Scientific Research Articles Research Articles

Soliton and other solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa equation with conformable derivative

In this scientific research article, we consider the (2 + 1)- dimensional Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa equation with conformable derivative (C-DJKME), a water wave model with low surface tension and long wavelengths with weakly nonlinear restoring forces and frequency dispersion. Since the solutions of C-DJKME constitute the basis and model of many physical phenomena, we see many original studies with interesting physical properties in the literature. In our research, to acquire exact and soliton solutions of the C-DJKME, the Sardar Subequation method and the new Kudryashov method are employed for the first time. We have shown that these two methods are very effective, easily applicable, and reliable in solving such nonlinear problems. Finally, the graphs of some solutions are depicted at appropriate values of parameters. The impact of the fractional parameter on the acquired solutions is also demonstrated through 2D plots.

Thirty-five years (1986–2021) of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: bibliometric and scoping analysis

BackgroundAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an acquired defect of the cellular immunity associated with the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The disease has reached pandemic proportion and has been considered a public health concern. This study is aimed at analyzing the trend of HIV/AIDS research in Nigeria.MethodWe used the PUBMED database to a conduct bibliometric analysis of HIV/AIDS-related research in Nigeria from 1986 to 2021 employing “HIV”, “AIDS”, “acquired immunodeficiency syndrome”, “Human immunodeficiency virus”, and “Nigeria” as search description. The most common bibliometric indicators were applied for the selected publications.ResultThe number of scientific research articles retrieved for HIV/AIDS-related research in Nigeria was 2796. Original research was the predominant article type. Articles authored by 4 authors consisted majority of the papers. The University of Ibadan was found to be the most productive institution. Institutions in the United States dominated external production with the University of Maryland at the top. The most utilized journal was PLoS ONE. While Iliyasu Z. was the most productive principal author, Crowel TA. was the overall most productive author with the highest collaborative strength. The keyword analysis using overlay visualization showed a gradual shift from disease characteristics to diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Trend in HIV/AIDS research in Nigeria is increasing yet evolving. Four articles were retracted while two had an expression of concern.ConclusionThe growth of scientific literature in HIV/AIDS-related research in Nigeria was found to be high and increasing. However, the hotspot analysis still shows more unexplored grey areas in future.

The Rise of Open Access Journals in Radiation Oncology: Influence on Resident Research, 2015 to 2019

PurposeWhile a rising share of scientific research articles are being published in open access (OA) journals, their impact on resident research in radiation oncology is unknown. Thus, we sought to determine the number, content, and costs of first-author, PubMed-searchable articles radiation oncology residents in the United States (US) published in OA journals in recent years. Methods and MaterialsWe built a database of first-author, PubMed-searchable articles published by US radiation oncology residents who graduated between 2015 and 2019. We then classified each journal in which these articles appeared as either OA or non-OA and obtained the current article-processing charge (APC) for each publication that appeared in an OA journal. ResultsThe residents in this study published 2637 first-author, PubMed-searchable articles, 555 of which (21.0%) appeared in 138 OA journals. The number of publications in OA journals per resident increased from 0.47 for the class of 2015 to 0.79 for the class of 2019. Publications in OA journals garnered fewer citations than those in non-OA journals (8.9 vs 14.9, P < .01). Furthermore, 90.6% of OA journals levy an APC for original research reports (median, $1896), which is positively correlated with their 2019 impact factor (r = 0.63, P < .01). Aggregate APCs totaled $900,319.21 and appeared to increase over the study period. ConclusionsThe number of first-author, PubMed-searchable articles published by graduating US radiation oncology residents in OA journals rose significantly between 2015 and 2019. To maximize the benefits of OA publishing in the future, US radiation oncology residents will need to ensure that they use vetted OA journals to publish their research findings and avoid predatory journals.

Two Analytical Schemes for the Optical Soliton Solution of the (2 + 1) Hirota–Maccari System Observed in Single-Mode Fibers

In this scientific research article, the new Kudryashov method and the tanh-coth method, which have not been applied before, are employed to construct analytical and soliton solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Hirota–Maccari system. The (2+1)-dimensional Hirota–Maccari system is a special kind of nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSEs) that models the motion of isolated waves localized in a small part of space, and is used in such various fields as fiber optics telecommunication systems, nonlinear optics, plasma physics, and hydrodynamics. In addition, the Hirota–Maccari system defines the dynamical characters of femtosecond soliton pulse propagation in single-mode fibers. Analytical solutions of the model are successfully acquired with the assistance of symbolic computation utilizing these methods. Finally, 3D, 2D, and contour graphs of solutions are depicted at specific values of parameters. It is shown that the new Kudryashov method and the tanh-coth method are uncomplicated, very effective, easily applicable, reliable, and indeed vital mathematical tools in solving nonlinear models.

Aspects of the contribution of systemic functional linguistics to ESP, with particular reference to the physical sciences research article

The study of a small sample of physical sciences research articles shows that although the overall rate of passive forms has changed little in recent years, individual articles display a wide range. Almost two thirds of passive forms are mental processes, including mathematical processes which form over half of the total. Some articles use first person pronoun subjects readily, while others use them hardly at all. Three quarters of the verbs with first person pronouns subjects occur with mental processes with half being mathematical. Nominalization has been common in scientific writing since the 18th century, and increased during the 20th century. This is frequently used within the thematic structure to build up the argument structure of a text. These features can be studied from a number of different theoretical perspectives, but systemic functional linguistics provides a total theory of language which shows how they form part of the same unified structure.

AWWA Water Science Author Spotlight

Having published an article in AWWA Water Science, Leigh Terry answered questions from the publication's editor-in-chief, Kenneth L. Mercer, about the research. Evaluation of the Biodegradability of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter via Biological Filtration Melanie Vines and Leigh G. Terry Leigh at the Universidad del Norte (Barranquilla, Colombia), completing her Fulbright Specialist Program. A hot summer day in Guatemala piqued my interest in water research and set me on the career path I am on today. I traveled to Guatemala in the summer between my sophomore and junior year of college through Athletes in Action. My team and I had finished running 12 miles on the track in Guatemala City, and water was the first thing we wanted. Much to our dismay, the bottled water we brought was inadequate to quench our thirst. Unable to refill our bottles from the faucet, I began to wonder what was in the tap water that would make us sick and how we could remove it. I researched career paths that would allow me to continue to ask these questions and found the field of environmental engineering. I love asking questions and seeking the answers. Being a long-distance runner, I have developed endurance and persistence to finish what I start (which can often be an issue in the lab!) and I think these traits will help me succeed as a researcher. Ask questions, seek answers, and do not give up when it gets hard or you can't quite see the finish line. Leigh and her family hiking at the University of Alabama Arboretum in Tuscaloosa. Leigh (white hat) and her research group at a monthly pub run. Nature and people have always fascinated me. I love living in community with others, and I try to be cognizant of my environmental impact. I see these two themes intersect in my research as I focus on sustainable technologies to solve fundamental water treatment problems to improve a community's quality of life. I also love to travel, so I incorporate international components into my research. For example, I completed a Fulbright Specialist Program in Colombia last year, and I co-lead a study-abroad program in Italy in the summers. Leigh (first row, right) with students and professors from the University of Alabama, Tuskegee University (Ala.), and Universidad del Norte, visiting a water treatment plant that employs membrane filtration. The goal is to help utilities optimize organic carbon removal in drinking water to meet regulations (organic carbon, disinfection byproducts, regrowth, etc.) to protect public health. Utilities will need to diversify source water as typical source waters become scarce; thus, our research can provide insights into different types of source waters and the fractions of DOM removed in each via biological filtration. I grew up in Alabama and went to graduate school in Colorado. Alabama is considered a “water-rich” state and America's Amazon because of the biodiversity of the river network and surrounding forests. I grew up water skiing and swimming in the Tombigbee River and traveling to the Gulf Coast to visit the beaches. I always appreciated the water (especially in Alabama's hot summers), but I never realized its scarcity until I moved to Colorado for graduate school. Water security is an issue that affects every state, and policies to protect our water resources are needed for future generations. As traditional source waters become scarce and/or more contaminated, utilities are forced to look into alternative sources and creative treatment technologies to meet these new challenges. I love running and the gift of being outside, so I schedule runs into my weekly calendar. My research team participates in our local monthly pub run around town to make sure we are all taking time away the lab and enjoying one another's company in the open air. I also love hiking or swimming with my family. We have small kids, so I try to spend as much time outside with them as possible. While Leigh is an author of the article featured here, she is also a recent addition to AWWA Water Science's editorial board. To learn more about Leigh's research, visit the article, available online at https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1201. AWWA members have access to this and all AWWA Water Science research articles for free. Learn more about AWWA's digital, peer-reviewed journal by visiting www.awwawaterscience.com.

Hydrology research articles are becoming more topically diverse

We used Natural Language Processing (NLP) to assess topic diversity in all research articles (∼75,000) from eighteen water science and hydrology journals published between 1991 and 2019. We found that individual water science and hydrology research articles are becoming increasingly diverse in the sense that, on average, the number of topics represented in individual articles is increasing, which may be a sign of increasing interdisciplinarity. This is true even though the body of water science and hydrology literature as a whole is not becoming more topically diverse. Topics with the largest increases in popularity were Climate Change Impacts, Water Policy & Planning, and Pollutant Removal. Topics with the largest decreases in popularity were Stochastic Models and Numerical Models. At a journal level, Water Resources Research, Journal of Hydrology, and Hydrological Processes are the three most topically diverse journals among the corpus that we studied.

Çanakkale (Dardanelles) Boğazı Kıyılarındaki Bivalv Türlerinin Ağır Metal İçerikleri Üzerine 2000-2022 Yılları Arasında Yapılan Araştırmaların İncelenmesi

Su kalitesinin korunması ve kirliliğin önlenmesi amacıyla deniz ekosistemlerinde, fizikokimyasal ve biyolojik parametrelerin belli aralıklarla izlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, Çanakkale Boğazı bölgesindeki yumuşakça türlerinin ağır metal içerikleri hakkında 2000-2022 yılları arasında yayınlanmış bilimsel araştırma makalelerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bölgede gelecekteki çalışmalar için referans oluşturmak amacıyla yenilebilir dokularla ilgili mevcut veriler çeşitli gıda kodları ile karşılaştırılarak insan tüketimi için ağır metal seviyeleri tartışılmıştır.

Meta-Analysis: The Effect of D-Dimer on Mortality in Patients with COVID-19

Background: The severity of COVID-19 can be detected by examining elevated levels of CRP, ferritin, IL-6 and LDH. Elevated D-dimer levels are often found in patients with severe COVID-19 which can predict the occurrence of ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) and patient mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence D-dimer levels had on mortality of COVID-19 patients. Subjects and Method: This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis with following PICO, population: patients with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Intervention: high D-dimer level. Comparison: low D-dimer level. Outcome: mortality. The data used were obtained from scientific research articles from Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Proquest electronic databases with a cohort design in 2020 until 2022 and report on aOR in multivariate analysis. The keywords used in the search for scientific articles were “D-dimer level” OR “D-dimer” AND “COVID-19” AND “mortality”. The selection of articles is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Data were analyzed using Review Manager software version 5.4.1.Results: A total of 12 studies with a cohort design that met the criteria from Asia, America, and Europe were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, it was found that increased levels of D-dimer (&gt;0.5 g/mL) increased mortality in COVID-19 patients by 6.40 times compared to low levels of D-dimer (≤0.5 g/mL) and was statistically significant (aOR = 6.40; 95% CI= 4.51 to 9.08; p&lt;0.001).Conclusion: Elevated levels of D-dimer may increase mortality risk in COVID-19 patients. Keywords: d-dimer level, d-dimer, covid-19, mortality. Correspondence:Yusuf Ryadi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah. Email: yusuf.ryadi@gmail.com. Mobile: 085715605268.

Isolation, characterization and identification of bioactive compounds from Herbal Medicines and Medicinal Plant Extracts by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: A brief review

Herbal medicines are mostly used from thousands of years in primary health care of society and community of both developed and developing countries. It mainly includes whole plant, herbs, extracts, isolated compounds, polyherbal preparations, phytoformulations etc. Identification of bioactive compounds from phytomedicines plays a very important role in drug development and drug design process. The characterization of phytomedicines is very much essential in the identification of compounds. For the purpose of identification two methods, Spectroscopy and Chromatography play important role. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is the widely used technique which is mainly used to identify functional groups in herbal medicines. Various scientific research articles published on extraction, isolation, characterization and identification of phytoconstituents from medicinal plants and other forms of herbal medicines is being reviewed in this article. We have mainly focused on the FTIR characterization and identification of phytochemicals from herbal medicines and are briefly presented in this review work. Our present review article concludes that the FTIR spectroscopy plays very much essential role in the identification and characterization of bioactive compounds from herbal medicines.

A Semester of Immunoregulation in Review

In the University of Kansas Biotechnology program, we recognize the importance of ensuring that our graduates are able to adequately breakdown and digest complex scientific research articles. To prepare students for this, the program requires that students enroll in a Selected Topics class where they are divided into small groups and take turns breaking down and explaining different research articles to the class (through Power Point presentations). To make this activity more engaging, each article is selected to chronologically simulate the progression of exemplary publications on a single topic. For the 2022 spring semester, students were introduced to a novel putative co-stimulatory molecule in the immunoglobulin superfamily, CTLA-4 through the 1987 Brunet, J.F.. et al., paper. Week by week, new discoveries about T cell interactions through their co-stimulatory molecules were explained to the class by these groups, culminating with research on the immunoreceptor TIGIT by Johnston, R. J. et al., from 2014. This format allows students to practice both breaking down research articles and presenting them in a clear and concise manner. As a final project, students are instructed to select a recently (within the past five years) published article on the same topic and write a review article that not only summarizes the topics discussed that semester, but informs the reader how this new research adds to the existing knowledge on the subject. The following papers are exemplary examples of those written by students enrolled in the course.

Is academic writing becoming more positive? A large-scale diachronic case study of Science research articles across 25years.

Academic writing is developing to be more positive. This linguistic positivity bias is confirmed in academic writing across disciplines and genres. The current research adopted sentiment analysis and examined the diachronic change in linguistic positivity in the full texts of 2,556 research articles published in Science in 25 years. The results showed that academic writing in research articles in the journal Science has become significantly more positive in the past 25 years. The findings of this study confirm linguistic positivity bias in academic writing based on empirical data from Science. Reasons for the increasingly positive language use in science articles might include the popularization of science, the growing number of researchers, and the difficulty of publishing in high-impact journals. Finally, this study discussed the implications of our findings for researchers, editors, and peer reviewers.

Practical Steps to Writing a Scientific Manuscript.

Writing a scientific manuscript can be a very intimidating process for new writers. However, writing a scientific research article can be broken down into discrete steps to make the process more digestible. Radiology manuscripts have common conventions that differ from research in technical and other medical fields. The practical steps summarized within describe what to do before you start writing, successful writing strategies, and common writing styles. Templates for producing an abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion are outlined, along with tips to collect references and produce high quality figures. All writers can benefit from an outside writing perspective, and the practical steps described should ease the transition from a blank page to a finished manuscript.

Scientific research article – How to write and get it published?

Writing scientific research article is necessary for the evolution of scientific knowledge and may be helpful in the professional advancement of researchers. It, thus far, not only improves the writing skill of the researcher but also opens the door to getting scientifically connected with peer groups. Many manuscripts are not being published in any scientific journal, simply because the author(s) have not adhered to the basic rules to construct a good manuscript or have not followed the publication guidelines as recommended by the journal. It is not a difficult job if the minimum standards or protocols are being followed systematically. The authors, in the present review, highlight the salient points to keep in mind before starting to write the manuscript and provide readers with a few elementary steps to generate a good quality manuscript. Moreover, a plan of the revision process that may require to publish the manuscript has also been highlighted.

Herb-drug interaction resources: The PHYDGI database

BackgroundAccording to the WHO, about 60% of the world's population currently uses traditional herbal remedies as complementary or alternative medicine and 80% of the population in developing countries depends almost totally on them for their primary health-care requirements. Due to a lack of knowledge on the action mechanisms of plant compounds or mixture, concerns regarding the safety of potential Herb-Drug Interactions (HDIs) have been raised. Over the past two decades and by 2018, 124 WHO Member States had implemented regulations on herbal medicines. However, databases of interactions between plants and modern allopathic drugs are still limited. MethodsThis study aims to build a database containing the information required for the proper concomitant use of chemical drugs and plant remedies. To develop the HDI database, scientific research articles were searched online using Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Specific key-words, including plant names and “herb” “drug” “interactions” were questioned. Articles were then selected on the availability of required information including the fine identification of the plant extracts. Peculiar attention was paid on data reliability, and redundancies in interaction data increased their credibility. To inform about this reliability, a specific grade was applied. Besides, a grade based on the strength of pharmacokinetic changes was also given. ResultsAs of February 2022, the PHYDGI database allows health care professionals, researchers and manufacturers of plant-based remedies and dietary supplements to search an entity amongst 58 plants and its potential interactions with a given drug amongst 114 commonly used medical substances. ConclusionThe PHYDGI database integrates scientific data on HDI in well-structured forms including reference to the scientific sources. It provides herbal entities and their interactions as well as the level of strength for the pharmacokinetic interactions. This database which will be available for health practitioners, for phyto-drugs and food supplement manufacturers should help reducing potential HDI and developing safe use of plant-based remedies or supplements.

Trends in game learning analysis: A systematical review of the expert literature

&lt;p&gt;This article presents a systematic review of the specialized literature using the meta-synthesis method to learn about the theoretical and empirical trends that can be found in the scientific literature on game learning analytics. The search was carried out in 17 databases and 153 results were obtained. After applying certain exclusion criteria, 17 scientific research articles were admitted for analysis. The information was classified into design, validation and implementation trends. The design findings suggest a tendency to simulate real environments with the aim of validating not only the serious game, but also the learning obtained by applying pre- and post-test measurements. A varied implementation was observed between educational purposes, training or support for people with disabilities. Likewise, pre-designed games and author’s games with individual interactions were used.&lt;/p&gt;

Research Topic Specialization of Universities in Information Science and Library Science and Its Impact on Inter-University Collaboration

Universities significantly empower the development of science and technology, and inter-university research collaborations have been one of the major approaches. Considering each university has its expertise regarding research topics in a given discipline, the present paper examines the specialization of university research and its impact on inter-university collaborations. Based on a keyword network constructed via research articles in Information Science and Library Science, 10 research topics are identified. Accordingly, the research topic diversity of a university and the research topic similarity between two universities are quantified. The universities with diverse research topics are found to be more collaborative. A further collaboration network analysis based on the Quadradic Assignment Procedure reveals the important role of research topic similarity on the closeness and impact of collaborations. The different research topic specializations largely prevent close collaborations between two universities, but on the other hand, have the potential to form a complementary combination of knowledge leading to more impactful research output. The analysis and results highlight the important role of research topic specialization and provide insights for the university- or department-level strategy for research collaborations.

Potensi Bumdes Berbasis Syariah Pasca Legalisasi UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja

This study aims to discuss the regulation of Village Own Enterprise (BUMDes) and the opportunities for sharia BUMDes after the legality of the Job Creation Act. The research method used is normative-juridical research, which is carried out by analyzing interrelated laws and regulations, as well as collecting related information through books, scientific journals, scientific research results, articles, and other valid supporting sources from the internet. Then based on these sources will be processed and analyzed based on the formulation of the problem that has been determined, in order to obtain a solution to the problems that occur. The emergence of the formulation of BUMDes in the Village Act has become an essential provision for villages to be able to try to advance their territory. Villages with all the local culture inherent in them are required to be able to advance independently, with the spirit of mutual cooperation through the implementation of BUMDes in their area. After the issuance of the Job Creation Act, BUMDes underwent significant changes that required a legal entity as its embodiment. However, to date, there have been no further provisions that stipulate with certainty the types of business with legal entities that are relevant to be applied by village communities. In order to reach benefit from the diversity of potentials in the village, the development of sharia cooperative business is a universal recommendation for villages to advance the economy in their area.

Higher Education and Smart Education System: The Impact of Learning Style and Environmental Characteristics in the State of Kuwait

The purpose of this research is to explore the implementation of smart education systems and approaches in the State of Kuwait’s higher education. The determinants of the successful smart education system, particularly learning styles of students and the learning environment characteristics also investigated. The advancement of information and communication technologies has paved the shifts in learning and teaching with countries such as Kuwait have progressively integrated ICTs and smart technologies into their education systems. This research conducted a systematic literature review on smart education systems in Kuwait and the determinants of its successful implementation. A systematic keyword strategy was utilized for secondary data search from databases and archives, including university e-library and scholarly scientific research and various article database. A systematic content analysis was conducted by analysing the gathered secondary data. Findings from this study suggested that various tools and technologies used in implementing smart education in Kuwait however, learning styles and learning environmental characteristics had significantly influenced the success of the adoption of smart education in Kuwait’s higher education. The findings of this study demonstrated practical implications in higher education, especially in terms of designing smart education systems in emphasizing the learning styles of students as well as the necessary learning environment factors for successful smart education. The smart education systems to facilitate flexible and efficient learning of higher education students in Kuwait along with learning styles of students and learning environmental factors are considered in designing smart education.

Lama Menyusui Dan Tingkat Kemiskinan Keluarga Kaitannya Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Balita : Studi Literatur

Background Stunting is one of the nutritional problems faced in today's world that many toddlers experience. Stunting is a condition where children under five have a length / height that is less when compared to age. The incidence of stunting arises from conditions such as poverty and inappropriate breastfeeding. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between length of breastfeeding and the level of family poverty with the incidence of stunting in children under five in a literature study. The type of research used is a literature study with secondary data collection from scientific research articles from 2015-2020. Article selection is done by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria consisting of duplication, title, abstract and PICOS criteria. Search data using the online Google Scholar, DOAJ, PubMed and Garuda databases using the key words "long breastfeeding" AND toddler stunting, and family poverty level AND "toddler stunting". The articles obtained were 289 articles, but only 11 articles that matched the inclusion criteria. Selected articles are then evaluated. The results of this literature study found that 5 out of 11 articles that examined the relationship between poverty and stunting showed that 100% of the articles stated that there was a relationship. Children from poor families tend not to get good nutrition because they cannot provide food at the household level. . Likewise with the length of breastfeeding. 6 out of 11 articles that reviewed this subject, 100% showed that there was a relationship between the length of breastfeeding and the risk of stunting. The longer breastfeeding is given, the less stunting occurs. In conclusion, The family poverty rate and the length of breastfeeding are related to the incidence of stunting in children under five