Geographic Science Research Articles

From Temporary Migrants to National Inclusion?

This article explores ways in which textbook content can reflect national identity over time via a case study of Swedish textbooks. To this end, it analyzes and contextualizes descriptions of Finnish labor migrants in Sweden in seventy-four compulsory school textbooks. The Finnish labor group emigrated from Finland to Sweden mainly from the 1950s to the 1980s. Initially, the Swedish authorities saw them as temporary laborers, but as time went by, the authorities had to realize that they had become permanent residents. In 2000, Finns were defined as an official national minority, “Sweden-Finns,” and their status changed. This article examines representations of Finnish labor migrants in Swedish history, geography and social science textbooks published between 1954 and 2016, tracing their journey from temporary laborers to a permanent national minority.

К 75-ЛЕТИЮ ПРОФЕССОРА Р.Д. КОСЬЯНА

On May 20, 2021, the head of the Laboratory of Lithodynamics and Geology of the Southern Department of the Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, prominent scientist and public figure Kosyan Ruben Derenikovich is 75 years old. R.D. Kosyan is a leading Russian expert in the field of studying the regularities of hydrogenic movements of detrital material in the coastal zone of the sea. He is a participant of many expeditions and thematic conferences, an expert on some major international projects, and lectures in various countries of the world. Under his leadership, a group of models was developed to calculate the long-shore sediment discharge, as well as the associated deformation of the relief in the coastal zone of the sea. R.D. Kosyan was awarded the Order of Courage, as well as the International Medal of the Black Sea Commission for merits in the study of the Black Sea. Congratulations to the wonderful scientist-oceanologist on the solemn date.

ПАМЯТИ ВИТАЛИЯ БОРИСОВИЧА ТИТОВА (02.01.1930 – 07.02.2021 ГГ.)

On February 7, 2021, one of the oldest employees of the Southern Branch of the Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SE IO RAS), a leading researcher at the Laboratory of Hydrophysics and Modeling, Candidate of Geographical Sciences Titov Vitaly Borisovich, passed away at the age of 92. He was an interesting man and a well-known hydrophysicist who devoted himself to experimental studies of sea currents, the study of the spatial and temporal variability of hydrophysical fields, and the development of methods for measuring currents in the ocean.

The main phases of Oleksandr Zupan's development as a geographer and teacher

The main phasess of life history and formation of scientific work of Professor Oleksandr Zupan, a famous Austrian geographer, climatologist, teacher, editor of the famous geographical journal "Petermanns Mitteilungen" are described. It is shown the contribution to the development of geographical science, Austrian and German school geography whithin the analysis of O. Zupan’s career.Most of his life Oleksandr Zupan lived in Germany, namely in Gotha. His stay in Slovenia in Ljubljana was very long as well. He studied and worked as a teacher in Ljubljana. In general, we suggest to identify five periods: the first - 1847 - 1869, the second - 1869 - 1877, the third - 1878 - 1884, the fourth - 1885-1907 years, and the fifth - 1908 - 1920 years.

Geography and covid-19: reflections from the evolution of the pandemic in Uberlândia, Brazil

From the complex sanitary moment faced by Brazil, related to COVID-19, in particular due to the collapse of the health system that has occurred in medium-sized cities, this article aimed to analyze the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uberlândia, according to reflections from geographic science, in order to help to understand the facts that led to the current scenario of the disease in the city. To achieve the objective, we carried out a theoretical discussion about how Geography faces recent events, especially in relation to the role of the Globalization process, both in the dissemination of information about the emergence of COVID-19 and other events, as well as in the rapid spread of the virus around the world. Based on these reflections, we analyzed the evolution of the pandemic, using data provided by the Municipality of Uberlândia and the Ministry of Health, with a cut-off date of March 18, 2021, in order to understand the chronological path of the facts. The choice for this cut-off date for data clipping is justified by our intention to analyze the first year of virus identification in the municipality. The results showed the negative evolution of the pandemic in the city, mainly over the months of February and March 2021, with 100% of the ICU beds occupied, which demonstrates the complexity and the long way to go to overcome this health crisis.

Geography in the context of the New Ukrainian school

The purpose of the article is to study the Geography of the educational field «Natural Science» in the New Ukrainian school. Main material. The new Ukrainian school is a supernova phenomenon in the Ukrainian scientific world, which began its «life» in 2017. It is based on nine components and ten key competencies. According to the current State standard of basic and complete general secondary education, «Geography» is a component of the educational fi eld «Natural Science». Its purpose is to form in pupil’s natural science competence as basic and relevant subject competencies, a mandatory component of the general culture of the individual and development of his creative potential. Geography, in the vision of the New Ukrainian School, is knowledge of the natural fi eld of education. Its purpose is to form the personality of a pupil who knows and understands the basic laws of animate and inanimate nature, has certain skills of its research, shows curiosity, realizes the integrity of natural-scientific picture of the world. The pupil is able to assess the impact of natural sciences, machinery and technology on the sustainable development of society and possible consequences of human activities in nature, responsibly interacts with the natural environment. The geographical component involves formation of basic knowledge on the following issues: geography as a science; the role of geographical education in human life; Land on a map; geographic information systems. Moreover, there are other components as well: Earth as a geosystem, levels of geosystems; geographical consequences of parameters and movements of the Earth; geo-graphical shell; anthroposphere; relationship of processes in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, natural complexes; resource potential of the Earth’s crust, modern aspects of its use; global problems of humanity. Conclusions and further research. A comparison of the geographical component content of the educational fi eld «Natural Science» in accordance with the current State Standard of Basic and Complete General Secondary Education (2011) and the State Standard of Basic Secondary Education adopted in 2020 shows that the new document contains a much narrower content of modern geographical science. In particular, the geographical component does not provide for the formation of pupils’ basic knowledge on important issues of regional physical and social geography. Further research aims to build and justify the optimal model of the pupils’ geographical competence of a modern institution of general secondary education.

Preface

Full Conference Title: VIII All-Russian scientific-practical conference with international participation “Modern problems of reservoirs and their catchments” Date of the Event: 27th-30th May, 2021Location: Perm, Russia.The VIII international conference “Modern problems of reservoirs and their catchments” was dedicated to the memory of Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor Yuriy M. Matarzin.The conference has been organized by the Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Protection once every two years at the Perm State University since 2005.The conference was held in the following sections:1. Hydro- and geodynamic processes.2. Water resources management.3. Water quality. Geoecology.4. Hydrobiology and ichthyology.The conference was held 27th-30th May, 2021 and was attended by 213 participants from Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 107 participants made a report. The actual number of foreign participants is 14. The aim of the conference is to discuss the methodological and conceptual aspects of the reservoirs study and their catchment areas, problems of water resources and their rational use. During the work of sections, plenary sessions and informal communication, participants established new scientific contacts for further, including interdisciplinary research and international relation.List of Program Committee, Organising Committee, Scientific Committee are available in this pdf

Thoughts on Teaching Reform of Agricultural Plant Pathology —— Taking Yili Normal University as an Example

Taking the theoretical teaching, experimental teaching and practice of agricultural plant pathology of plant protection specialty in college of biology and geographical sciences of Yili Normal University as an example, this paper discusses how to carry out teaching and experimental practice in combination with the characteristics of agricultural production in Yili Valley, and the thinking of the problems in each teaching practice link.

Effects of Urbanization on Ecosystem Services in the Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration, in China: The Case of Weifang City

Ecosystem services are the material basis of economic and social development, and play essential roles in the sustainable development of ecosystems. Urbanization can remarkably alter the provision of ecosystem services. Most studies in this area have focused on densely populated metropolises with poor ecological environments, while comparatively few studies have focused on cities with low ecological pressures. Therefore, to avoid continuing to engage in the repetitive pattern of destroying first and rehabilitating later, quantitative analyses of urbanization and ecosystem services should be carried out in representative cities. In this study, based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis, kernel density estimation, and correlation analysis, we quantitatively evaluated the impact of urbanization on ecosystem services in Weifang city. The Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research provided remote sensing data on land use, the gross domestic production (GDP), population data, and ecosystem services. The results were as follows: (1) The variation in population, GDP, and built-up areas consistently increased throughout the study period, whereas the ecosystem service values (ESVs) decreased; (2) food production, raw material production, nutrient cycle maintenance, and soil conservation were decisive ecosystem services that led to vast reductions in ESVs during the process of urbanization; and (3) the negative correlation coefficient between built-up areas and ecosystem services was greater than that between the population or GDP and ecosystem services, which indicated that the impacts of population and economic urbanization on ecosystem services lagged behind the impact of land urbanization. This study provides references for fully recognizing the ecological effects of urbanization, and make suggestions regarding the application of ecosystem services in sustainable development.

Evolution of Urban Patterns: Urban Morphology as an Open Reproducible Data Science

The recent growth of geographic data science (GDS) fuelled by increasingly available open data and open source tools has influenced urban sciences across a multitude of fields. Yet there is limited application in urban morphology—a science of urban form. Although quantitative approaches to morphological research are finding momentum, existing tools for such analyses have limited scope and are predominantly implemented as plug‐ins for standalone geographic information system software. This inherently restricts transparency and reproducibility of research. Simultaneously, the Python ecosystem for GDS is maturing to the point of fully supporting highly specialized morphological analysis. In this paper, we use the open source Python ecosystem in a workflow to illustrate its capabilities in a case study assessing the evolution of urban patterns over six historical periods on a sample of 42 locations. Results show a trajectory of change in the scale and structure of urban form from pre‐industrial development to contemporary neighborhoods, with a peak of highest deviation during the post‐World War II era of modernism, confirming previous findings. The wholly reproducible method is encapsulated in computational notebooks, illustrating how modern GDS can be applied to urban morphology research to promote open, collaborative, and transparent science, independent of proprietary or otherwise limited software.

Spatially–encouraged spectral clustering: a technique for blending map typologies and regionalization

ABSTRACT Clustering is a central concern in geographic data science and reflects a large, active domain of research. In spatial clustering, it is often challenging to balance two kinds of ‘goodness of fit:’ clusters should have ‘feature’ homogeneity, in that they aim to represent one ‘type’ of observation, and also ‘geographic’ coherence, in that they aim to represent some detected geographical ‘place’. This divides ‘map typologization’ studies, common in geodemographics, from ‘regionalization’ studies, common in spatial optimization and statistics. Recent attempts to simultaneously typologize and regionalize data into clusters with both feature homogeneity and geographic coherence have faced conceptual and computational challenges. Fortunately, new work on spectral clustering can address both regionalization and typologization tasks within the same framework. This research develops a novel kernel combination method for use within spectral clustering that allows analysts to blend smoothly between feature homogeneity and geographic coherence. I explore the formal properties of two kernel combination methods and recommend multiplicative kernel combination with spectral clustering. Altogether, spatially encouraged spectral clustering is shown as a novel kernel combination clustering method that can address both regionalization and typologization tasks in order to reveal the geographies latent in spatially structured data.

GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH OF ECOLOGICALLY DEPENDENT DISEASE IN THE TERRITORIES OF OLD AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (CHERKASY REGION)

The dependence of morbidity on the environment has always been part of the subject area of geographical science. But recently, especially against the backdrop of the corona virus pandemic, this problem is gradually moving into the interests of Earth sciences, as it clearly marks the "relationship and interaction of terrestrial geospheres." The problem of the spread of ecologically dependent diseases of the population has long been in the interests of not only scientists and medical workers, but also geographers. The latter focused on establishing links between the quality of the natural environment of human life and the types of morbidity. V.O. Shevchenko, V.M. Gutsulyak, O. Y. Romaniv, I.M. Dudnyk, M. Petrovska, K.P. Mukha, N.I. Mezentseva, К.В. Mezentseva, T. Shovkun, D. Shiyan and others dealt with these issues.
 In geographical science, traditionally more attention has been paid to the study of morbidity in either industrialized or urban regions. The development of ecologically dependent pathology in rural areas is no less urgent, both due to the long history of agricultural development of Ukraine and due to the significant intensification (using pathogenic agrochemicals) of agriculture in market conditions. At the same time, economic development of soils in the study area, as a result of long-term agricultural activity, in fact, was aimed at their destruction. The last 70-80 years have been carried out by deep plowing, application of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. In Cherkasy region in all areas there is an excess, compared to the natural background, the content of certain chemicals in the natural environment, which are manifested through the content of heavy metals in soils, natural waters, bottom sediments of reservoirs.
 Against the background of more widespread data on the state of health of the population in industrialized regions, the situation with environmentally caused diseases in rural areas is insufficiently studied. Given the intensification of agricultural technologies in recent years, the risk of environmentally dependent disease in the regions of old agricultural development is becoming quite significant.
 Among the areas of development of such technologies are the use of heavy tillage equipment, which leads to the development of planar soil erosion (deflation), which in turn causes dusting of the air. However, the natural biodiversity of agroecosystems is significantly depleted, making them less resistant to external influences and, consequently, increasing the risks of adverse natural and anthropogenic factors affecting human health.
 To a large extent, the degree of disturbance of natural ecosystems by certain branches of agriculture depends on its specialization, which with different levels of intensity affects the environment, which provokes an overall increase in the incidence of respiratory diseases in Cherkasy region with negative dynamics.
 The main task of the article was to analyze the theoretical features of the study of medical and geographical problems and morbidity in geography, including coverage of the health of the rural population of Cherkasy region and the relationship of respiratory diseases with the development of intensive technologies in agriculture. deterioration of the ecological state of the environment.
 And the aim of the article is to identify the main spatial trends in the spread of environmentally dependent diseases (including respiratory diseases) in the regions of old agricultural development (on the example of Cherkasy region).
 Mapping the main indicators of morbidity and further comparing them with different levels of intensity of agriculture will establish a general relationship between the deterioration of the incidence of respiratory diseases and the state of agricultural landscapes affected by long-term agricultural activities.
 Establishing closer links between the occurrence of respiratory diseases and the state of the environment of Cherkasy region requires the use of special research methods (monitoring and medical-statistical direction).
 Key words: morbidity, ecological, specialization, agriculture, spatial, Cherkasy region.

“Polarized Landscape”: Half a Century Later

—The article is devoted to the polarized landscape concept (also known as the polarized biosphere concept), developed by the author in 1970. The socioeconomic conditions for implementation of the conceptual project are considered, as well as changes in these factors and corresponding fundamental concepts over the past half century. It is demonstrated how the ideal model of the territorial structure of the cultural landscape is related to the lifestyle of its creator; how his ideas about work and leisure formed the pattern of a regular network of cities surrounded by buffer functional zones with decreasing population density from the center to the periphery, occupied by natural parks and reserves. The big city and wildlife are considered the equivalent poles of the biosphere. The author traces how Russia’s transport infrastructure has changed and how modern transport policy, at least in Moscow and Moscow Oblast, contradicts the ideas of a polarized biosphere. At the same time, the growth of territorial contrasts of socioeconomic development leads to growth of the so-called inner periphery, where the processes of restoration of natural landscapes proceed spontaneously as the anthropogenic load decreases. Some polarization of the landscape favorable for the biosphere, occurs by itself, and this process should not be hindered. The author traces the relationship of his concept with classical works on theoretical geography, in particular, with The Isolated State by I. von Thünen; he talks about the history of penetration of the polarized biosphere into the national geographical science, and outlines paths for further development of this project.

ON THE ISSUE OF CREATING TOURIST CLUSTERS IN KHMELNYTSKYI REGION

Important issues in the development of regional tourism are the provision of tourist services, formation of the market of services and infrastructure improvement. The creation of clusters in the tourism sector remains relevant. From the standpoint of geographical science, the formation of tourist clusters is quite studied. The tourist potential of Khmelnytskyi region first of all includes the objects of nature reserve and historical-cultural funds available in the regional territory, which have not been involved in tourist activity yet. They are the basis for the formation of new tourist attractions, which can be used for the development of rural tourism, job creation, finding sources of income for newly formed territorial communities in order to obtain a positive effect from their formation. It is established that the synergetic effect promotes the creation of clusters with similar specialization. Determining the prospects of the tourist cluster of Khmelnytskyi region, special attention should be paid to such a form of tourism as rural (green) tourism. Extensive implementation of green tourism in the practice of newly formed united territorial communities in the region will provide additional resources to enhance their socio-economic development. Especially relevant tourist and recreational activities are in the buffer zones of national nature parks and landscape Regional Park, which are located in the Khmelnytskyi region. It is described that the material and technical base of tourism consists of: temporary accommodation facilities; specialized transport companies; tourist and excursion institutions and their subdivisions; information and advertising services; enterprises for the production and sale of tourist goods.
 Social infrastructure is also important for the organization of high-quality recreation for tourists: the availability of housing and communal services, cultural and household services, health care, and trade. From the standpoint of traditional economic and geographical complex formation, all factors of tourist complexes are divided into two major groups: socio-economic (labor, transport, trade and catering, souvenirs, city tourist development) and natural (geographical location, nature surface area, air temperature) etc. Many scholars, as the main social factors in the development of the tourist complex distinguish: socio-cultural: cultural-historical (architectural-historical) resources, settlement, administrative-territorial division; production and economic: labor resources, the structure of the city's economy, sources of environmental pollution, transport, land resources.
 Analysis of the location of these factors from the standpoint of social geography will justify measures aimed at enhancing the development of tourism in the regional tourism complex. Mass tourism is possible only if the needs of travelers in food and accommodation are met. Relevant facilities should have a range of hygiene and waste disposal facilities for tourists. Therefore, it is important, especially in rural areas, to provide in the plans of socio-economic development and general schemes of rural development places for temporary stay of tourists, appropriate infrastructure facilities, to reserve land for their arrangement. The analysis of the possibilities of Khmelnytskyi region in the tourist market of Ukraine showed that it occupies the middle places. This is due to the transit transport and geographical location. Within this region there is a clear polarization of tourism development, which determines the spatial features of the regional tourist complex development.
 Key words: tourist cluster, Khmelnytskyi region, green tourism, socio-economic development of the region.

SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF HUMAN-GEOGRAPHICAL TERMINOLOGY CREATION

The importance of human-geographical terminology-knowledge as area of theory of geographical science is emphasized in this artikle. Human-geographical terminology-knowledge highlights the terms, terminology, systems of terms, the approaches of their creation and functioning. As the main issues of human-geographical terminology research are determined: lexicography, unification of terms, standardization of terms, the creation of categories and databases, translation of terms, editing of terms, and organizational. The place of human-geographical terminology- knowledge in the system of scientific knowledge on the logical cross-section of general terminology, theory of geographical science and history of geographic science is revealed.
 It is established that the importance of human-geographical terminological research is determined by many factors. The most important among them is the dynamic development of theoretical and methodological thoughts in human geography, which leads to the emergence of new concepts and terms. In particularly there is a significant increase of sociologization, environmentalization of terminology; intensive development of political and geographical, geopolitical terminology; active involvement of the terminology of the post-industrial, informational society; an interdisciplinary terminology on global and regional development issues is occured; created terminology based on the usage of geoinformation method of research.
 To systematize human-geographical terminology, a scientific algorithm for the conceptual-terminological systems is proposed through disclosure of the essence of human-geographical objects, relations, processes, structures. Interpretation of the essence of human-geographical objects, and, appropriate, relations, processes, structures, is determined by specific philosophical systems of cognition of reality. Accordingly, the objective reality is highlighted, including real and virtual, as subjectivized reality, including the conceptual and complementary reality.
 The importance of the distinguishing of terminological features of human-geographical concepts such as geotouriality, systematic, integrity, concreteness, the ability to map, and using GIS models are established by this research.
 The next main methodological principles of the terminological analysis are defined: logical and linguistic consistency (noncontradiction) of general and specific scientific terminology, verification of terms, falsification of terms, multi-vector, distinguishing of the objective meaning of the term despite of its ideological and subjective layers; harmonization of national terminology and borrowing, especially the international terms.
 Socio-geographical terminology is an important scientific field of geography theory. The relevance of the study of its formation and development is due to the dynamism of theoretical and methodological thought of social geography. Systematization of socio-geographical terms should take place according to the algorithm: objects - relations - processes. Interpretation of the essence of socio-geographical objects - the main cores of socio-geographical termination - requires consideration of the peculiarities of individual philosophical systems of comprehension of reality. Normalization of socio-geographical vocabulary will be facilitated by the establishment of terms of the main scientific categories. In socio-geographical termination it is necessary to adhere to the following main methodological principles: logical and linguistic consistency (consistency) of general scientific and specifically scientific terminology; verification of terms; falsification of terms; validity of terms; multivectority; separation of the objective meaning of the term from its ideological and subjective layers; harmonization of specific Ukrainian terminology and borrowings.
 Keywords: human-geographical terminology, human-geographical terminology-knowledge, terminology human-geographical objects, human-geographical relations, human-geographical processes, objective reality, subjective reality.

APPLICATION AND PLATFORM DESIGN OF GEOSPATIAL BIG DATA

Abstract. With the wide application of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things in geographic information technology and industry, geospatial big data arises at the historic moment. In addition to the traditional "5V" characteristics of big data, which are Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity and Valuable, geospatial big data also has the characteristics of "Location Attribute". At present, the study of geospatial big data are mainly concentrated in: knowledge mining and discovery of geospatial data, Spatiotemporal big data mining, the impact of geospatial big data on visualization, social perception and smart city, geospatial big data services for government decision-making support four aspects. Based on the connotation and extension of geospatial big data, this paper comprehensively defines geospatial big data comprehensively. The application of geospatial big data in location visualization, industrial thematic geographic information comprehensive service and geographic data science and knowledge service is introduced in detail. Furthermore, the key technologies and design indicators of the National Geospatial Big Data Platform are elaborated from the perspectives of infrastructure, functional requirements and non-functional requirements, and the design and application of the National Geospatial Public Service Big Data Platform are illustrated. The challenges and opportunities of geospatial big data are discussed from the perspectives of open resource sharing, management decision support and data security. Finally, the development trend and direction of geospatial big data are summarized and prospected, so as to build a high-quality geospatial big data platform and play a greater role in social public application services and administrative management decision-making.

ИСТОРИЯ ОСВОЕНИЯ АРКТИКИ: КРАТКИЙ БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ОЧЕРК

The paper presents the activities of the Scientific Library of the Siberian Federal University on the development and implementation of the project “Creation of a Scientific and Educational Geographical Library in SFU”. This project was launched jointly with the Russian Geographical Society. The goal of the project is to form and provide users with high-quality information and educational resource on the profile and topics of the main directions of development of geographical sciences, popularization of geographical knowledge. The activity of the library in the field of formation of unified information scientific and educational space, in the context of the main directions, reflecting the development strategy of the SibFU is analysed. The study of the Arctic is one of the priority tasks of the university. The Arctic vector plays an important role in creating a new library model, in the context of the formation of information resources: the works of SibFU scientists related to the study of Siberia and the Arctic, and providing public access to the accumulated knowledge. The basis of this collection is a unique collection of documents by S. B. Slevich, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Ecological Academy. The paper discusses the activities for the implementation of the project. The library forms a collection of documents on topics - indigenous peoples, ecology of the Far North, industrial development of northern territories, construction on permafrost and digitizes rare publications. A geographic reading room has been opened to organize access to resources. Together with the Presidential Library. B.N. Yeltsin annually held a scientific and practical seminar “Arctic Day at the Siberian Federal University”. Ways of further work to promote the project have been identified.

An instrumental‐reflexive approach to assessing and building food system resilience

AbstractFor several decades resilience thinking has served as a major theoretical lens for social‐ecological research, with geographers playing important roles in both advancing the theory and offering meaningful critique. In recent years resilience thinking has also emerged as a promising tool for the assessment of food systems, yet there is significant disagreement among scholars as to the best way to apply resilience thinking to food systems. At the heart of these disagreements lie a set of conceptual tensions that have long existed in the resilience community regarding best practices for operationalizing resilience and the extent to which resilience thinking can (or should) engage with issues of social justice and power dynamics. Geographers, particularly those working in the fields of political ecology and critical physical geography, are well positioned to navigate these tensions and contribute to the growing scholarship on food system resilience through what I call an instrumental‐reflexive approach to resilience thinking. Drawing on scholarship on the role of environmental science in political ecology and critical physical geography, I develop an approach to resilience that deploys empirical assessments to provide instrumental knowledge of food systems, but also engages reflexively with empirical findings to consider how they interact with entrenched power relations across multiple scales—practices that have a long tradition in geographic scholarship. In so doing, I chart an approach to resilience that, provides significant utility for farmers and food system workers, and gives support (though not the ultimate justification) for dismantling unjust and exploitative structures in our current food systems.

Anonymization Techniques for Privacy Preservation in Social Networks: A Review

Any data that user creates or owns is known as the user's data (For example: Name, USN, Phone number, address, email Id). As the number of users in social networks are increasing day by day the data generated by the user's is also increasing. Network providers will publish the data to others for analysis with hope that mining will provide additional functionality to their users or produce useful results that they can share with others. The analysis of social networks is used in modern sociology, geography, economics and information science as well as in various fields. Publicizing the original data of social networks for analysis raises issues of confidentiality, the adversary can search for documented threats such as identity theft, digital harassment and personalized spam. The published data may contain some sensitive information of individuals which must not be disclosed for this reason social network data must be anonymized before it is published. To do the data in nominate the anonymization technique should be applied, to preserve the privacy of data in the social network in a manner that preserves the privacy of the user whose records are being published while maintaining the published dataset rich enough to allow for the exploration of data. In order to address the issue of privacy protection, we first describe the concept of k-anonymity and illustrate different approaches for its enforcement. We then discuss how the privacy requirements characterized by k-anonymity can be violated in data mining and introduce possible approaches to ensure the satisfaction of k-anonymity in data mining also several attacks on dataset are discussed.

Olena Stepaniv Contribution to the Development of Transport Geography and Geologistics in Ukraine

Peculiarities of life, military, the diplomatic activity of Doctor of Sciences in Geography, O. I. Stepaniv, as well as her scientific achievements as a Ukrainian geographer and geologist, are revealed. Olena Stepanov was the first woman in Ukraine and the world – a military officer in the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen (Ukrainski Sichovi Striltsi, USS) and the Ukrainian Galician Army (Ukrainska Halytska Armiia, UHA) during the First World War and the Ukrainian Liberation War of 1917–1921, a diplomatic official of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Ukrainian People’s Republic. Having a doctorate in geography and history, she made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian geographical science, including economic and social geography, as well as transport geography and modern understanding of geologistics. The last two areas of geographical science are most fully disclosed in her work “Modern Lviv”, which provides a comprehensive description of the transport infrastructure of Lviv and Lviv region and its importance in the transport system of Ukraine, in particular, emphasizes the central position of Lviv as a transport and logistics hub on the trans-European way connecting the Baltic and Black Seas; identified the main transport routes of Lviv region, important on a national scale; in addition to the main roads, regional and local ones were identified and characterized. The characteristics of transport routes were combined with the indication of the most significant industrial enterprises of Lviv region; tourist and recreational areas and centres which were located on the ways of transport routes were indicated, as well as the tourist specialization of these centres (in textbooks on the geography of transport of the Soviet era, it was not mentioned at all); such transport and logistics indicators as road congestion, traffic intensity on them were used, as well as their historical names were given and their significance in the past was revealed. O. I. Stepaniv’s scientific works remain relevant today. This applies not only to the problems of the geography of transport communication in modern Lviv but also to current issues of international logistics, in particular, Ukraine’s participation in the Baltic-Black Sea transport and logistics integration system. O.I. Stepaniv’s scientific works on transport geography are of direct importance to the most modern EU project in the field of transport and logistics – the Three Seas Initiative (TSI). The recent TSI Summit in Tallinn (October 19–20, 2020) highlighted the impact of the TSI on the entire Baltic-Adriatic Black Sea region. TSI is open to countries – strategic partners of the EU, including Ukraine. Although the latter is not a member of the EU, it was invited to the first TSI summit in 2016 andis currently an active participant in many projects under this Initiative, without having formal membership in the TSI. Ukraine should continue to cooperate with TSI, especially with Poland, in such important infrastructure projects as the Gdansk-Odesa highway, the railway Viking project, the development of gas infrastructure within the North-South corridor (involving Ukrainian underground storage facilities of “blue fuel”), etc.