Role Of Science Research Articles

Data science's pivotal role in enhancing oil recovery methods while minimizing environmental footprints: An insightful review

Data science's pivotal role in enhancing oil recovery methods while minimizing environmental footprints: An insightful review

A self‐reported instrument to measure and foster students' science connection to life with the CARE‐KNOW‐DO model and open schooling for sustainability

AbstractNational governments are concerned about the disconnection of young people from science, which hampers the development of a scientifically literate society promoting sustainable development, wellbeing, equity, and a green economy. Introduced in 2015 alongside Agenda 2030, the “open schooling” approach aims at enhancing students' science connections through real‐life problem solving with families and scientists, necessitating solid evidence for scalability and sustainability. This study conceptualizes “science connection,” a term yet underexplored, as the integration of science's meaning and purpose into personal, social, and global actions informed by socioscientific thinking. It details a novel 32‐item self‐report questionnaire developed and validated from insights of 85 teachers into “science connection”‐enhanced learning. A new consensual qualitative analysis method with visual and textual snapshots enabled developing quantitative measures from the qualitative findings with rigor. The multilanguage instrument provided just‐in‐time actionable data, enhancing the immediacy and applicability of the feedback to 2082 underserved students aged 11–18 across five countries participating in open schooling activities using the CARE‐KNOW‐DO model. This innovative feature supports open science and responsible open research, offering real‐time insights and fostering immediate educational impact. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed five components of science connection: Confidence and aspiration in science; Fun participatory science with teachers, family, and experts; Active learning approaches; Involvement in‐and‐outside school science activities; and Valuing science's role to life‐and‐society. Many students felt connected to science— Brazil: 80%, Spain: 79%, Romania: 73%, Greece: 70%, UK: 57%— with boys: 75%, girls: 73%, nonbinary students: 56%. These differences need in‐depth research. Results suggest that science connections decline from the primary to secondary education, but the CARE‐KNOW‐DO model may reengage older students. A robust science connection enhances scientific literacy and builds science capital. This instrument aids policymakers, educators, and learners in identifying factors that facilitate or impede students' engagement with science for sustainable development efforts.

Implementation Science's Role in Community Engagement for Substance Use Prevention.

Until recently, the field of implementation science has provided limited insight and guidance on the use of community engagement and partnership to support implementation of evidence-based practices. Listing community engagement as a barrier to optimal implementation is often the extent of the discussion. An article recently published by Perry et al. (PS 24:61-76, 2023) details what community engagement can entail and documents how this engagement can shape opioid use prevention research. The article also describes benefits of engaging community partners in prevention interventions, particularly for opioid use disorder, and the feasibility of employing multiple levels of engagement to do so. The article concludes by emphasizing areas for future research including examining the role community engagement has on the success of prevention interventions and the impact on long-term intervention outcomes. To respond to the Perry et al. (PS 24:61-76, 2023) article, our team conducted a literature scan of recently published implementation science and community engagement manuscripts, which demonstrated a growing body of research on the subject. We summarize these findings by offering suggested approaches for integrating implementation science and community engagement for substance use prevention programs and suggestions for advancing this intersection.

Countering Hybrid Threats: Challenges and the Role of Defense Science

This study examines hybrid threats' evolution, national security implications, and defense science's role in countering and strengthening defense capabilities using secondary data analysis. The research aims to identify key trends and strategies for countering hybrid threats effectively, with a focus on the role of defense science in enhancing national defense capabilities. Qualitative research methods are employed to analyze existing literature and case studies on hybrid threats and defense science contributions. Findings suggest that hybrid threats have evolved significantly in the contemporary security landscape, necessitating adaptive and innovative defense strategies. Defense science plays a critical role in developing advanced technologies and methodologies to counter hybrid threats, including cybersecurity measures, information warfare tactics, and strategic communication strategies. Recommendations are provided for policymakers and defense practitioners to strengthen defense capabilities and mitigate the challenges of hybrid warfare, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, international cooperation, and human capital development. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of integrating insights from defense science into defense planning and preparedness efforts to effectively counter hybrid threats and safeguard national security.

PRODUCTION OF "PODCAST KOMUNIKASI": AS AN ALTERNATIVE MEDIUM FOR LEARNING IN COMMUNICATION SCIENCE

This article is about the process and development of an audio podcast series titled "Podcast Komunikasi", driven by the recognition of communication science's pivotal role in contemporary society. Traditional educational media often struggle to effectively engage learners in this dynamic field, prompting the exploration of podcasting as an innovative learning medium. The primary objective is to bridge the gap between academic research and practical application, offering valuable insights into communication theory, practice, and trends for students and professionals. The "Podcast Komunikasi" aims to harness the popularity and accessibility of podcasts as a unique platform for communication science education. The content will be meticulously researched through a multidisciplinary approach that combines communication science expertise with podcast production skills to identify key topics and themes within the field. This ensures that the episodes are informative, relevant, and engaging. A collaborative team comprising communication experts, podcast producers, and audio engineers will work cohesively to script, record, and edit each episode, guaranteeing high-quality production and effective delivery of the subject matter. The podcast's accessibility will be enhanced by incorporating storytelling techniques and expert interviews, making it appealing to a diverse audience. The ultimate goal of this project is to publish the podcasts on platforms such as Anchor and Spotify. In conclusion, this initiative seeks to create an innovative and accessible medium for learning about communication science. The "Podcast Komunikasi" aspires to expand knowledge, encourage practical applications, and foster a thriving community of communication science enthusiasts by integrating research, expert collaboration, and compelling storytelling

Preservice Physics Teacher Views on Scientist's Role in Physics Teaching and Learning

This qualitative study explores how preservice physics teachers think about the role that scientists play in the teaching and learning of physics. Our participants were 33 preservice physics teachers in their first year participating in a scientist partnership program through online meetings. Participants' responses were collected through an essay questionnaire, and the result was analyzed with co-occurrence network analysis. Our research shows that preservice physics teachers have a positive perspective on scientists. The primary role of a scientist is related to a person with sufficient knowledge and opinion about physics. Their role is also related to the experiment and research result. Moreover, their innovation and discovery of new physics-related things also became their central role. After preservice physics teachers interact with scientists, they have higher motivation to learn physics. Our findings suggest that the activity facilitating interaction with professional scientists must be encouraged during the preservice physics teacher program.

Looking back to move forward: Creating a blueprint for success for nurse scientists in the Veterans Health Administration

AimThe purpose of this manuscript is to report the findings of a qualitative content analysis of interviews with VA Nurse Scientists about work life experiences, barriers, and facilitators across the enterprise. BackgroundThe VA enterprise is widely variable in terms of size, services, research activity, and budget. For this reason, the roles of nurses with a research-focused doctorate are also quite diverse. MethodsWe purposively sampled 18 PhD prepared Nurse Scientists based on a variety geographic locations, titles, and years in the field and who conduct research. We conducted semi-structured interviews over the virtual platform, WebEx. Interviews, averaging 1 h in length, were conducted between April and May 2021. We analyzed interviews using deductive and inductive content analysis. ResultsWe found five key factors affecting VA Nurse Scientists. Each factor emerged as an important issue influencing whether Nurse Scientists reported being successful, supported, and productive in their research. These include having: 1) mentorship, 2) supportive leadership 3) available resources, 4) respect and understanding from clinical and research colleagues who understand a Nurse Scientist's role in research, and 5) a career pathway. ConclusionsVA Nurse Scientists are leaders and innovators who generate evidence to improve health outcomes and promote equity in health and health care of Veterans, their families, and caregivers. Results from this project suggest that many Nurse Scientists need additional mentorship, resources, and networks to advance their development, increase their funding success, and maximize the impact of their role, ultimately enhancing care of Veterans and their families.

ВИТРАТИ НА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ І РОЗРОБКИ ТА РЕЙТИНГ УКРАЇНИ В ГЛОБАЛЬНОМУ ІНДЕКСІ ІННОВАЦІЙІ

The purpose of this article is to assess trends in changes in research and development (R&D) expenditures, analyse Ukraine's ranking in the Global Innovation Index (GII), and identify key problems influencing these changes. The research employs methods such as structural analysis, averages, comparison, generalisation, analysis and synthesis, and graphical methods. The article examines trends in R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP, compares Ukraine's indicator values with those of other countries worldwide and in Europe, identifies trends in the number and structure of employees and organisations involved in R&D activities, and evaluates the volume and structure of R&D expenditures by sector and type of work. Negative dynamics are identified across all indicators, accompanied by processes such as the devaluation of the scientist's role, brain drain abroad, reduction in R&D spending, and decreased engagement and interest of organisations implementing R&D, leading to a reduction in scientific research, products, and innovations across various sectors of the economy, and a decrease in the volume of new knowledge. Ukraine's ranking in the Global Innovation Index and its sub-indices are comprehensively assessed, revealing Ukraine's strengths and weaknesses in these rankings. The period of Ukraine's rise in the GII from 2013 to 2018 and the subsequent decline in ranking positions from 2019 to 2022 have been identified. Despite the full-scale war in 2023, Ukraine strengthened its ranking by 2 positions, securing 55th place. It is established that despite negative factors (funding levels, declining innovation and research activity, devaluation of the scientist's role, brain drain abroad, etc.), Ukraine has significant human potential to ensure the country's economic development.

Respiratory care in focus: a decadal bibliometric review of research dynamics

This bibliometric review of respiratory care research dynamics comprehensively analyzes respiratory care's multidisciplinary nature and information science's role in managing respiratory diseases. The study analyzed 2,467 articles from digital repositories and databases, with Scopus emerging as the primary repository for respiratory care research. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain were the top producers of respiratory care studies. Massachusetts General Hospital, the University of Toronto, and Harvard Medical School had the highest production of papers. The study highlights the importance of using a broader range of keywords and multilingual search strategies to ensure a more representative analysis of the literature in respiratory care. The findings of this study serve as a resource for healthcare professionals and researchers in respiratory care and encourage continued emphasis on interdisciplinary research to advance this vital field.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MASTER'S AND POSTGRADUATE MODEL OF TRAINING SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL FROM AMONG THE CITIZENS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

xSome initial positions of interstate cooperation in the field of educational and scientific relationsbetween the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China are determined. At the same time, theauthor reveals the grounds, forms and directions of such interaction in the training of scientific personnelfrom among the citizens of the People's Republic of China within the framework of the master's andpostgraduate model of the Novosibirsk National Research State University. A judgment is made about thegenetic connection between politics and law, ultimately determining the evolution of science as a public-stateinstitution. As a conclusion, due to political expediency, a conclusion is proposed about the instrumental roleof science and law in objectifying the needs of social development.

What did COVID-19 really teach us about science, evidence and society?

What did COVID-19 really teach us about science, evidence and society?

Scientific conferences, socialization, and the Covid-19 pandemic: A conceptual and empirical enquiry.

Since the 1970s social analysts have seen communication between scientists not solely as information exchange (the algorithmical model), but as a process of socialization into overlapping and mutually embedded scientific domains (the enculturational model). Under the algorithmical model, the impact of the Covid-19 shutdown on travel would be easily remedied by replacing face-to-face communication with online platforms. Conferences and similar gatherings are costly, elitist, and environmentally damaging, but under the enculturational model abandoning them could be disastrous for science, which depends on the development of cross-national trust and mutual agreements through face-to-face interaction and, in turn, disastrous for science's role in democracy. We explore the problem theoretically and empirically, arguing against recent proposals from some scientists for the wholesale and permanent replacement of conferences with remote communication.

Science under Fire: Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America

Science under Fire: Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America

Exploring the potential role of citizen science in the warning value chain for high impact weather

Preparing and delivering warnings to the public involves a chain of processes spanning different organizations and stakeholders from numerous disciplines. At each stage of this warning chain, relevant groups apply their expertise, but sharing information and transmission of data between groups is often imperfect. In diverse research fields, citizen science has been valuable in filling gaps through contributing local data. However, there is limited understanding of citizen science's role in bridging gaps in the warning value chain. Citizen science research projects could help improve the various aspects of the warning value chain by providing observations and evaluation, data verification and quality control, engagement and education on warnings, and improvement of accessibility for warnings. This paper explores the research question: How can citizen science contribute to the warning value chain? Two workshops were held with 29 experts on citizen science and the warning value chain to answer this question from a high impact weather perspective. The results from this study have shown that citizens, at individual or collective capacity, interact throughout the chain, and there are many prospects for citizen science projects for observations, weather, hazard, and impact forecasting, to warning communication and decision making. The study also revealed that data quality control is a main challenge for citizen science. Despite having limitations, the findings have shown that citizen science can be a platform for increasing awareness and creating a sense of community that adds value and helps bridge gaps in the warning value chain.

Mind the gaps! Climate scientists should heed lessons in collaborative storytelling from William Shakespeare

AbstractTo co‐produce locally relevant climate knowledge, climate scientists are engaging in new collaborations—with stakeholders and with scholars in the humanities, arts, and social sciences. In our work as a Shakespeare scholar‐turned‐public‐humanist and a climate scientist, we have created a methodology that allows researchers and communities to co‐produce knowledge by co‐producing narratives. We combine principles from emerging climate “storylines” research with collaborative storytelling inspired by William Shakespeare's plays and theatrical practices. Shakespeare's plays spark collaborations and interpretations, in part, because of how Shakespeare leaves gaps in the narrative. These gaps allow others to enter as collaborators, creating a “cognitive ecology” that fosters knowledge and action among all engaged. Integrating these methods into climate storyline‐making offers a radical paradigm: it upends the scientist's role as the focal storyteller and expert, and fosters, instead, partnership, equity, and a co‐exploration of multiple uncertainties. It is time for researchers to cede control to a cognitive ecology of collaborative action.This article is categorized under: Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts

Ciencia en transición. El lastre franquista ante el reto de la modernización [Science in transition. The Francoist burden and modernization's challenge] ed. by Lorenzo Delgado and Santiago M. López

Reviewed by: Ciencia en transición. El lastre franquista ante el reto de la modernización [Science in transition. The Francoist burden and modernization's challenge] ed. by Lorenzo Delgado and Santiago M. López Lino Camprubí (bio) Ciencia en transición. El lastre franquista ante el reto de la modernización [Science in transition. The Francoist burden and modernization's challenge] Edited by Lorenzo Delgado and Santiago M. López. Madrid: Sílex Ediciones, 2019. Pp. 386. The title of this edited volume plays with the general meaning of "transition" and the more specific meaning in a Spanish context: the mid-1970s political shift from the Francoist dictatorial regime to the current democratic system. This is thus a welcome incursion in the relatively understudied development of Spain's scientific research system within that political and economic transformation. The book's subtitle contains a strong thesis: the Francoist period (1939–75) constituted a "burden" that prevented Spain from properly facing "modernization's challenge." Modernization occurred. By most indicators, in the 1960s, the Spanish economy experienced one of history's most rapid developments. Yet, as the editors' introduction explains, the Francoist administration failed to meet the economic and political challenges this growth implied. Specifically, the missed opportunity to implement an adequate research and development policy prevented successful economic development. The book's introduction borrows from Thomas P. Hughes's Networks of Power to identify the "reverse salients" that stopped the system moving in the direction system builders expected. In particular, letting growth rest on technology imports eventually made Spanish companies too dependent on foreign machinery and decisions. In addition, the failure to create a critical mass of highly trained scientists and technical workers hampered Spain's productivity and political stability. The editors offer an intriguing comparison—South-Asian dictatorial economies emerging in the same period—which needs further justification and elaboration. There is much to debate here. For historians interested in the intersections of technology and political economy, the Spanish case is particularly productive for exploring the prevailing assumptions that economic growth rests on technological innovation, which in turn depends on investment in scientific research. But even assuming innovation is a universal model (but see Lee and Russell, The Innovation Delusion), describing an entire forty-year period as a "burden" misses some of the book's nuances. Other chapters state that some public enterprises created in the first two decades of Francoism contributed to private growth in the 1960s. Secondary and tertiary education opened up from the elites to large parts of the population, facilitating the creation of a middle class that did ensure certain levels of productivity and political stability. [End Page 554] But the value of this volume lies precisely in its exploratory character. It enables historians of technology to reformulate big questions: Can technology imports occur without innovating adaptations? What are the scientific, technical, and labor conditions for external know-how to have an internal impact? How do we account for science's role in the wider political economy in a context of low public expenditures in science? Individual chapters provide some answers. Chapters 2–5 each look at one major research institution that concentrated most public spending on scientific and technological development during the Francoist period. Most of these four chapters summarize earlier findings. Together, however, they offer a clear picture of areas where research and development did have a significant impact on science and society at large, even though this did not always translate directly into productivity and growth. Four chapters are of particular interest to an international readership (chs. 6–9). They explore how international and diplomatic relations (including trade), particularly with Germany, France, and the United States, impacted Spanish science policy. Hence the book's eye-catching frontispiece: the three Apollo 11 astronauts dressed up as toreros during a visit to Madrid, organized by NASA to celebrate and secure Spanish observation sites for the moon landings. The book then turns to the testimonies of reflective actors involved in the political transition to democratic institutions for science. Caution is of course needed when using primary sources, but these chapters offer valuable reflections on policy, labor, and the growing role of regional governments (chs. 10–13...

An Interview with Professor Sheila Jasanoff: on Lessons from Science, Technology, and Society

MIT Science Policy Review spoke with Professor Sheila Jasanoff about her pioneering work in Science and Technology Studies (STS), the role of the public in policymaking, and some of the important lessons and recommendations drawn from her work in STS. She is the Pforzheimer Professor of Science and Technology Studies at the Harvard Kennedy School, where she founded and directs the STS Program. Her work exploring the role of science and technology in law and public policy has been internationally recognized and the insights she shared are sure to benefit scientists interested in entering the policy field. This interview was edited for clarity.

Maximizing the Impact of Science Outreach Training

The global recognition of the importance of science communication has led to a recent emphasis on outreach and broad dissemination of information as a core component of a scientist's role. Increasingly, training for academics is seen as a necessity for successful outreach activities, yet it has associated costs which may deter some from participating. We are, therefore, interested in considering benefits and costs of outreach training. Key benefits include development of widely applicable skills, broadening of community, and professional recognition for participation. Key costs are the time invested in preparing, participating in, and following‐up after training. We identify five key behaviors that can increase the effectiveness of outreach training, specifically: (1) communicate effectively (i.e., engage); (2) have the capacity to participate in the training (i.e., make time); (3) keep detailed accounts of participation in such activities (i.e., record attendance); (4) implement lessons and strategies immediately following training (i.e., practice); and (5) adapt approaches to the specific context (including when a global pandemic causes a shift from in‐person to virtual settings; i.e., modify approach). We propose that when training is approached with a clear plan to integrate these key behaviors there will be effective and impactful professional development in outreach.

Novel Use of Experiential Learning in an Online Doctor of Philosophy Theory Course.

Due to their abstract nature and lack of real-world application, theory development and testing are often difficult concepts for PhD students to embrace, especially within a virtual learning environment. Although experiential learning is a preferred method, there is a lack of evidence regarding its use in online PhD programs. Four PhD nursing students enrolled in a Foundations of Theory course participated in an innovative experiential learning project designed to introduce the process of theory development and testing. Participants, led by a faculty-researcher, tested the applicability of a conceptual model using the Framework Method with the diary of a Holocaust survivor. This experience increased the learners' understanding and appreciation of theory development and testing processes as they relate to the nurse scientist's role. Experiential learning in an online theory course is a viable option to promote learning, student engagement, and professional socialization. [J Nurs Educ. 2021;60(7):391-393.].

A different perspective on the forensic science crisis

Recurrent mentions of a forensic science crisis are reported in the literature. Some 15 years ago, the discussion was focused on the backlog problem. Other issues have been regularly debated since then, including the risk of error, need for independence, importance and risk of contextualisation, increasing fragmentation into separate processes and specialisations. Proposed solutions to solve one problem often led to other issues in other parts of the process. This paper attempts to address the apparent crisis using a different perspective, through a comparison with established disciplines, namely material science, medicine and historical science. The comparison with material science shows that, despite the varied organisational and legal models and the interdisciplinary nature of the field, a common element to all forensic science endeavours exists: the trace. A greater focus on the trace might thus help the development of a holistic approach in forensic science. The comparison with medicine demonstrates that, through the overall process, the main risk shifts from the risk to overlook important hypotheses or traces at the beginning of the process (e.g. problems in the detection of traces/symptoms and formulation of hypotheses) to the risk of supporting the wrong hypothesis at the end of the process (e.g. erroneous test of the hypotheses/diagnostic). Further, in medicine, symptoms are rarely evaluated in isolation, while traces are often evaluated separately. By analogy, epidemiology illustrates forensic science's critical role in preventing crime through forensic intelligence, supporting a more extensive and more collaborative application of forensic science in security issues. The comparison with historical science also indicates that a single trace (i.e. the observed effect) is rarely sufficient to reason on its cause. Retrodiction (abduction) is proposed as an alternative reasoning approach to reconstruct events from the past based on signs uncovered in the present. Finally, the impact of science in investigating crimes is presented as an evolving process. A new trace or information can bring an entirely different light on the reconstruction of past events or prevention of future issues. Thus, issues or challenges in the first stages of the process (i.e., crime scene investigation) should be addressed in priority for subsequent stages to function correctly.