Science Specialty Research Articles

Causes of Defects and Damage to Brick Masonry Elements in Historic Buildings

Ceramic brick masonry elements constitute the largest number of structural systems of historic buildings, especially sacral and public utility buildings. In the past, they were also very commonly used as a material for the construction of military facilities. Historic buildings and masonry structures undergo destructive processes over time, the course of which can be very diverse and depends, among other things, on the physicochemical properties of the materials, the type of structure, the age of the building, working conditions and random conditions and events. The paper is an engineering review of the causes of damage to masonry structures and indicates the need for cooperation between representatives of various specialties of science and technology, in particular architectural historians, specialists in the field of conservation of monuments, structural engineers and specialists in the field of geotechnics, geology, hydrogeologists and meliorators in order to ensure the protection of masonry structures in historic buildings.

Investigation the Attitude of Professors of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Towards the Necessity of Implementing Interprofessional Education in 2022

Objectives: This research aims to study the attitude of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences towards the necessity of implementing interprofessional education (IPE) in 2022. Professors’ research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of type. Methods: Considering that the target population is around 2500 people, using Sullivan's formula with a 5% margin of error and a 95% confidence level, the predicted total sample size was 333 people. Sampling was done using cluster and random methods. The study tool included a demographic information questionnaire and a professor attitude questionnaire towards IPE. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire. Out of a total of 330 people selected in the sampling, 138 people completed the questionnaire on Porsline software platform, and 180 completed the questionnaire by visiting in the Porsline. A total of 318 questionnaires were collected. For data analysis, the questionnaire data was entered into SPSS software. Results: The results of descriptive statistics showed that out of 318 professors, 113 have clinical medicine specialties, 26 have medical and health education specialties, 47 have nursing specialties, 72 have basic medical science specialties, 45 have health specialties, and 15 have health specialties. They managed healthcare services. Most of the professors had clinical medical specialties. But in terms of age, the dispersion of people is more, 40.3% of them who are 50 - 60 years old constitute their dominant population. Also, the results of inferential statistics showed that the attitude questions have a significance coefficient of less than 0.05%, which indicates the significant positive attitude of professors in IPE. Conclusions: Research has shown that professors of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, on the whole, have a positive attitude towards IPE. The positive effect of IPE in improving the attitude of students towards learning and the need for interprofessional cooperation in the health system indicates the availability and essential and motivational background ideal attitude for the integration of IPE in health sciences. For this purpose, managers should aim to plan and implement IPE in the country’s health education system in order to employ capable and talented workforces to respond to the health and hygiene needs of the current and future generations.

APPLICATION OF PRACTICE-ORIENTED EDUCATION TECHNOLOGIES IN TRAINING STUDENTS IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE SPECIALTIES

Modern social, economic, technical transformations make adjustments in the organization and training of personnel in engineering and natural science specialties, in the basic elements of the structure and content of educational programs. Adjustment of educational programs taking into account modern trends allows providing graduates with competitive advantages in the labor market. At the same time, the problems related to the imbalance of theoretical and practical training, the gap between the skills and competencies formed in students and the needs of the industrial sector, non-adaptation of technologies and teaching methods to the specifics of academic disciplines and expected learning outcomes are still relevant in engineering and science education. Accordingly, the aim of the work was to analyze the peculiarities of application of practice-oriented learning technologies in engineering and science training. In this work the most important learning outcomes for students and employers were determined, the main deficiencies in the skills and competencies of graduates were identified, students' satisfaction with the quality of organization and conduct of practical classes and professional practices was assessed, practice-oriented educational technologies used in teaching professional disciplines were ranked by the degree of importance. Based on the obtained results, a significant correlation between the responses of students and employees of companies/enterprises has been established, the effectiveness of the application of practice-oriented educational technologies to increase students' motivation for learning and responsibility for learning outcomes has been shown, it has been established that employees of companies/enterprises attach greater importance to learning outcomes related to the development of students' personal, social and technical skills and competencies.

融入商科特色的智能科学与技术新专业建设探讨

融入商科特色的智能科学与技术新专业建设探讨

Методы формирования основ православного сознания у студентов технических вузов (на примере учебно-методического комплекса «Основы российской государственности»)

The article undertakes a theoretical analysis of the possibilities of including elements of Orthodox culture and Orthodox values in the subject field of the new educational and methodological complex "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood", created for students of natural science and engineering specialties. The development of this course took place within the framework of the Project "DNA of Russia", implemented with the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. A significant event for teachers of humanities in September 2023 was the release of textbooks and methodological manuals "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood". The course differs in content and functionality from the generally accepted complex of humanitarian subjects in higher school. There are still disputes between philosophers, historians, political scientists, economists about its information content, but all experts agree on the recognition of the need to update the content and revise the principles of teaching social and humanitarian disciplines, which are read not only in the humanities, but also in technical universities. The challenges of the current time in the field of education require an adequate response from the academic community of higher education - the use of new forms of comprehension of factual material and the organization of cognitive activity of students, filling these forms with new meanings, including educational spiritual and patriotic potential. The purpose of this study is to comprehend the prospects for the formation of students' ideas about the formation of Russian statehood through the prism of Christian ideals. Studying the materials of the course "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood", it can be noted that its content is already largely based on Orthodox values, but this fact does not exclude the need for a more detailed development of this topic.

Политический анализ и прогнозирование: отечественный опыт (учебник Д.А. Ежова «Политический анализ и прогнозирование»)

The purpose of the published review is to evaluate and analyze a textbook that has no analogues in the domestic political science educational and methodological literature, authored by Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor D.A. Yezhov. The author of the textbook has gained fame in the scientific community due to his research in the field of showization of politics, both in modern Russia and in various countries of the world community, as well as in the study of election campaigns and the peculiarities of electoral behavior of Russian voters during parliamentary and presidential elections. He has experience working at the Russian Center for Electoral Technology Training at the CEC of the Russian Federation, so he considers election problems from a practical point of view. The peer-reviewed textbook intended for undergraduate students studying in political science specialties provides a detailed description of the categorical apparatus of political analysis and forecasting in domestic political science, these mechanisms are considered in a comparative way with foreign analogues. The methodological and conceptual foundations of analytical and predictive techniques used in political research are analyzed. The experience of their application in modern Russia is considered on concrete examples from political practice (including managerial activities). The emphasis is on the study and comparison of methods of political analysis, political decision-making and forecasting (both in the short and long term). The author does not forget about the coverage of such controversial topics of the course as the analysis of theoretical and applied features of the domestic political TV discourse and the study of theoretical and methodological aspects and problems of forecasting electoral behavior at elections of various levels.

Discussion on Teaching Links of Graduation Design for Computer Science and Technology Specialty in Open Education

Open education is an educational model with flexible learning and resource sharing as its core. As the core subject of modern information society, computer science and technology, combined with open education, provides learning opportunities for scholars and is conducive to promoting the cultivation of technical talents. This paper focuses on the teaching link of graduation project of computer science and technology specialty under open education. The graduation project of development education is very important in students' career development and has some unique characteristics. In order to optimize the teaching process of graduation project, measures can be taken, such as designing learning plan and instruction manual, providing abundant learning resources and tools, establishing a platform for interaction and cooperation between teachers and students, and effective evaluation and supervision mechanism, in order to optimize the teaching effect and improve students' learning experience and achievement quality.

Design and Implementation of a Clinical Science Specialty Clinic for Adults with Neurological Disorders and Their Caregivers.

Mental health problems are common for persons with neurological disorders (PWNDs) and their caregivers (CGs) but often are not adequately treated. Despite this growing need, the training of clinical psychologists typically does not include coursework or practicum experience working with these populations. To address this, a team of faculty, supervisors, and doctoral students in UC Berkeley's Clinical Science program undertook a year-long process that consisted of building a training curriculum that integrated coursework and consultation with visiting experts; providing supervised practicum training with PWNDs and CGs and evaluating training and clinical outcomes. We hoped to prepare students to train other mental health professionals to work with these populations in the future. In this article, we describe the Specialty Clinic with special attention given to the training provided, challenges faced and solutions found, clinic operations and logistics, and lessons learned. We also review key clinical issues and report key indicators of client outcomes. Finally, we evaluate the success of the Specialty Clinic and offer recommendations for others interested in providing these kinds of much needed training and clinical services in this important area.

Teaching of subject Biostatistics Its Applications and Research Methodology to Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Central Region of Saudi Arabia

Background: Biostatistics means statistical tools have been used in the study of medical/biomedical sciences. It is also called Medical Biostatistics/Medical Statistics. It is an important subject in medical, nursing, pharmacy, Bioallied Health Sciences, and other biology related specialties. In this article, I briefly explained my teaching and research experiences related to Biostatistics to the College of Pharmacy (COP) students. Materials and Methods: In this paper I have discussed and explored all the steps related to teaching Biostatistics, its applications, and research methods and its implications to the College of Pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia. Online classes was conducted at the time of Covid-19 pandemic time of the year 2020 – 2021 and 2021 – 2022. Results: I trained COP students in all aspects of Biostatistical tools, their applications, research methods, and other research steps fully. That’s why the Statistical thinking is a crucial part of the studies in pharmacy/medical and biomedical areas. COP students followed my instructions and advice in a good way, and they benefited from my teaching and research methods and its steps throughout their graduation study. Conclusion: I have concluded that teaching of the subject biostatistics and its applications are essential and important to all science and medical specialty students all over the world. Saudi Government must take a necessary step to implement/initiate Biostatistics departments/unit in all colleges separately. It will be very useful to their pharmacist/pharmacy to educate the patients, safe and high-quality care, to control the drugs effect/adherence among patients successfully and to achieve the best high-quality results of patients’ health. Key Words: biostatistics, teaching, research methodology, college of pharmacy, Saudi Arabia

Effects of problem-based learning on delivering medical and nursing education: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

There is still a lack of high-level evidence on the effects of problem-based learning (PBL) in general medical and nursing education. We aimed to summarize current evidence on the effects of PBL in delivering medical and nursing education from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Library, and CINAHL Complete. RCTs that assessed the effects of a PBL module in delivering medical education were eligible. Outcomes included knowledge, performance, and satisfaction. The risk of bias was assessed according to Cochrane handbook guidelines. Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals of each outcome between PBL and control groups were pooled using a random-effects model. In all, 22 RCTs with 1969 participants were included. Both pooled analyses of changes in scores compared with baseline and absolute post-interventional scores favored PBL module in knowledge and performance. The satisfaction degree was also higher in participants receiving PBL methods. Publication bias might exist in satisfaction; however, not in knowledge and performance. Eleven of the 22 studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias. Compared with traditional lecture-based modules, PBL delivered medical education in different medical science specialities more efficiently from both theoretical knowledge and practice skill perspectives. The feedback from participants receiving PBL methods was more positive than that from those receiving traditional methods. However, the high heterogeneity and low quality of the included studies prevented drawing definite conclusions.

Discussion on the Curriculum System of Data Science and Big Data Technology Specialty Based on OBE Concept

Discussion on the Curriculum System of Data Science and Big Data Technology Specialty Based on OBE Concept

Immersive technologies and the practice of foreign language teaching for students of computer science specialities

The problem of digital transformation, which arose as a result of global processes of forming a new type of society, is an integral part of professional development at the current stage of human development. This bright trend is also reflected in education, especially during the training of IT students, where old methods of work are no longer relevant, because they do not take into account the needs of today. The traditional didactic paradigm does not form an individual educational trajectory and does not develop the skills of international interaction of future specialists in the labor market. Using the example of an educational program for students of computer specialities, the article proves the effectiveness of digital bilingual education, which differs from traditional forms because its methodological schemes involve the use of a foreign language not only as a tool of the humanitarian cycle, but also as a means by which speciality subjects are taught. In order to develop immersion, that is, a type of digital bilingual education where a large number of subjects are studied in a foreign language, it is necessary to perform a complex task that requires colossal training at various levels – a sufficient informational and material university base and a powerful scientific and methodological potential among professors and teachers stuff. Learning conditions within bilingual programs are implemented mainly in English and require correct planning from the administration, and new forms of preparation for classes from the lecturers. In the educational environment, the use of augmented and virtual reality technologies begins – in order to visualize the educational material, supplement it with visual information materials by reading QR code with smartphones, tablets and other gadgets, increase motivation and interest in learning. An important role is played by the ability to work in tandem (a practice widely used by European educational institutions), as well as the ability to self-educate. It is necessary not only the cooperation of teachers of language disciplines with specialized departments and guarantors of specialities, but also access to the resources of other countries, the creation of a special environment that will promote high-quality teaching, learning and use of the English language.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence Regulations on Organizational Risks

The data science industry has grown exponentially due to the surge in consumer consumption of technology-related services and products. Following closely is the data science specialty of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm development and use, which holds significant potential for an organization’s bottom line. By combining these new AI capabilities with the treasure troves of new and legacy consumer data, organizations can automate decision-making to entice new consumers to their products and services. These AI capabilities come with a plethora of potential uses and misuses. Organizations must take stock of the precedence of laws and regulations related to consumer privacy and ensure careful consideration of AI risk management to balance the potential financial implications of AI algorithm development and use, good and bad.

Исследования в области синтеза наночастиц в студенческой научной лаборатории

The article presents information about the organization of research activities of students in the natural science specialty of a pedagogical university on the basis of a student scientific laboratory of the faculty. In the course of the study, the principle of metasubjectivity of education is worked out; for this purpose, inter-departmental and inter-university relations are used in the implementation of the study. The synthesis of nanoparticles was chosen as the subject of research. The created laboratory setup and the procedure for obtaining nanoparticles in the process of low-temperature evaporative synthesis are described.

일본인의 피는 다른가?

The blood type discovered in 1901 was used as a sign of racial characteristics, as it was found that it had hereditary in 1910. In conjunction with eugenics, there was a tendency to perceive that the difference between Westerners‘ blood type characteristics was a criterion for determining superiority and inferiority, leading to research that divided Japanese and their neighbors. This paper examined the ‘scientific’ movement to define the Japanese through blood type as well as the popularity of eugenics discourse in Japan since the late 1920s. Tanemoto Furuhata, a researcher who represented Japanese blood type studies before and after the war, surveyed 300,000 people and measured the results with the biochemical race index made in Germany. Furuhata used the results to emphasize the differences between the surrounding peoples, ignoring the big differences from the West, and argued that the Japanese blood was “different” from the neighbours.
 On the other hand, based on the biochemical race index and the research results of Tanemoto Furuhata, Takeji Furukawa created blood type and personality discourse, while at the same time creating an argument that blood type and personality discourse could measure temperament in a group, that was, an ethnic unit. This paper found that his blood type and personality discourse was closely related to blood type and racist discourse, and that personality discourse was also used as a mechanism to overcome Japanese enthusiasm in racist discourse and discriminate Japanese from other ethnic groups. Takeji Furukawa's blood type and personality discourse had been criticized by academia, but on the contrary, it had received enthusiastic support from the public. It can also be seen that academia in Japan before the war also continued to study blood types with such personality discourse in mind.
 Although Tanemoto Furuhata and Takeji Furukawa had different specialties in forensic science on one side and psychology and pedagogy on the other, the two continued to have something in common in terms of trying to find the characteristics of the Japanese people through blood types. The two used common statistical data, and this paper found that they were similar in the direction of trying to reveal the existence of a unique blood type for Japanese based on a nationalistic perspective in analyzing the data.

New scientific specialty in political science «Public administration and sectoral policies» as a special subject field of political science

Using the methods of grouping, generalization, comparative theoretical analysis, traditional document analysis and extrapolation, a brief analysis of the content of the passport of the specialty 5.5.3 Public administration and sectoral policies was carried out. The applied orientation of future research on a new specialty and declared branches of knowledge is shown. The field of scientific methods in solving specific research tasks in this specialty is outlined. On the basis of a three-aspect analysis, the content of the passport of the specialty 5.5.3 Public administration and sectoral policies was studied. Conclusions are drawn regarding the semantic content of the points of the new specialty. So, part of the items in the passport of specialty 5.5.3 are taken from other passports of specialties in Political sciences and regional studies, but part is new. The inclusion of specialty 5.5.3 in the nomenclature of specialties in political science will contribute to an increase in the interdisciplinary nature of the ongoing research in political science. Due to the introduction of a new specialty, an increase in applied analytical work in political science is not excluded. The development of scientific research that falls under the passport of the specialty 5.5.3 Public Administration and sectoral policies will require further clarification of the subject field of research for both political science and economics. The authors have made a kind of «methodological groundwork» for conducting future research in the specialty 5.5.3 Public administration and sectoral policies. The potentially acceptable methodological and technological tools for conducting research within the framework of the above-mentioned scientific specialty are proposed.

The Russian Journal of Oncology and Russian Science Citation Index

The Russian Journal of Oncology is indexed in many databases, including the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). The journal is included in the List of peer-reviewed scientific publications for publishing the main scientific results of Ph.D. theses recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission (hereinafter referred to as the HAC List), which is characterized by structuring by scientific branches, scientific fields, and scientific specialties. Since 2021, the journal citation in the RSCI database has been equated in its value to indexing in the Web of Science Core Collection and/or Scopus, which is a criterion for the quality of a publication and a guideline in choosing a scientific journal by the authors for publishing the results of thesis research. Thus, when preparing a thesis paper, the list of publications can include those works of the applicant that are published in scientific journals presented in the HAC List in the relevant specialty, or in scientific journals indexed in RSCI, Web of Science and/or Scopus, regardless of the scientific specialty and relevant fields of science these journals are included in the HAC List, and whether they are included at all.
 Taking into account the changes that have taken place, the editors and the publisher continue to publish articles on molecular biology (1.5.3), genetics (1.5.7), oncology, radiation therapy (3.1.6), radiation diagnostics (3.1.25), surgery (3.1.9), neurosurgery (3.1.10), pediatric surgery (3.1.11), cardiovascular surgery (3.1.15), plastic surgery (3.1.16), maxillofacial surgery (3.1.2), pathological anatomy (3.3.2), and clinical laboratory diagnostics (3.3.8) in the Russian Journal of Oncology.

Supplemental Material for Design and Implementation of a Clinical Science Specialty Clinic for Adults With Neurological Disorders and Their Caregivers

Supplemental Material for Design and Implementation of a Clinical Science Specialty Clinic for Adults With Neurological Disorders and Their Caregivers

Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases journal and its indexation in Russian Science Citation Index

The Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases journal is indexed in a variety of scholarly databases, including the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), and is also included in the LIST of peer-reviewed scientific journal in which the main results of dissertations should be published for the degree of Candidate of Science, for the degree of Doctor of Science recommended by Higher Attestation Commission of Russian Federation (the List of VAK). At the same time, the List of VAK is structured by branches of science, scientific areas and scientific specialties, while RSCI is not. Since 2021, the indexing of a journal in the RSCI database has been equated in its value to indexing in the Web of Science Core Collection and/or in Scopus, as a criterion for the quality of a journals to be choose by an author for publishing the results of dissertation research. Thus, when preparing a dissertation work in Russian Federation, the list of publications can include those of the applicants works that are published in scientific journals from the List of VAK in the relevant specialty, or in scientific journals indexed in RSCI, Web of Science and/or in Scopus (regardless of whether in what scientific specialty and relevant areas of science these journals are included in the List of VAK, and whether they are included at all). Taking this into account, the editors and the publisher continue to publish articles on epidemiology (VAK spatiality code 3.2.2), infectious diseases (3.1.22), virology (1.5.10), medical microbiology (1.5.11) and parasitology (1.5.17) in the Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases journal.

Teaching Quality Evaluation of Animal Science Specialty Based on IPSO-BP Neural Network Model.

Teaching quality evaluation is one of the most commonly used educational evaluation methods, which is used to evaluate teachers' teaching ability and teaching effect. In order to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of teaching quality evaluation, a BP neural network model based on improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is proposed. Firstly, the evaluation index system of teaching quality is constructed with teaching attitude, teaching content, teaching method, and teaching effect as indicators. Then, IPSO algorithm is used to optimize the weight and threshold of neural network to improve the performance of BP algorithm. Secondly, IPSO-BP algorithm is used for sample training to optimize the model structure. Finally, the model is used to evaluate the teaching quality of animal science-related courses in Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities. The results show that compared with the ordinary BP neural network model, the IPSO-BP model has fast convergence speed, good robustness, and strong global search ability, and the evaluation accuracy rate is 96.7%. It is feasible in the evaluation of teaching quality.