Nature Of Science Research Articles

Struktura i obsada kadrowa Wydziału Budownictwa Miasta Lublin 1939–1942

The issue of the administrative system in the General Government has not yet been sufficiently studied and developed. This article is of a scientific and research nature. The author presents the structure, competences and staff of the Department of Civil Engineering, one of the main departments of administration of the city of Lublin, the capital city of the Lublin district in the years 1939–1944. The aim of the research was also to show that the entire administrative apparatus in Lublin functioned under the full supervision of the German authorities and was obliged to follow the instructions of the occupier. The issue of territorial and local administration in the area of the General Government definitely requires further research. There are works referring to individual county and municipal administration bodies, but there is a noticeable lack of synthesis taking into account all structural and organizational aspects of administration and containing an assessment of its functioning. The main source of information are archival materials available at the State Archives in Lublin (Files of the City of Lublin 1939–1944). In addition to the characteristics of the Department of Civil Engineering, the article also describes the basics of the administrative system in the General Government and the Lublin district.

The impact of nature of science activities on science teacher candidates’ views on the NOS and their self-efficacy beliefs about teaching the NOS

This study aims to examine the effects of explicit-reflective nature of science (NOS) activities on science teacher candidates’ views on the nature of science and self-efficacy beliefs about teaching the nature of science, using a single-group pre-test-post-test experimental method. The research sample included 120 science teacher candidates studying at public universities in Turkey’s Marmara and Central Anatolia Regions during the second semester of the academic term 2017-2018. Data were collected using the “Views Questionnaire on the Nature of Science-VNOS-C” and “Self-Efficacy Scale for Nature of Science Knowledge and Instruction”. For data analysis we used statistically related samples t-Test, descriptive statistics using frequency (f)-percentage (%) and content analysis. Participants’ beliefs for teaching the nature of science positively changed after the applications (p .01). Also, views in all dimensions of the nature of science have increased at an “acceptable” level as well. According to the findings, nature of science activities enhanced students’ views about the nature of science and their self-efficacy beliefs about tutoring the nature of science.

Fostering idealogical and polical education via knowledge graph and KNN model: an emphasis on positive psychology

As the primary domain of ideological and political education in higher education institutions, ideological and political courses must align with principles rooted in human psychology and education. Integrating educational psychology into ideological and political teaching in universities enhances the scientific, targeted, and forward-thinking nature of such education. The burgeoning exploration of knowledge graph applications has extended to machine translation, semantic search, and intelligent question answering. Diverging from traditional text matching, the knowledge spectrum graph transforms information acquisition in search engines. This paper pioneers a predictive system for delineating the relationship between educational psychology and ideological and political education in universities. Initially, it extracts diverse psychological mapping relationships of students, constructing a knowledge graph. By employing the KNN algorithm, the system analyzes psychological characteristics to effectively forecast the relationship between educational psychology and ideological and political education in universities. The system's functionality is meticulously detailed in this paper, and its performance is rigorously tested. The results demonstrate high accuracy, recall rates, and F1 values. The F1 score can reach 0.95enabling precise sample classification. The apex of the average curve for system response time peaks at approximately 2.5 s, maintaining an average response time of less than 3 s. This aligns seamlessly with the demands of practical online teaching requirements. The system adeptly forecasts the relationship between educational psychology and ideological and political education in universities, meeting response time requirements and thereby fostering the scientific and predictive nature of ideological and political teaching in higher education institutions.

Examining the Structural Relationships Between Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Intention to Teach and Perceptions of the Nature of Science and Attitudes

Abstract The current study aimed to examine the structural relationships between pre-service science teachers’ intention to teach and perceptions of the nature of science (NOS) and attitudes toward teaching science. The sample consisted of 206 pre-service science teachers from a major university in the United Arab Emirates who have bachelor’s degrees in science. Quantitative research methodology was used to study the structural relationships among pre-service science teachers’ intention to teach, perceptions of the NOS, and attitudes. Structural equation modeling using the Lavaan package was used to test these structural relationships. The results show that the relationships between the indigenous constructs (NOS) and the mediator constructs (DAS) can predict pre-service science teachers’ intention to teach science (p < 0.05).

Zur Bezeichnung „Musikologie“ bei Guido Adler

Guido Adler’s choice of the term “Musikologie” (“musicology”) as the preferred synonym of “Vergleichende Musikwissenschaft” (literally “comparative science of music”), a sub-section of the overall discipline of “Musikwissenschaft” (“science of music”), in his 1885 article “Umfang, Methode und Ziel der Musikwissenschaft” (“The scope, method and aim of musicology”) is puzzling and confusing. Situating Adler’s usage in terminological history of “Musikologie” in several European languages, this article discusses four hypotheses that seek to explain his choice of “Musikologie”: (1.) as a terminological lapse, (2.) as signifying the subdiscipline’s scientific nature, (3.) as caused by outside influence, and (4.) as inspired by hearsay and half-knowledge of Franjo Kuhač’s simultaneous terminological choice. The hypotheses have different degrees of plausibility and consistency, but no explanation emerges clearly as the single most obvious one.

ABISH KEKILBAYULY – LITERARY SCIENTIST

This article examines the contribution of Abish Kekilbayuly to lit- erary studies. His role as a literary scholar is to study the works of famous poets and writers, and his conclusions related to literary theory are enriched and substantiated in his literary and educational scientific articles. The purpose of the article is to summarize the literary and literary criticism of literary critic A.Kekilbayuly about literature, scientific, literary, educational and criti- cal thoughts that arose during the study of creative laboratories of writers. To realize this goal, scientific, research and educational articles by A.Kekilbayuly were selected and taken as the object of research, showing his literary skills. The article uses methods of review, description, systematization, analysis, and comparison. As a scientific novelty, this article for the first time analyzes and studies the scientific nature of the literary aspect of Abish Kekilbayuly within the framework of his literary and scientific articles related to the theory of literature. The works of a literary critic are examined and evaluated from the heights of modern literary criti- cism. It is emphasized that the key thoughts and literary reflections of the scientist in each of his articles, rational judments are precious things that never lose their value. This article, which analyzes A. Kekilbayuly’s scientific ideas about aesthetic and cognitive thought and writers, a creative laboratory, literary trends and literary movements, literary style and other literary theories, allows it to be used as addition- al material in special courses related to literary studies and evaluate A. Kekilbayuly as a literary critic.

Beauty and the Brain: The Science of Human Nature in Early America by Rachel E. Walker (review)

Beauty and the Brain: The Science of Human Nature in Early America by Rachel E. Walker (review)

Research on an evaluation rubric for promoting user's continuous usage intention: a case study of serious games for Chinese cultural heritage.

The sustainable development of serious games dedicated to Chinese cultural heritage faces challenges due to the lack of prolonged user engagement and iterative optimization based on long-term user feedback. This situation not only hinders the sustainable growth of these games but also limits the transmission of Chinese cultural heritage, a problem that demands urgent attention yet remains under-acknowledged. This study synthesizes literature to unearth user needs from three dimensions: motivational use, quality requirements of games, and continuous usage intention. It identifies 14 influential factors, including cognitive satisfaction, immersion satisfaction, and achievement satisfaction. Drawing from the User Experience Rubric for Educational Games-CH (UEREG-CH) evaluation rubric and the Delphi method, these factors are expanded into an evaluation system model comprising six primary indicators, 14 secondary indicators, and 38 tertiary indicators. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized for expert scoring to assign weights to each indicator. This is combined with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to arrive at a final user score of Z = 3.4228, indicating that the evaluation rubric is close to 'good' and has received positive user feedback. Ultimately, this generates an evaluation rubric tailored to the specific context of serious games for cultural heritage. By integrating qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper confirms the scientific and rational nature of the evaluation rubric. The study aims to establish a user-approved rubric that encourages continuous usage intention, thereby providing effective guidance for game developers and assisting users in selecting appropriate games, while also addressing the theoretical gap in the field of evaluation for serious games related to cultural heritage.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ГОРОДОВ И РЕГИОНОВ В ИПРЭ РАН: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ КОНТЕКСТ

The article examines the research of the issues of scientific and technological development of cities and regions, conducted since the establishment of the Institute of Socio-Economic Problems of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR to the present time in the framework of the scientific direction «Socio-economic problems of transformation of scientific and innovative activities in the region». The author presents the role of the Institute in the development of important state documents of a scientific and technical nature, such as: Comprehensive program of scientific and technological progress of Leningrad and the Leningrad region, Targeted comprehensive territorial and sectoral program for the development of the national economy of Leningrad and the Leningrad region based on automation with extensive use of computer technology for 1984–1985 and up to 1990 («Intensification-90»). The subject of research in the post-Soviet period aimed at increasing the role of science and innovation in regional socio-economic development is revealed. The article describes the role of the Institute in the development of programs of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Department of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the St. Petersburg Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences aimed at studying the modernization potential of the North-West macro-region. The tasks for further research in the changed conditions of the functioning of the economy of the country and its regions are determined.

Students’ and facilitators’ experiences with synchronous and asynchronous online dialogic discussions and e-facilitation in understanding the Nature of Science

The existing literature lacks a precise understanding of how online facilitation and dialogic discussions can positively impact students’ comprehension of the Nature of Science (NoS). This study delves into the experiences of students and facilitators engaged in synchronous and asynchronous online dialogic discussions and e-facilitation to enhance our understanding of NoS. An innovative experiment employed a digital dialogue game to engage postgraduate students in a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) secondary science course. The participants included sixty-five PGCE science students and three lecturers specializing in different science disciplines (Physics, Chemistry, and Biology). Qualitative data collection methods and analysis, including transcripts of online discussions about NoS topics, were followed by critical event recall interviews to identify specific online dialogue events that significantly contributed to the comprehension of NoS. The findings contribute significantly to comprehending students’ processes in grasping complex and debatable topics such as Nature of Science (NoS) within online dialogic discussions supported by e-facilitation. They emphasize the importance of establishing an open and expansive dialogic space, with a focus on the crucial roles of e-facilitators. The results also highlight a tension between active and passive roles in both synchronous and asynchronous online discussions. Additionally, the study sheds light on the influence of space, time, and texts in understanding NoS through e-facilitated online dialogic discussions. Notably, the research emphasizes the live chat room’s significance within Interloc, accentuating its role as a social space fostering a sense of community and a safe environment for inquiry in online dialogue which supported understanding NoS.

An integrative review of secondary school quantum physics curricula in Malaysia

<span lang="EN-US">As a relatively new subject in the physics curriculum of Malaysian secondary schools, quantum physics (QP) raises questions about its relevance to students and the best approach for teaching it. This paper aims to analyze the content of the QP curriculum to provide students with a meaningful learning experience and expose them to the nature of science (NOS). To accomplish this, the Malaysian standard curriculum document known as </span><em><span lang="EN-US">Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> (DSKP) and the textbook were analyzed through integrative review. Frameworks and perspectives identified by Stadermann and co-workers on the common trust of the QP curriculum in 15 different countries were used as a benchmark for this analysis. It is found that the QP curriculum in Malaysia focuses on the fundamental principle of understanding the quantum energy of light and its interaction with matter. However, it is also found that there are specific NOS aspects that can be highlighted to help students develop their scientific literacy. These might include emphasizing the philosophy of complementarity in explaining the wave-particle duality principle, the ultraviolet catastrophe, and the contradiction of classical physics interpretation with QP. It is suggested that the QP curriculum be improved by including these and other relevant examples to be on par with other countries. Overall, this analysis provides insight into the relevance and content of QP in Malaysian secondary schools. The proposed changes may help improve students’ learning experience and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the NOS.</span>

Using Darwin’s Pangenesis Correspondences to Examine Science as a Human Endeavor

This lesson used the correspondence of Charles Darwin as an exploration of nature of science (NOS) in a historical context. Specifically, we used his original correspondence about his “provisional hypothesis” of pangenesis as a novel way to explore a scientist’s social community. Darwin’s community of friends and colleagues in the natural sciences at the time of his writing of his 1868 book Variations formed the basis of this lesson. One basic descriptor of NOS, science as a human endeavor, was used to drive explicit reflection. These letters were rich in detail regarding the idea of science as a community of practice. Our elementary education students’ responses indicate the letters surprised them in how personal the correspondents were with one another and how reliant Darwin was on his friends and colleagues for input on his work. Darwin became human as students imagined Darwin’s mental state and how he wrestled with his idea and made it public. Students learned that despite Darwin’s fame, his idea of pangenesis lacked empirical evidence and thus received little support. They discovered an eminent scientist who was insecure and nervous and who worked hard to develop, study, and publicize his novel idea. This contrasts with popular views of major scientific figures as natural geniuses rather than their success resulting from labor and perseverance.

Determination of 13 chemical components of Epimedii Folium in pharmacopoeia by UPLC method combined with quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single-marker

The quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single-marker(QAMS) was established for 13 chemical components of Epimedii Folium, including neoglycolic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryo-chlorogenic acid, magnolidine, hypericin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, baohuoside Ⅱ, sagittatoside A, icariin subside Ⅰ, and baohuoside Ⅰ, so as to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of this method in evaluating the quality of Epimedii Folium materials from different origins and different varieties. Through the scientific and accurate investigation of the experimental method, the external standard method was used to determine the content of 13 chemical components in epimedium brevieornu. At the same time, icariin was used as the internal standard, and the relative correction factors of icariin with neoglycolic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryo-chlorogenic acid, magnolidine, hypericin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, baohuoside Ⅱ, sagittatoside A, icariin subside Ⅰ, and baohuoside Ⅰ were established, respectively. The contens of neoglycolic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryo-chlorogenic acid, magnolidine, hypericin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, baohuoside Ⅱ, sagittatoside A, icariin subside Ⅰ, and baohuosideⅠ in Epimedii Folium were calculated by QAMS. Finally, the difference between the measured value and the calculated value was compared to verify the accuracy and scientific nature of QAMS in the determination. The relative correction factor of each component had better repeatability, and there was no significant difference between the results of the external standard method and those of QAMS. With icariin as the internal standard, QAMS simultaneously determining neoglycolic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryo-chlorogenic acid, magnolidine, hypericin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, baohuoside Ⅱ, sagittatoside A, icariin subside Ⅰ, and baohuoside Ⅰ can be used for quantitative analysis of Epimedii Folium.

Pedagogical support of educational work with the modern family as a means of forming spiritual and moral values of the children

The article is devoted to the consideration of issues of educational work with parents and its importance in the formation of value orientations and morality in modern children. In the context of studying the scientific literature of Russian scientists, the author concludes that this problem is relevant and requires further research. The highlighted methodological approaches – systemic, axiological, and familistic - contribute to the disclosure of the scientific nature of the research. The purpose of the study is to identify the importance of pedagogical support for educational work with the family in the context of the formation of moral values of children at the present stage of development of Russian society and the state. The author's understanding of the essence of the definition of "pedagogical enlightenment" is revealed, its essence and significance in the upbringing of spiritual and moral values of modern children are determined. The article highlights the pedagogical features of pedagogical education, manifested at different stages of family development in matters of education: educational (propaedeutic) work with future parents to educate children the moral values, educational pedagogical work with parents raising children of preschool, junior, middle and senior school age. Traditional and innovative forms of educational work in different periods of child development in the family are proposed. The difficulties of educational work with the family are highlighted, consisting in the slow process of developing parental literacy and competence, in the absence of uniform rules for raising children in the family, in the absence of clear mechanisms for interaction between parents and social institutions, in the search for effective forms of cooperation, in the absence of a single model of educational work with the family, in insufficient pedagogical education of parents in the mass media. The material under study allows us to conclude that educational and educational work will be successful if all social institutions are engaged in this activity, which will increase the pedagogical activity of parents, raise the status of family and parenthood, as well as the competence of teachers in organizing educational activities with the family and the development of spiritual and moral values of children.

The continuity of the vocal and performing heritage of the multi-genre song culture of the Kuban Cossacks

The object of the study is the continuous preservation of the multi-genre Cossack folk song, which represents a key purpose in the implementation of the preservation of the traditional mentality at the present stage. The subject of this work is the immanent complexes of traditional song culture in the folklore heritage. The purpose of this study is to structure the issue of the cultural interrelation of the ethnic canvas of the Kuban Cossack folk songs, in the originality of the genesis of the vocal and performing specifics of modern creativity. When discovering the fundamental foundations of the vocal performance of the Cossack song, special attention is paid to the study of the folklore primary sources of the Kuban folklorists, V.G.Zakharchenko, A.D.Bigdai, G.M.Kontsevich. Along with this, an expert assessment of the characteristics of the Kuban Cossack folk song according to the genre classification component is an important feature of the performance of vocal samples today. The theoretical basis is in an analytical approach to the peculiarities of the performance of a local source from the point of view of substantiating the scientific nature of the subject under consideration according to the functionally oriented elements of the report: traditions, traditional manner of performance, interpretation of the text, song melody. Methodological basis: components of the study of the local singing tradition, modernization of folklore song documents, the method of consistency-the genre diversity of Cossack performance. The author's approach to the correlation of musical sources as methodological characteristics of the Kuban Cossack singing traditions has been developed. We test the proposed system when working with archival documents, in the diagnosis of song samples recorded from informants. The key aspect is the musicological analysis of the musical collections of Kuban Cossack folk songs from the point of view of the continuously developing, multifaceted changing performing skills of the soloist and choir. The author takes into account the introduced model of performing Cossack songs since the resettlement of the Black Sea Cossacks, who brought the baggage of multi-genre sources and eventually introduced the Kuban folk singing art. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the author's analytical systematization of authentic song compositions recorded by folklorists, in the analysis of multi-genre Kuban Cossack sources (selectively) for further active performance on stage. The specific directions of performance according to characteristic song genres are determined: historical, military, everyday, marching, lyrical, wedding, ceremonial, round dance, comic. The reproduced orientation of the nature of the continuous preservation of folklore sources in the revised performance interpretation of Cossack vocal works gives rise to significant broadcasting opportunities today.

The Integration of the Nature of Science and Religion to Increase Students’ Religious Beliefs in Acquiring Scientific Knowledge at the Elementary School

Various efforts have been made to increase students' understanding and scientific skills in science learning; however, religion is often ignored. This study seeks to integrate science and religion concepts in increasing students' religious beliefs to acquire scientific knowledge. This study used mixed methods research. The samples, consisting of 100 students and four teachers from four elementary schools in Aceh province, were chosen randomly. Data were collected from student questionnaires, teacher interviews, and observation of learning implementation. The research results found that there has been no integration of the concepts of science and religion by linking NOS (Nature of Science) aspects and religious beliefs in acquiring scientific knowledge in science learning in elementary schools. The integration carried out previously was by integrating the verses of the Qur'an into scientific concepts. The implementation of integrating the concepts of science and religion increased religious beliefs in acquiring scientific knowledge among elementary school students. Most students strongly agree with religious beliefs in acquiring knowledge. Students strongly agree that science is a way to get closer to God. In learning science, teachers should integrate NOS and religious beliefs in acquiring scientific knowledge through impressions of feelings, reasoning, and intuition toward God's creation. This research should contribute to the understanding of science and NOS concepts related to the topics of science and religion, how scientists work, social culture, moral values, and emotional and spiritual intelligence.

Competencia científica en la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales: reflexión desde la perspectiva del pensamiento complejo.

Abstract Society faces new challenges every day as a consequence of globalization and diverse transformations, where science and technology come together offering alternatives to solve problems of a scientific nature, counting on human resources trained to face life in a scientific way. The objective of this essay is to reflect theoretically on the redirection of teaching in the natural sciences from a linear, Cartesian perspective to a complex paradigmatic approach, whose theoretical support is based on complex thinking. To this end, education plays a relevant role, offering the necessary tools to face diverse situations of its environment. However, the theoretical arguments found in different bibliographic reviews, supported by authors, point out that the teaching of natural sciences is focused on the memorization of concepts, dismissing the importance of the management and application of scientific competences, promoting uncertainty and chaos as an indissoluble part of the natural processes and phenomena that are part of the social context of the students. According to the above, the teaching provided by the teacher represents the tip of the iceberg in this beautiful path that has as its ultimate goal: to enhance in students the acquisition of skills and abilities where the complexity, global, contextual and multidimensional, constitute the thread of the learning process.

ЗМІНИ АГРАРНОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ УКРАЇНИ З ЄВРОСОЮЗОМ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article examines current situation about foreign trade in agri-food products between Ukraine and the European Union. Special emphasis is placed on its key indicators after the beginning of free trade zone and full-scale war. Differences between the pre-war period and achievements during the war are highlighted. The unchanged product structure of food supplies from our country to the EU market is showed, with a noticeable increase in its total volumes and diversification of the geography of sales in favor for the states with which transport connections were optimal. As an addition, a general description of agricultural imports to Ukraine from the European Union, its main statistical and analytical characteristics is given. The chronology of the introduction protectionist measures by European countries to various food products of Ukrainian agriculture is given. The conditions and restrictions under which our agricultural exports in 2023 work, especially those introduced by Poland, Hungary and Slovakia, are considered. A comparison of the dynamics of its statistical indicators in different periods of 2023 is made to identify the direct consequences of the restrictions, additionally taking into account the termination of the use of the «grain corridor». At the same time, attention is drawn to the unrestricted flow of food imports from the European Union. Possible challenges and threats that will affect mutual sectoral trade between the parties in the short term is characterized, as well as options for the further development of cooperation. An assessment of the final value of Ukraine's food exports to the EU for 2023 is made, taking into account trends of the 4th quarter in the current year. Proposals and recommendations of a scientific nature are given to optimize bilateral sectoral relations at the current stage of cooperation.

Nature Of Science (NOS) Learning Module Development Oriented to Improve Students Scientific Literacy

This research is research and development (R&D). The object of research is the science learning module containing Nature of Science (NOS). This research is a Four-D model. This development model consists of four stages, namely the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research instrument used in the study was a validation sheet by 3 experts (language expert, material expert, media expert), and 1 teacher and student responses. The results of the validation test results by experts are linguists (87.36), material experts (86.99), and media experts (88.52%), and teacher expert validation (88.23%). The results of the small group trial with the pretest of 44.44% and the posttest reaching 77.8%, the results of the medium group trial with the percentage of scientific literacy of students at the pretest by 50% and at the posttest reaching 77.78% and the results of the large group trial with the percentage of scientific literacy of students at the pretest of 38.59% and at the posttest reaching 80.35%. Based on this percentage, the science learning module containing the nature of science (NOS) which is oriented to improving students' scientific literacy is effective to use. Student responses to the module with a percentage of 87.26%.

The non-epistemic dimension, at last a key component in mainstream theoretical approaches to teaching the nature of science

AbstractFor many years, hegemonic approaches to teaching the nature of science (NOS) have focused mainly on understanding some epistemic (i.e., rational, or cognitive) aspects involved in the construction of science. So, aspects of a non-epistemic (i.e., non-rational, contextual, or extra-scientific) nature have been practically neglected in these predominant proposals for teaching NOS. However, those of us who advocate a more holistic NOS teaching, with a balanced integration of both epistemic and non-epistemic aspects of NOS, have reason to celebrate. The development of the family resemblance approach (FRA) to NOS, initially proposed by Irzik and Nola (2011, 2014), and then suitably adapted by Erduran and Dagher (2014) for science education, has cemented such a purpose in the current literature on NOS teaching research. But, like all scientific milestones, there are antecedents that, in some way, have also contributed to building the path that has brought us to this point. Therefore, it is fair to acknowledge them. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a critical discussion of all of this and to make an explicit acknowledgement of some of these antecedents, such as the framework of the science-technology-society (STS) tradition, among others, without undermining the important role of the FRA in achieving the current predominant vision of holistic NOS teaching.