Information Science Research Articles

Understanding Barriers to STEM: Teachers' Insights on African American Underrepresentation

This study focuses on the development of a measurement instrument to identify Middle and High School mathematics and science teachers’ beliefs about the main factors of underrepresentation of African American students in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. The research method using the stages of instrument development were (1) test design which involved construction of initial item pool by conducting extensive review of literature and coding of participating teachers personal statements (2) determination of validity which involved expert review process to confirm construct and face validity of items, (3) pilot testing which involved collecting data from a second set of participants, (4) determination of reliability which involves conducting a reliability analysis based on data collected from pilot testing and (5) determination of factorial structure which involved Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to identify underlying factors in participating teachers’ belief structures. First, to obtain trustworthy information, voluntary middle and high school mathematics and science teachers were asked to write personal statements where they explain their main reasons for choosing teaching as a career. Secondly, qualitative data obtained from participating teachers’ personal statements were coded. Coding was applied to identify and to group the phrases or sentences that convey the same or similar reasons. Then results from an extensive literature review on this topic were blended in teachers’ common expressions which were determined because of coding procedure. Then 8 content experts assessed content validity and face validity. Finally, the survey was piloted to African American middle and high school mathematics and science teachers. Fifty-three (53) surveys were completed and received back from teachers. Then, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify any underlying factors in the scale. Reliability analyses were also conducted for both the entire survey and for each of the factors. Results of the study suggested four underlying components: (1) Access and Resources, (2) Role Models and Representation, (3) Bias and Discrimination, (4) Curriculum and Pedagogy.

Tamgas and Petroglyphs in the Kayrakkol and Karakungey Mountains (based on research materials 2022–2023)

The article presents the results of field research in South-Eastern Kazakhstan in 2022–2023. The authors introduce into scientific discourse information about seven locations of rock carvings with tamgas. Fifteen signs and the petroglyphs that accompany them are being published. The drawings are found on open vertical and horizontal planes of large and small rocky outcrops, on the tops of the southern, southwestern and southeastern slopes of the Kairakkol and Karakungey mountains. The rock carvings were made using two main techniques: picketing and surface carving. Sectors with tamgas are part of large clusters of petroglyphs of different periods, but at the same time they are located separately from other drawings. In one case, a similar sector was discovered on rocky planes located at a distance from placers of rock carvings. Figurative images are represented mainly by geometric symbols and their combinations. Diacritics – dots, lines, arcs and curls. The majority are tamgas, which find indirect analogies in the signs of the nomads of the Northern Black Sea region, Ustyurt, Southern Kazakhstan, Southern Siberia and Mongolia at the turn of eras. Among the petroglyphs that accompany the signs, there are images of snake-like and dragon-like figures, silhouette and outline figures of animals, some of which are made in an openwork manner. A new series of tamgas, identified in Eastern Semirechye, shows broad ethnocultural connections, the originality of the region’s population in the Hunno-Sarmatian period and the migration routes of nomads along the Dzungarian Alatau mountain system.

Rapid Monitoring of Aquatic Organism Biodiversity Based on Environmental DNA in a Medium-Sized Reservoir

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a highly sensitive and efficient tool for the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we investigated fish and benthic species communities using eDNA techniques in a medium-sized reservoir (about 3 square kilometers) in Anhui, China. A total of 12 water samples and 11 sediment samples were analyzed by 12S and 18S primers, respectively. We analyzed the composition of species diversity and the effect of seven environmental factors using the Mantel test. A total of 42 fish taxa were present in the water samples, and 188 benthic taxa in the sediment samples. Species composition was different in disparate stations. We found that water temperature and salinity are pivotal factors influencing the composition of fish communities, while chlorophyll-a is a primary environmental determinant for benthic species assembly structures across different zones. Biodiversity information generated by eDNA techniques can be used to reflect the resource status of this reservoir. The relevant results will provide important scientific reference information for the development and exploitation of medium-sized reservoirs.

Design and Application of “STEM+” 6E Teaching Mode in Information Technology Teaching

The concept of “STEM+” integrates art, humanistic literacy, and social values in the traditional STEM education concept, advocates cross-disciplinary integration, and aims to cultivate compound talents equipped to tackle future challenges. In 2022, the Ministry of Education issued the “Compulsory Education Information Technology Curriculum (2022 Edition),” emphasizing the core literacy of information science and technology and the integration of interdisciplinary disciplines, and encouraging the teaching mode suitable for discipline characteristics. The 6E teaching mode is a student-centered teaching strategy characterized by active exploration and cross-disciplinary integration. This article innovatively designed the “STEM+” 6E teaching mode, which is applied to junior high school information technology teaching, which can better achieve core literacy teaching goals.

Effect of telenursing on self-efficacy among myocardial infarction patients: A systematic review

A systematic review was conducted to investigate the impact of telenursing on self-efficacy in patients who have experienced Myocardial infarction (MI). We systematically searched international electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, from their inception to September 1, 2023, using keywords derived from Medical Subject Headings such as "telenursing", "self-efficacy", and "myocardial infarction". Furthermore, we explored Iranian databases like Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database. The quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies was assessed using the critical assessment checklist from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A total of 220 MI patients were enrolled in four studies. Of the MI patients, 67.29% were male and 50.00% were in the intervention group. The mean age of participants was 57.25 (SD=7.34) years. Of the included studies, four were quasi-experimental studies, three studies were conducted in Iran, and one study was conducted in Egypt. The mean study follow-up was 6 weeks. Also, the mean duration of the intervention was 11.67 minutes. In all studies, interventions were effective in increasing MI patients' self-efficacy. In sum, the findings demonstrated that telenursing can be effectively utilized by nurses to enhance the self-efficacy of patients. We recommend that healthcare managers and policymakers establish a platform that not only incorporates telenursing via telephone calls but also integrates other methods, such as video calls. This approach should aim to balance the costs associated with different telenursing methods, ensuring accessibility for all individuals. Consequently, in addition to traditional telephone calls, alternative telenursing modalities can be employed to enhance self-efficacy.

ОПЫТ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫХ ЗАНЯТИЙ ПО МОДУЛЮ «ПРИРОДНЫЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ ЦЕННЫХ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ-АКТИВНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ» В РАМКАХ ПРОГРАММЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ШКОЛЫ ПОДГОТОВКИ БУДУЩИХ ВРАЧЕЙ «КУРС НА МЕД» НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОТКРЫТОГО УРОКА «ОПЫТ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СЫРЬЯ ПИЩЕВЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ В МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ И ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ»

Given the current trends in early profiling of school education, it is relevant to conduct innovative lessons that allow students to be interested and develop skills for independent search for scientific information, competently set the goal of the planned research, implement the tasks set, receive and interpret the results, as well as broaden their horizons through integrated knowledge of chemistry and biology, allowing them to apply these materials in solving complex problems. complex tasks, including the Olympiad level. The authors proposed an open lesson "Experience and prospects of using raw materials of food plants in medical and pharmaceutical practice", including the systematization of knowledge previously acquired by students in chemistry and biology lessons; the development of skills for practical use of knowledge about classes of chemicals, their reactivity, the possibility of identifying functional groups in complex structured substances of natural origin, the mechanisms of their action; application of the acquired knowledge and skills to assess the degree of reliability of chemical and biological information contained in scientific literature, as well as in Internet sources; familiarity in practice with the methods of conducting qualitative reactions to biologically active substances; training in predicting possible pharmacological effects of the studied object. These lessons are fully implemented by the school of training future doctors "Kurs na Med" within the framework of the summer biology workshop, the autumn chemistry workshop and at the lessons of the additional specialization circles "Young Chemist", "Young Biologist" and "Young Scientist"

Effects of reflexology on pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review

This systematic review was conducted to investigate the impact of reflexology on pain management in individuals diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. A comprehensive search was executed on international electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Iranian electronic library including Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database, covering the earliest available data up to January 25, 2024. The search employed keywords derived from Medical Subject Headings such as "reflexology", "pain", and "rheumatoid arthritis". The quality assessment of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) critical assessment checklist. A total of four studies, encompassing 206 participants, were included in the review. Notably, 70.97% of the enrolled patients were female, with 61.17% assigned to the intervention group. The mean age of participants was 50.06 (standard deviation [SD]=8.48) years. The average study duration and follow-up period were approximately 25 and 5 weeks, respectively, with an intervention duration averaging 40 minutes. In three studies interventions were effective in decreasing pain of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, in one study, the intervention was not effective in decreasing pain of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The findings indicated that health professionals, including nurses, can effectively employ reflexology as a means to alleviate pain in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Consequently, it is recommended that healthcare managers and policymakers create an enabling environment within hospitals, facilitating the integration of reflexology into patient care protocols. This strategic approach holds the potential for reducing the pain experienced by patients afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis.

Quantifying the Impact of Indian Virtual Reality Research: A Scientometric Study

The last pandemic covid-19 has brought up various technologies in the booming lane. Virtual reality technology plays a vital role in different fields. In this paper, virtual reality technology was analyzed, including the growth pattern in India from 2012 to 2021. The Web of Science platform is a subscription-paid database of multidisciplinary citations that originated from the Institute for Scientific Information, and it is currently obtained and maintained by Clarivate. Analytics have been used to analyze this study of virtual reality technology research. This study has been analyzed with a record of 540 for the period of 2012-2021 to explore trends in publishing, degree of collaboration, authors' partnership, keywords of Virtual Reality, analyzed journals by scientists, funding agencies and organization-wise publications.

Effectiveness of Transcranial-Direct Current Stimulation in Individuals with Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Context: Non-alcoholic substance abuse is a major public health concern worldwide, with methamphetamine being the second most widely used non-alcoholic substance globally, and Iran ranks fifth in methamphetamine addiction. To date, no approved pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment by the Food and Drug Administration has been introduced for methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). Therefore, various treatment methods are currently utilized. One non-pharmacological approach that has gained attention is transcranial-direct current stimulation (tDCS), with various clinical evaluations focused on it. Objectives: The aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of this method in improving symptoms in individuals with MUD. Methods: Databases were reviewed up to October 10, 2023, in both Persian and English languages, using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Noormags. Keywords were MUD, tDCS, Addiction, Craving, and Cognitive Function. Studies were included based on Population, Intervention, Comparison (sham or active control), Outcomes (craving or cognition), and Study Design (randomized controlled trial). Studies were excluded if they involved brain mapping or neuroimaging. Meta-analysis was conducted based on Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) to compare tDCS to sham intervention (P ≤ 0.05, two-tailed). Random effects models were used for individual MUD data from studies that reported end-of-treatment craving data. The risk of bias was calculated using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool (RoB-2), and meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. Results: A total of 870 studies were initially identified; twenty-three studies (mean age 30.13 ± 6.67) were identified that examined the effects of tDCS on MUD outcomes (e.g., craving, cognition). After removing heterogeneous studies, meta-analyses were performed for tDCS vs. sham control studies in the craving domain. We found that tDCS reduced craving, indicated by medium to large effect sizes (Hedges' g: -0.64; SMD -0.58, 95% CI -0.85 to -0.30; I² = 10.71%, Q value: 8.96). Results showed that complementary treatment with tDCS can be useful. The DLPFC (F3, F4) was the most commonly targeted brain region for stimulation or inhibition. However, the number of sessions and their duration varied significantly across studies. Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that tDCS can reduce momentary and cue-induced cravings. However, the studies varied in quality and sample size and used different scales for assessing cravings and cognitive functions, leading to inconsistencies. The review highlighted the importance of targeting the DLPFC due to its role in executive functions and self-control, with right-sided stimulation showing greater effectiveness. Emotional dysregulation in MUD, such as anxiety and depression, was also noted, with tDCS showing limited support for emotion regulation. The review identified the need for larger RCTs, standardized measurement tools, and detailed participant information to improve the understanding and effectiveness of tDCS in treating MUD.

Developing a Methodology for Forming Astronomical Knowledge in Secondary School Students

The article provides an overview of current issues related to the insufficient level of astronomical literacy of schoolchildren and provides test data conducted among first-year students of the University. The study also emphasizes international experience, including the US initiative to integrate astronomy into educational programs, highlighting the importance of this discipline in shaping a unified worldview of students. The article provides recommendations for changing the content of the astronomy course, taking into account the identified problems and modern educational needs. The methodological basis of the study includes the dialectical method of cognition and the system-integrated approach. Changes in the content of the astronomy course are justified and specific measures are proposed to improve the quality of astronomical education in schools. The results of the study are aimed at developing effective methods for the formation of astronomical knowledge in high school students and improving their general scientific literacy. This article discusses the methodology for developing skills of critical perception of scientific information in the process of teaching astronomy in secondary school. It is suggested that, without weakening the consistency of the course, some materials should be attributed to the variable component. During the research, the stages of critical perception are developed, which are performed based on astronomical knowledge. The basis for the practical implementation of the proposed methodology was the introduction of a system of didactic unity into the learning process. A model of the methodology for the formation of critical perception of schoolchildren in astronomy lessons has been developed. To prevent the formation of information nihilism in the process of teaching astronomy, it is proposed to introduce students to information resources that provide reliable information on astronomy and astrophysics. It is proved that it is necessary to cultivate an attitude by the information of astronomical content received outside of school. To this end, an introduction would be correct, since, firstly, it is necessary to inform about the essence of production and not only scientific, but also scientific knowledge, and secondly, to criticize several common misconceptions, as well as scientific teachings on the relevant topic from the side of science. It is recommended to use the results of the study in the process of teaching astronomy in secondary school.

Gilyarevsky Rujero Sergeevich – founder of the information science

Rujero Sergeevich Gilyarevsky is a prominent Russian scholar, Doctor of Science in Philology, Professor, one of the founders of information science, wellknown library scientist, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Chief Researcher, Head of Theoretical and Applied Problems Division of the All-Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Rujero Gilyarevsky is among the most remarkable, vivid, and versatile individuals in the information and library community. He is characterized by creativity, scope of expertise and high competence.

NARRATIVE REVIEW: INCIDENCE, CAUSES AND INTERVENTION STRATEGIES OF MEDICATION ERRORS TO IMPROVE CHEMOTHERAPY SERVICES IN HOSPITALS

Medication errors (MEs) are medication errors that have the potential to harm patients during treatment or care. Cancer care is a complex and interconnected system and many errors can be catastrophic. ME in antineoplastic drugs have the potential to cause permanent injury and even death. Evaluation measures of ME incidence in Indonesia are still not optimally carried out, thus leading to the need for a good understanding of the potential ME incidence, especially in cancer patient care. A good understanding of the incidence of medication errors will encourage preventive efforts against the potential occurrence of ME. This narrative review aims to provide information related to the incidence of ME in the Chemotherapy department at the hospital, the causative factors, and the handling and prevention efforts. Scientific information searches were conducted on the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for the period 2012-2022. The results showed that the incidence of ME mostly occurred in the prescription phase, namely in the form of dosage errors (45–59.3%), incomplete prescriptions (43–45.5%), drug frequency errors (30.4%), and errors in patient name, age, and diagnosis data (22.5%). Several aspects contributing to the occurrence of ME were identified, including work procedures, staff, organizational systems, and staff understanding of medication regimens. This study concluded that there is a need to regulate and evaluate several aspects, including work procedures, availability of auxiliary systems, and increasing the capacity of human resources involved. This may prevent the occurrence of ME.

Authorship Dynamics in Multidisciplinary Research: A Focus on Library and Information Science Professionals in RRIJM

This study looks into bibliometric studies in library and information science (LIS) to learn more about the influence of professional collaborations and multidisciplinary publication. It centers on user behaviour, digital libraries, and information management. The study uses bibliometric methodologies to examine authorship trends, geographic distribution, research paper length, and references. The results enhanced comprehension of the importance of library science in academic communities by emphasizing its function in handling intricate problems and promoting information sharing. Data from the Research Review International Journal of Multidisciplinary has been used in the study.

An examination of the history of Library and Information Science in India

An examination of the history of Library and Information Science in India

Место науки конституционного права в системе юридического знания: преодоление границ формальной науки

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the role of modern constitutional law in the system of sectoral legal sciences. The author notes that jurisprudence in general is a formal science, the subject of which are formal systems, which, mainly, it postulates itself - specific branches of law. Until a certain period (the formation of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the adoption of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation) state law could also be considered as a sectoral science, the subject of which was mostly the system of state power organisation. However, unlike mathematics (which is also a formal science), jurisprudence possesses regulatory potential and relates to the impact on human behavior. In this way it cannot be encapsulated exclusively in the system of legal constructions outside the «life world». Research methods. A set of methods was used in the work: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, dialectical approach, method of comparative jurisprudence. Results. The author proves that the special role of constitutional law in the modern stage of development is that, on the one hand, through processes of constitutionalisation of other branches of law constitutional law claims to be a general system. In a certain sense, the science of constitutional law is gradually taking the place of theory of law in legal epistemology.

A Bibliometric Overview of Researcher Mobility Research

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze and depict the patterns of researcher mobility policy in countries worldwide based on articles from the Web of Science. In the initial search, 1620 articles were found, which were then screened based on titles and abstracts, resulting in 215 articles. The analysis was conducted using VOSviewer application and encompassed analysis by country, source, organization, author, document, and keyword. The research findings indicate that authors from England were the most prolific in producing articles on researcher mobility. The journal Scientometrics published the highest number of articles on researcher mobility. Leiden University in the Netherlands had the most affiliations with authors in this study. Rodrigo Costas emerged as the most productive author with the strongest collaborative connections to other authors. Research on researcher mobility was closely associated with keywords such as migration, knowledge, international mobility, science, productivity, impact, performance, networks, brain drain, and career. Research on researcher mobility was predominantly published in journals categorized under Information and Library Sciences, Education, Management, and Computer Science.

Infopreneurship and Technopreneurship Readiness for Job Creation Among Nigerian Library and Information Science Graduates

Infopreneurship and Technopreneurship Readiness for Job Creation Among Nigerian Library and Information Science Graduates

Luminescent Organic Triplet Diradicals as Optically Addressable Molecular Qubits.

Optical-spin interfaces that enable the photoinitialization, coherent microwave manipulation, and optical read-out of ground state spins have been studied extensively in solid-state defects such as diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers and are promising for quantum information science applications. Molecular quantum bits (qubits) offer many advantages over solid-state spin centers through synthetic control of their optical and spin properties and their scalability into well-defined multiqubit arrays. In this work, we report an optical-spin interface in an organic molecular qubit consisting of two luminescent tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radicals connected via the meta-positions of a phenyl linker. The triplet ground state of this system can be photoinitialized in its |T0⟩ state by shelving triplet populations as singlets through spin-selective excited-state intersystem crossing with 80% selectivity from |T+⟩ and |T-⟩. The fluorescence intensity in the triplet manifold is determined by the ground-state polarization, and we show successful optical read-out of the ground-state spin following microwave manipulations by fluorescence-detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At 85 K, the lifetime of the polarized ground state is 45 ± 3 μs, and the ground state phase memory time is Tm = 5.9 ± 0.1 μs, which increases to 26.8 ± 1.6 μs at 5 K. These results show that luminescent diradicals with triplet ground states can serve as optically addressable molecular qubits with long spin coherence times, which marks an important step toward the rational design of spin-optical interfaces in organic materials.

Abstracting It All: The Soviet Institute of Scientific Information (VINITI) and the Promise of Centralisation, 1952–1977

AbstractIn the aftermath of the Second World War, effective handling of scientific information was identified as crucial for advancement and international competitiveness. Here, we study how the Soviet Union, through the founding of The All-Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI), developed its own grandiose system which served researchers and engineers throughout the USSR. By studying its inception, the way it was structured, and how it relates to similar grand visions of how to organise knowledge, we provide rare insights into a partly alternative history of how scientific information was organised in the latter half of the 20th century. Based on available sources in English and Russian, we consider the ideas behind this grand initiative for acquiring international literature, as well as how it was received and presented to a foreign audience. In this effort, we put particular emphasis on the first 25 years of VINITI (1952–1977) while at the same time focusing on central ideas in its organisation such as “enrichment”, “abstracting” and “pre-printing”. A key principle emerging from our analysis is how the notion of concentration becomes a fundamental principle for its operations. Overall, the activities of VINITI can today appear as both old-fashioned, bordering on the utopian, and as visionary and modern in its abandonment of journals and traditional forms of peer review.

Demonstration of Maxwell demon-assisted Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering via superconducting quantum processor

The concept of Maxwell demon plays an essential role in connecting thermodynamics and information theory, while entanglement and nonlocality are fundamental features of quantum theory. Given the rapid advancements in the field of quantum information science, there is a growing interest and significance in investigating the connection between Maxwell demon and quantum correlation. The majority of research endeavors thus far have been directed toward the extraction of work from quantum correlation through the utilization of Maxwell demon. Recently, a novel concept called Maxwell demon-assisted Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering has been proposed, which suggests that it is possible to simulate quantum correlation by doing work. This seemingly counterintuitive conclusion is attributed to the fact that Alice and Bob need classical communication during EPR steering task, a requirement that does not apply in the Bell test. In this study, we demonstrate Maxwell demon-assisted EPR steering with superconducting quantum circuits. By compiling and optimizing a quantum circuit to be implemented on a 2D superconducting chip, we were able to achieve a steering parameter of S2=0.770±0.005 in the case of two measurement settings, which surpasses the classical bound of 1/2 by 12.6 standard deviations. In addition, experimental observations have revealed a linear correlation between the nonlocality demonstrated in EPR steering and the work done by the demon. Considering the errors in practical operation, the experimental results are highly consistent with theoretical predictions. Our findings not only suggest the presence of a Maxwell demon loophole in the EPR steering, but also contribute to a deeper comprehension of the interplay between quantum correlation, information theory, and thermodynamics. Published by the American Physical Society 2024