aggressive globalization, territorial elitism, consumerism, populism, and the ideologization of social discourse lead to the distortion or elimination of the idea of solidarity. Nowadays, there are multi-level and multi-directional changes and transformations in individual and social ethos. Therefore, understanding solidarity requires an analysis of the context in which it is applied, as well as basic scientific assumptions. The article addresses this issue in the context of migration. It consists of three main elements: 1/ Firstly, it explains the philosophical phenomenon of solidarity as a very complex and multi-faceted individual and social reality; 2/ It portrays solidarity as a European virtue and value, which today seems to be experiencing certain difficulties in the EU’s migration policy, particularly revealed by the refugee crisis; 3/ It presents several ways of reflecting on solidarity in the light of representatives of contemporary philosophy and theoreticians of political thought (H.G. Gadamer, J. Dean, A. Grimmel, J. Tischner). These proposals can become an opportunity and a call to reflect on solidarity in times of its axiological and actual deficit.

Temperature‐dependent electrical conductivity impact on radiative and dissipative peristaltic transport of boron nitride‐ethylene glycol nanofluid through asymmetric channels

AbstractMathematical simulation of biological fluids is of upmost significance due to its numerous medical uses. Interpreting various biological flows necessitates a thorough knowledge of the peristaltic mechanism. This paper presents a computational study for the peristaltic pumping within vertical asymmetric channels filled with BN‐EG nanofluid under the influence of temperature‐dependent electrical conductivity and thermal radiation. Experimental study showed that the nanofluid created by suspending Boron Nitride particles in a combination of Ethylene Glycol exhibited non‐Newtonian characteristics. Further, the Carreau's fluid model provides accurate predictions about the rheological properties of BN‐EG nanofluid. Various configurations of the outer boundaries are considered, namely, square wave, multi‐sinusoidal wave, trapezoidal wave, and triangular wave. A uniform magnetic field together with nanoparticles and mass concentrations, joule heating, first‐order chemical reaction as well as viscous dissipation are considered. Influences of the Dufour and Soret numbers are examined, and the cases of biological scientific assumptions which is known as low Reynolds number and long wavelength are applied. All the computations are obtained numerically using Mathematica symbolical software (ND‐Solve), and the obtained results are presented in terms of the axial velocity u, heat transfer rate Z, concentration profile Ω, temperature profile θ, extra stress tensor , pressure gradient , pressure rise and stream function ψ. The major outcomes revealed that the maximizing in electrical conductivity coefficient, variable viscosity coefficient and magnetic field parameter is better to obtain a higher rate of the heat transfer while the increase in thermo‐diffusion effects as well as linear thermal radiation coefficient causes a reduction in the rate of heat transfer.

Futures consciousness and governance transitions for climate adaptation in South African protected areas

ABSTRACT In the context of climate change, protected areas play an important role in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals and addressing resource nexus challenges. However, setting protected areas for long-term conservation is often criticised for using narratives based on political, economic, and scientific assumptions to justify which elements of nature should be conserved and what actions should be implemented, creating a sense that conservation outcomes are desirable and universally accepted. Such narratives exclude other voices, values, and practices, limiting alternative options for the future. Adapting protected areas to climate change requires innovative approaches to address societal challenges and critically examining conservation strategies to make informed decisions under scenarios of change. This article presents the case of the Garden Route National Park in South Africa and the approach used to co-create inclusive visions of the future with local stakeholders. I draw on theoretical insights and empirical data collected through interviews with the park staff to describe the use of futures consciousness as an approach to understanding how people perceive change, prepare for, and embrace the future. I explore how people’s perceptions of change mobilize action to address complex problems and create alternative imaginaries beyond spatial and temporal boundaries. Futures consciousness can contribute to understanding processes that enable or constrain transformation and identifying options for mobilising change towards desired future goals. The findings can help managers examine individual and collective assumptions about adaptation, inform future-oriented practices and advance opportunities for transformational change to build resilient, just futures for nature and people.

System characteristics of realization of competitive advantages of the economy of the regions of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is the scientific substantiation of the systemic aspects of the implementation of the competitive advantages of the economy of the regions of Ukraine, providing characteristics of the features of innovative development and competition of industries, according to which the strategic guidelines for ensuring and increasing the level of competitiveness of the region are agreed upon. In the article, scientific assumptions are made based on the existing trends in the economy of Ukraine and its regional character, which made it possible to systematically clarify the strategic orientations and expected results of the realization of the competitive advantages of the regions. The analysis of the latest research made it possible to conclude the existence of different approaches to realizing the competitive advantages of the regional economy, from which those that reveal the aspects of innovative development and regional competition of industries are highlighted. It is emphasized that the leveling of existing obstacles in the development of the regional economy of Ukraine requires the state authorities to stimulate structural transformational shifts and lay the technical, technological, and innovative foundations of a new model of growth of the national economy. Accordingly, the strategic priorities for the realization of the competitive advantages of the regions of Ukraine, which rationally reveal a new model of structuring the regional economy and clear guidelines for the innovative development of industries while not violating the principles of competition but, on the contrary, stimulating and strengthening it, need to be supplemented. A system of tools and expected results for realizing the competitive advantages of the economy of the regions of Ukraine has been formed. The distribution of tools was carried out based on the need to create and increase the scope of activities of local integrated systems and institutional elements of cross-functional and cross-industry cooperation. The regional features of Ukraine’s economy are summarized based on available competitive advantages, namely the high level of industrial production development, the formation of cross-border transit and logistics potential, specialization in agro-industrial production, a high level of scientific and technological development, and the creation of IT services. Keywords: competitive advantages of the regional economy, competitive potential, competition, regional economy.

The “School in the Green”: An Experience of Developing Scholastic Intelligence Through the Enhancement of the Naturalistic and Visual-Spatial Ones

The "Cipolletti" Institute has launched, from the 2020-21 school year to today, in the summer months, the experience of the "School in the Green", located in a wood in the town of Banzano di Montoro (AV- Italy). It is a space equipped for the safety of kindergarten and primary school children, in which motor, artistic, and laboratory activities are carried out in English since the Institute is a bilingual school. The school, which has been using the "Embodied cognition" model for years, has intended to integrate "Embodied" learning, precisely "Embodied", with outdoor teaching, trying to develop, in parallel with scholastic intelligence, also naturalistic intelligence, and visual-spatial. Among the scientific assumptions is that of Waldpädagogik, of experiential pedagogy that values discovery learning. The project of the "School in the Green" was supervised by the Chair of Developmental and Educational Psychology of the Department of Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana" of the University of Salerno (Italy), and the same Department sponsored the project. The activities carried out were: Study science directly through sensory experience in nature; Music and movement workshop with Orff instruments; Sensory and musical journey with handcrafted instruments; Motor paths and motor coordination to develop naturalistic intelligence and visual-spatial intelligence; Motor-sport activity in the greenery; Immersive learning of the English language; Peer tutoring for learning English; Small group activity in Spanish; Learning of less widespread languages with the 3D construction of morpho-phonemes (for example Korean, Portuguese); Theatrical activities in nature; Garden care; Workshop for flower arrangements; Outdoor cooking workshop¸local field trips. This short article reports the theoretical construct of reference and research to evaluate whether school learning activities benefit from being implemented in a naturalistic context.