Science Workshop Research Articles

Stephen J. Klaine.

Steve spent more than 30 yr conducting environmental research and educating graduate students. He has graduated 40 doctoral and 45 master's students from his laboratory. He usually had more students at Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) meetings than any other professor, which meant more presentations than from any other university! Steve was all about his students and their research. Every SETAC meeting had an evening for the Klaine tribe—his current and past graduate students and a host of colleagues from around the globe. As a doctoral student with Herb Ward at Rice University he had the prestigious duty of being the first official photographer for the first SETAC meeting held in Washington, D.C. He served on SETAC's Board of Directors and was an editor for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry since 1995. He was also on the editorial board of the journal, Nanotoxicology. The review paper he led on nanomaterials in the environment has the distinction of being the most highly cited paper of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in the journal's 35 yr of publication! From 1995 to 2000 he was the only US participant on a multinational International Atomic Energy Agency Cooperative Research Program on Pesticides in Coastal Tropical Ecosystems. He served on several US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) science advisory panels and workshops dealing with pesticide and metal fate, effects, and risk assessment, and also chaired the USEPA Science Advisory Panel for The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). He was a Sigma Xi National Lecturer, won the Clemson University Sigma Xi Researcher of the Year Award, and the Clemson Alumni Award for Outstanding Research. He was the SETAC Menzie Environmental Education Award winner for 2013 and an inaugural member of the SETAC Fellows Program. Steve's research program was impressive, with over $10 million in extramural funding and over 120 peer-reviewed publications. Steve was also committed to international student outreach—teaching in Cuba, Jamaica, Canada, Portugal, Vietnam, Africa, and Australia. His efforts at capacity building over the last 15 yr in Vietnam resulted in the first collaborative master's program in environmental toxicology between Hanoi University of Science and Clemson University. I heard Steve's voice long before I met him. It was at the SETAC meeting in Seattle in the early 1990s, and as always, he was surrounded by lots of people, hands in the air, a huge smile, and a booming laugh! People have always loved Steve. I interviewed at Clemson and knew right away we would be friends for life. Our friendship was based on a solid foundation of fondness for liquid yeast by-products, good food, intense sarcasm, laughter, and intellectual debate. For most of the early years, Steve and I agreed on very little when it came to environmental toxicology and how our research interests meshed, but it was never personal. Most of our debates ended in laughter, followed by sampling of cold yeast by-products, which drove conversations to more important issues of family, kids, politics, religion, and more conversation about kids. Steve's love and pride for his son Christopher and daughter Jennifer could not be measured. The same can be said of the love and pride he had for his many graduate students, which are too numerous to address in this venue. Steve was devoted to his wife Cindy, and together they traveled to the far reaches of our planet. Steve was a “Leo the Lion,” and his presence and voice at Clemson University seemed to quell the pervasive ebb and flow of academia in turmoil. I readily admit that Steve was the backbone of environmental toxicology at Clemson University, and, as a graduate program we are unsure where to go without his guidance. On a personal note, I find the silence following the loss of Steve, deafening. Charles Rice Clemson University Clemson, South Carolina, USA G. Allen Burton, Jr. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Ann Arbor, MI, USA Richard J. Wenning Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management San Francisco, California, USA Herb Ward Rice University Houston, Texas, USA Teresa F. Fernandes Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh, Scotland, UK Jamie Lead University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina, USA Aaron Roberts University of North Texas Denton, Texas, USA Eric van Genderen International Zinc Association Durham, North Carolina, USA

Third European Stroke Science Workshop.

Lake Eibsee, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, November 19 to 21, 2015: The European Stroke Organization convened >120 stroke experts from 27 countries to discuss latest results and hot topics in clinical, translational, and basic stroke research. Since its inception in 2011, the European Stroke Science Workshop has become a cornerstone of European Stroke Organization's academic activities and major highlight for researchers in the field. Participants include stroke researchers at all career stages who convene for plenary lectures and discussions, thus facilitating crosstalk among researchers from different fields. As in previous years, the workshop was organized into 7 scientific sessions each focusing on a major research topic. All sessions started with a keynote lecture that provided an overview on current developments and set the scene for the following presentations. The latter were short focused talks on a timely topic and included the most recent findings, including unpublished data. A new element at this year's meeting was a hot topic session in which speakers had to present a provocative concept or update sharply within 5 minutes. In the following, we summarize the key contents of the meeting. The program is provided in the online-only Data Supplement.

XBT Science: Assessment of Instrumental Biases and Errors

Abstract Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data were the major component of the ocean temperature profile observations from the late 1960s through the early 2000s, and XBTs still continue to provide critical data to monitor surface and subsurface currents, meridional heat transport, and ocean heat content. Systematic errors have been identified in the XBT data, some of which originate from computing the depth in the profile using a theoretically and experimentally derived fall-rate equation (FRE). After in-depth studies of these biases and discussions held in several workshops dedicated to discussing XBT biases, the XBT science community met at the Fourth XBT Science Workshop and concluded that XBT biases consist of 1) errors in depth values due to the inadequacy of the probe motion description done by standard FRE and 2) independent pure temperature biases. The depth error and temperature bias are temperature dependent and may depend on the data acquisition and recording system. In addition, the depth bias also includes an offset term. Some biases affecting the XBT-derived temperature profiles vary with manufacturer/probe type and have been shown to be time dependent. Best practices for historical XBT data corrections, recommendations for future collection of metadata to accompany XBT data, impact of XBT biases on scientific applications, and challenges encountered are presented in this manuscript. Analysis of XBT data shows that, despite the existence of these biases, historical XBT data without bias corrections are still suitable for many scientific applications, and that bias-corrected data can be used for climate research.

Constraining the shielded wind scenario in PG 2112+059

AbstractThe physical scenario describing the origin of quasar winds remains largely unsettled due to our failure to account for X‐ray weak BAL quasars. We approach this problem by studying the relation between the inner part of the outflow which is likely to be shielding the X‐ray emission and the UV winds characterized by broad absorption lines (BALs). In particular, we aim to probe the wind‐shield connection in the highly X‐ray variable BAL quasar PG 2112+059, which has exhibited periods of X‐ray weakness and X‐ray normality in the past. A set of two 20 ks Chandra observations and two contemporaneous HST observations, separated by at least eight months, combined with a nearly simultaneous archival Chandra ‐HST observation from 2002, afford us a unique opportunity to study the connection between the shield (which is thought to be responsible for the X‐ray absorption) and the ionization state of the wind (observed as UV BAL features; e.g., Civ and Ovi lines) over various timescales. In this review, which was based on a presentation in the XMM‐Newton 2015 Science Workshop, we provide background relevant to our study and briefly analyze a recent Chandra observation of our new set of multiwavelength observations of PG 2112+059. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Distributed Control and Estimation of Robotic Vehicle Networks [About This Issue

The articles in this issue focus on distributed control and estimation of robotic vehicle networks. These articles grew out of the Robotics: Science and Systems Conference Workshop that was held at the University of California (UC), Berkeley, in July 2014.

The sound of STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and math): Acoustics as the bridge between arts and STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math)

This paper describes the development and presentation of a Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Math (STEAM) workshop for elementary school teachers designed to provide ideas and tools for using acoustics in the classroom. The abundant hands-on activities and concepts in acoustics naturally link science and music in an intuitive way that can assist teachers in moving forward on the STEAM initiative. Our workshop gave teachers an introduction to acoustics principles and demonstrations that can be used to tie STEAM techniques in with Utah State Education Core standards. These hands-on demonstrations and real-world applications provide an avenue to engage students and support learning outcomes. Feedback indicated that the participants learned from and enjoyed the initial implementation of this workshop, though many elementary school teachers did not immediately see how they could integrate it into their curriculum. While additional efforts might be made to better focus the training workshop for the K-6 level, curriculum developers need to appreciate how acoustics could be used more broadly at the elementary school level if the emphasis changes from STEM to STEAM.

Implementation Science Workshop: a Novel Multidisciplinary Primary Care Program to Improve Care and Outcomes for Super-Utilizers.

Implementation Science Workshop: a Novel Multidisciplinary Primary Care Program to Improve Care and Outcomes for Super-Utilizers.

Extreme Weather and Climate: Workshop Report

Extreme events are the aspects of climate to which human society is most sensitive. Due to both their severity and their rarity, extreme events can challenge the capacity of physical, social, economic and political infrastructures, turning natural events into human disasters. Yet, because they are low frequency events, the science of extreme events is very challenging. Among the challenges is the difficulty of connecting extreme events to longer-term, large-scale variability and trends in the climate system, including anthropogenic climate change. How can we best quantify the risks posed by extreme weather events, both in the current climate and in the warmer and different climates to come? How can we better predict them? What can we do to reduce the harm done by such events? In response to these questions, the Initiative on Extreme Weather and Climate has been created at Columbia University in New York City (extreme weather.columbia.edu). This Initiative is a University-wide activity focused on understanding the risks to human life, property, infrastructure, communities, institutions, ecosystems, and landscapes from extreme weather events, both in the present and future climates, and on developing solutions to mitigate those risks. In May 2015,the Initiative held its first science workshop, entitled Extreme Weather and Climate: Hazards, Impacts, Actions. The purpose of the workshop was to define the scope of the Initiative and tremendously broad intellectual footprint of the topic indicated by the titles of the presentations (see Table 1). The intent of the workshop was to stimulate thought across disciplinary lines by juxtaposing talks whose subjects differed dramatically. Each session concluded with question and answer panel sessions. Approximately, 150 people were in attendance throughout the day. Below is a brief synopsis of each presentation. The synopses collectively reflect the variety and richness of the emerging extreme event research agenda.

Asian Science Editors' Conference and Workshop 2015

Asian Science Editors' Conference and Workshop 2015

Structural Studies of Fibril Formations of Tetrapeptides Using Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Amyloid fibrils are peptide or protein aggregates, which are found in about 20 diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, Parkinson's disease, and type II diabetes mellitus [1]. However, the reasons for amyloid association disease are unclear. Therefore, in order to examine the mechanism of fibril formations, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations using some peptides and fragments of amyloid beta protein [2]. In this study, we used short model peptides, which have KFFE amino acid sequence, and form fibrils in experiments [3]. Especially, we focused on the concentration dependency of the peptide aggregation. The some kinds of simulations were performed with different concentrations for each system by using replica exchange dynamics simulations (REMD) [4]. From these simulations, we examined the dependency between beta-structure tendency and the concentration of the peptides.[1] Rochet, J. C., and Lansbury, P. T., Jr. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. vol. 10, 60-68 (2000).[2] Nishikawa, N., Sakae, Y., Okamoto, Y., Proceedings of Computational Science Workshop 2014, 011020, 10.7566 (2014).[3] Tjernberg, L., Hosia, W., Bark, N., Thyberg, J., Johansson, J., J. Biol. Chem. vol. 277, pp.43243-43246 (2002).[4] Sugita, Y., Okamoto, Y., Chem. Phys. Lett. vol. 314, pp.141-151 (1999).

Game Design Combined with Science Workshop for Increasing Motivation in Studying Science in Children

Many studies have been conducted to discover ways to increase the motivation of students in science classes. The research project discussed here, examines attempt to increase the motivation of elementary school students in basic science by the means of designing a science game. To realize this goal, the maze and mirror game was designed and a workshop was held based on the game in the Shimada elementary school which teaches the concepts of light and reflection during joyful group play. The game was initially designed for this research consisted of a maze pattern, mirrors and bases, a buzzer and a laser. The results were evaluated by three types of questionnaires and showed improvement in all aspects. The questionnaires revealed that they could develop their knowledge of light and reflection, 91% of students liked the game very much and 81% favored having these kinds of games in their science classes. The main achievement of this game in motivating students in studying science can be categorized into four main areas: Creating thinking and independent learning, playful learning atmosphere, a chance to learn in group activities, and a feeling of accomplishment.

Piloting and Evaluating a Workshop to Teach Georgia Teachers About Weather Science and Safety

ABSTRACTA survey of 691 Georgia teachers suggested that their students generally were not prepared for severe weather. Teachers also were somewhat dissatisfied with the quality of the teaching resources on weather and weather safety. Only 46 (7%) of the teachers were aware of the American Red Cross Masters of Disaster (MoD) weather science and safety curriculum. We conducted a weeklong weather science and safety workshop for 49 Georgia teachers in the summers of 2008–2010 to introduce the MoD curriculum so that they could teach it to their students and share it with colleagues. Qualitative analyses of the teachers' and the authors' workshop goals revealed that teachers became more knowledgeable about weather science and safety and learned how to teach the MoD curriculum. Quantitative analyses of the teachers' pre- and postworkshop responses to the project measures revealed statistically significant increases at the workshop's conclusion in science teaching self-efficacy and in self-efficacy to teach weather science and safety. Teachers also evidenced statistically significant gains in their knowledge of weather science and safety concepts. A follow-up with teachers from the 2008 workshop revealed that they had shared the MoD curriculum with 77 teachers and had taught the curriculum to 724 students. We discussed the potential of the MoD curriculum to increase students' knowledge and preparation for weather hazards. In the supplemental materials, we provided a sample MoD lesson and alignments of the MoD curriculum with the Next Generation Science Standards.

Engaging High School Girls: Spending a Saturday afternoon watching brain waves [Pipelining: Attractive Programs for Women

This past spring, 35 girls spent a Saturday afternoon in a darkened hotel room monitoring brain waves. Part of a larger IEEE meeting, the girls, all from Milwaukee, Wisconsin's Homestead High School Girls Exploring Math and Science (GEMS) club, watched how their own brain waves looked stimulated by various activities. Part of a science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workshop designed and led by faculty and student volunteers of the Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE), the high school students conducted activities while wearing wireless headsets that sent their brainwaves to laptop PCs running MATLAB software.

Implementation Science Workshop: Implementation of an Electronic Referral System in a Large Academic Medical Center.

Implementation Science Workshop: Implementation of an Electronic Referral System in a Large Academic Medical Center.

Clinical science workshop: targeting the gut-liver-brain axis.

A clinical science workshop was held at the ISHEN meeting in London on Friday 11th September 2014 with the aim of thrashing out how we might translate what we know about the central role of the gut-liver-brain axis into targets which we can use in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). This review summarises the integral role that inter-organ ammonia metabolism plays in the pathogenesis of HE with specific discussion of the roles that the small and large intestine, liver, brain, kidney and muscle assume in ammonia and glutamine metabolism. Most recently, the salivary and gut microbiome have been shown to underpin the pathophysiological changes which culminate in HE and patients with advanced cirrhosis present with enteric dysbiosis with small bowel bacterial overgrowth and translocation of bacteria and their products across a leaky gut epithelial barrier. Resident macrophages within the liver are able to sense bacterial degradation products initiating a pro-inflammatory response within the hepatic parenchyma and release of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 into the systemic circulation. The endotoxemia and systemic inflammatory response that are generated predispose both to the development of infection as well as the manifestation of covert and overt HE. Co-morbidities such as diabetes and insulin resistance, which commonly accompany cirrhosis, may promote slow gut transit, promote bacterial overgrowth and increase glutaminase activity and may need to be acknowledged in HE risk stratification assessments and therapeutic regimens. Therapies are discussed which target ammonia production, utilisation or excretion at an individual organ level, or which reduce systemic inflammation and endotoxemia which are known to exacerbate the cerebral effects of ammonia in HE. The ideal therapeutic strategy would be to use an agent that can reduce hyperammonemia and reduce systemic inflammation or perhaps to adopt a combination of therapies that can address both.

Latina Mothers and Daughters: Ways of Knowing, Being, and Becoming in the Context of Bilingual Family Science Workshops

Building on previous research of family engagement and using perspectives drawn from Chicana/Latina feminist theories, in this ethnographic study we explored how Latina mothers and daughters negotiated and contested multiple ways of knowing during bilingual science family workshops. Our research illustrated that critical pedagogies Latina mothers enacted in spaces intersecting family, school, and community contexts and how they navigated aspects of (in)visibility, language, and womanhood were important in their daughters' educational being and becoming.

Report on Student Activities in Granada

This February ASLO held the 2015 Aquatic Sciences Meeting in Granada, Spain. Aquatic scientists from 64 countries were present to share their science, network with colleagues, explore the beautiful host city, and indulge in delicious tapas. Students comprised 35% of the meeting attendees (886 registered students), with 40 students from developing countries. Three out of four students attending the meeting in Granada were current ASLO members and many new students joined the society at the meeting. ASLO awarded 34 travel grants to students attending the meeting. Grants ranged from $250–$750 USD. Grant applicants applied online when registering for the meeting and grants were awarded through a random lottery process. The student board members and the early career committee are diligently working to improve the travel grant process based on your feedback and we will be announcing changes in the near future. There were numerous activities and workshops geared toward students at the meeting. On Monday, the Student Board Members hosted a mixer with food and drinks for student attendees. Hundreds of students came to socialize and network as did a number of board members and the meeting organizers. The Board of Directors also had the pleasure of interacting with students that attended the annual Business Meeting and those that stopped by the ASLO and Wiley booth over the course of the week. There were three lunchtime workshops sponsored by the Student Board Members. On Tuesday, students had the opportunity to learn about honing their scientific message from actor and comedian Brian Palermo at the Snap it Up! workshop. Brian dissected three oral presentations given in concurrent sessions on the previous day and provided tips for engaging the audience when discussing science. At the Teaching Aquatic Science workshop students, early career and advanced scientists were able to learn about better teaching methods for large classes from Dr. Bob Chen. This discussion workshop was well received and everyone left with new ideas and methods for engaging and teaching students in large classes. On Thursday, we hosted our most popular workshop, ­Scientific Speed Networking, a variation on the speed dating concept. Over 200 students honed their “elevator pitches” while networking with their peers and established scientists. Students and established scientists interacting at the Scientific Speed Networking workshop in Granada. Grace Wilkinson, Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, grace.wilkinson23@gmail.com Amy Burgess, Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Coos Bay, Oregon, USA, burgess5@uoregon.edu.

Delivering Post-Secondary STEM Education on the North Slope, Alaska: Resilience and Adaptation

<p>Prior to the 1960s, the majority of rural students seeking an education moved from their village to regional population hubs to attend boarding schools. Based on western curricula, boarding schools did not recognize traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). Post-secondary education opportunities were only available in Fairbanks, Anchorage or Sitka, however, TEK or Alaska Native world views were not addressed in science course offerings. Upon gaining the right to provide education at the local level, the North Slope Borough (NSB) of Alaska incorporated Iñupiat educational philosophies into the educational system. The NSB, in partnership with the University of Alaska Fairbanks, established Iḷisaġvik College, the only tribal college in Alaska. Now independently accredited, Iḷisaġvik offers 2-yr academic degrees and certificates in Allied Health programs, and is developing science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) programs. Iḷisaġvik seeks to broaden STEM education on the North Slope to meet the needs of employers and research in fields such as climate science. Courses bridging TEK and western science have been developed as a means of introducing STEM education to North Slope students. These courses include summer science camps, workshops, college curriculum, and internships. Relationships between local and visiting educators, scientists, community scholars, and Elders facilitate closing the TEK and western science gap.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Science, Education, Tribal College, Alaska Native, Traditional Ecological Knowledge</p>

Pricing in transportation networks

The purpose of this special issue is to commemorate the inaugural Transportation Science & Logistics Society (TSL) Workshop held in 2011 from June 26th to 29th at the Asilomar Conference Grounds in Pacific Grove, California. The workshop focused on Congestion Management of Transportation Systems on the Ground and in the Air and was organized by Michael Ball of the University of Maryland, Michael Florian of INRO and the Universite de Montreal and Siriphong (Toi) Lawphongpanich of the University of Florida. The main goal of the workshop was to bring together researchers from both the road and air transportation domains. Typically, close interactions among researchers from these two disciplines are uncommon. Thus, this workshop provided an opportunity for rich discussions and cross fertilization of ideas. Moreover, the workshop’s broader theme, congestion management, is of great interest and importance to transportation planners and government policy makers around the world. There were 35 presentations organized into ten sessions and two panel discussions. Among the 45 attendees were 12 graduate students whose room, board and registration fee were covered by stipends provided by the workshop sponsors: Center for Multi-model Solutions for Congestion Mitigation at the University of Florida, INRO and the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland. In this issue, there are four papers that address topics related to pricing in transportation networks. In their paper titled ‘‘Tolled Multi-Class Traffic Equilibria

Science Workshop: an exchange of knowledge between the bachelor and the school from the theme of recycling

Currently in the midst of several environment-related discussions, it is very important to know about the issues related, for example, recycling, and especially awareness of students from the earliest grades. Thinking it was held a Workshop on Science at the State Elementary School Ecilda Alves Paim, starting this need discussion and awareness about the importance of recycling to the environment. Aiming activity performed to provide students with a set space between scientific knowledge and everyday experiences of the same, with a space for the exchange of knowledge and experiences. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v3iss1p8