Science In Finland Research Articles

Towards a sustainable and responsible model for monitoring open science and research—analysis of the Finnish model for monitoring open science and research

Abstract Advancing and supporting the development of open science practices is of global interest, and subsequently also the monitoring of the ongoing developments is more and more on the agenda. In Finland, monitoring open science has a relatively long history, and the first evaluation of research performing and research funding organisations took place already in 2015. The system has evolved over the years, and in 2019 the responsibility for monitoring was transferred from the Ministry of Education and Culture to the research community. This article looks at the latest monitoring, conducted in Spring 2022 from the point of view of its compliance with the principles of responsible research assessment. To structure the analysis we have used the SCOPE framework designed to enable planning and conducting evaluations responsibly. As a conclusion we find there are four main challenges in the current model for monitoring open science in Finland: 1) the model leaves very little room for internal discussion or decision-making within organisations, 2) the model focuses too much on organizational developments and largely ignores national and international developments, 3) the model essentially reduces very complex issues into numbers, and 4) the organisations are monitored against a set of objectives without giving them enough time to realize expected reforms.

History of Tribology in Finland 1881 – 2023 and the Finnish Society for Tribology 1977 - 2023

The field of Tribology defined as the “science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion, that is friction, lubrication and wear” was introduced to the scientific community in a UK governmental report 1966. UK experts and scientists introduced this new approach to solve industrial problems in engineering design, material technology and lubricant chemistry to Finnish colleagues in the late 1970s. The foundation of the Finnish Society for Tribology 1977 boosted academic and technological activities in the area. Tribology as a topic was introduced in the Finnish universities. Investments were made in collaborative research activities with universities, research centers and industry involved. The international collaboration expanded and the Finnish tribologists initiated and started the 1st NORDTRIB regional tribology conference series in Tampere 1984 and hosted the worldwide 5th EUROTRIB International Tribology Congress in Helsinki 1989. The Finnish Journal of Tribology was established 1982. Large joint research activities were generated especially with the Nordic and European countries, Soviet Union and China. Internationally recognized top research groups were initiated and flourished in Tampere and Helsinki on the topics of abrasive, slurry-erosion and fretting wear; engineering ceramics; thin coating tribology; biotribology; computational modelling in tribology; and calculations on global economic and environmental impact of tribology. This article is modified from the report which the Finnish Society for Tribology contributed to the project “History of Science in Finland” by The Federation of the Finnish Learned Societies (Tieteellisten Seurain Valtuuskunta, TSV).

Air-Stable Dy(III)-Macrocycle Enantiomers: From Chiral to Polar Space Group

Air-Stable Dy(III)-Macrocycle Enantiomers: From Chiral to Polar Space Group

Constructing child welfare science in the early development of child welfare in Finland

ABSTRACTThis paper delineates the intellectual history of endeavours to generate a unified science of child welfare in Finland in the early twentieth century by elucidating the efforts of leading Finnish protagonists to depict the concept of child welfare science. The idea of such a new science was not unique to Finland; similar trends emerged extensively throughout the industrialising world, in which child welfare was being increasingly championed. The fundamental reasons given for developing a child welfare science in Finland were linked with ambitions to develop child welfare as a consistent system in modern society. The aspiration to develop a scientific basis for child welfare was not only about adapting relevant research-based knowledge to practice, but also about creating historical and theoretical self-understanding in the field. The intention was to construct a comprehensive conceptual framework for the child welfare needed in policymaking, legislation, and systems building, as well as in the development of professional practices. Although focusing on Finland, the review is of more general significance.

A Brief History of Electricity, Magnetism, and Radio Science in Finland

A Brief History of Electricity, Magnetism, and Radio Science in Finland

Integrating entrepreneurial working life skills with foreign language teaching – two cases from the University of Oulu

Abstract This activity report describes two cases of Language teaching for degree students in the University of Oulu with new pedagogical approaches aiming towards authentic working life skills. Co-creation, collaborative learning and cooperation across borders are the building blocks for these innovative language teaching projects. Case 1 describes Entrepreneurial Language Studies in English and Swedish courses, co-created with the Ministry of Culture and Education Key Projects, which aim for fostering entrepreneurial culture and creating entrepreneurial learning environments at universities. Case 2 is about Teaching English and Course Cooperation in English language between the students of Information Processing Science in Finland and Russia. In both of these cases, students have been challenging themselves with new ways to learn the language and at the same time acquire important skills for working life, virtual learning, presentations, communication, problem solving and business idea creation. What unites these cases is the emphasis on authentic language learning, creativity and self-efficacy. Because career paths today are increasingly complex, multidisciplinary and diverse, the ability to adapt, innovate and be flexible is vital in evolving and collaborative working environments.

Finland’s Arctic strategy: international cooperation and legal aspects

The article is devoted to the issues of international cooperation of Finland in the Arctic in the sphere of environment on a stable international legal basis. The international cooperation in the Arctic began at the government level in 1991 at Rovaniemi at the meeting of the Arctic countries ministers. The improvement of the regulatory and legal framework for environmental protection and perfection of the legal instruments of interaction with international environmental organizations is a priority task in the development of the Arctic zone. The development of interstate relations is promoted by a multitude of Arctic forums and discussion platforms that unite Finland and Russia in virtue of these countries geographical neighbourhood and trade and economic relations. Finland actively stands for mutually beneficial bilateral and multilateral cooperation with the Arctic countries on the basis of international treaties and agreements, and favours international scientific and technical cooperation within the framework of global and regional technological and research projects in the Arctic. The international attention to the prospects of the Arctic, as well as Finlands climate-related agreements and commitments, required a revision of the national legislation on environmental. In the first 11 months of 2018, the Parliament of Finland received 265 draft bills in the sphere of ecology for consideration. The protection of indigenous small-numbered nations, their original habitat and traditional way of life is based on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. In the authors opinion, the study and application of the experience and achievements in the field of digital technologies in legal science in Finland will give a positive impetus to the perfection of the Russian digital model of legal groundwork for the Arctic, it will favour the improvement of the regulatory and legal framework for laying the foundations of state governance of the Russian Federation Arctic Zone and for legislative recognition of its status as a special object of state regulation, and it will also promote development of technologies for legal monitoring, legal prognostication and expert examination of international projects of statutory legal acts.

Materials Science in Finland: (Adv. Mater. 24/2018)

Advanced MaterialsVolume 30, Issue 24 1870167 Cover PictureFree Access Materials Science in Finland: (Adv. Mater. 24/2018) First published: 08 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201870167AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Graphical Abstract This special issue is dedicated to current research activities on materials science in Finland. The issue provides a collection of outstanding contributions from diverse research groups on the recent progress on silicon and silica nanomaterials, DNA nanotechnology, micro-/nanomotors, biomass-based nanostructures, nanocellulose, 2D layered materials, atomic-layer deposition, superhydrophobic surfaces, and microrobots, from University of Helsinki, Aalto University, VTT, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, Tampere University of Technology, and University of Eastern Finland. Volume30, Issue24Special Issue: Materials Science in FinlandJune 13, 20181870167 RelatedInformation

A scoping review of Finnish doctoral dissertations in older people nursing science

Scientific research is important in guiding the development of evidence-based, cost-effective and comprehensive healthcare. The purpose of this scoping review was to analyse the current stage of research in the field of older people nursing science based on doctoral dissertations completed in Finnish universities. Altogether 418 doctoral dissertations in nursing science were published (1990–2015), and 44 of these (11%) represented older people nursing. The majority of the dissertations focused on patient and family or nursing activities. Usual topics were care procedures and clinical nursing (36%); self-care ability, independence (23%) and existence, being and feeling as an individual person (18%). Only one randomised controlled trial was conducted. The main informants were older people (78%) who were typically interviewed or surveyed. Research in older people nursing science in Finland is focusing on traditional clinical nursing settings. More innovative research is necessary from the perspective of health promotion and technological solutions.

Say, “S” (as) Semantics – and Mean it! Path to Semantically Interoperable Digital Research Services

The more we invest in open science and research, the more we need to ensure that metadata enabling discovering and digital preservation of research material is of high-quality and semantically coherent. Still, interoperability of information systems and the lack of shared semantics, both between humans and machines, is an internationally recognised issue.In Finland we are in the process of implementing information systems and harmonising the legacy data models in the way that it makes use of the shared semantics, standards and other best practices according to the common architectural vision. This basic infrastructure for information management is built by combining terminological theory, linked data and adaptable data modelling practices. The idea of the Semantic Interoperability Model and new tools, IOW – Interoperability Workbench, supporting it are presented in the context of research and science in Finland, but the vision of the linked information components is generic.

Political science as a gendered discipline in finland

In political research and everyday politics, Finland is often presented as one of the gender-equal countries. The Nordic countries, Finland included, top a number of gender equality indices indicating that women’s societal position is particularly advanced. Feminist research, however, seeks to highlight the issue specificity of such evaluations. While Finland comes out on top in terms of a number of indicators, there are other areas where Finland is a laggard. Gender equality in the Academy is a case point. About a quarter of professors are women in Finland but their numbers fluctuate a lot from one discipline to another. Political science has traditionally been very male dominated, and the notion of politics is perceived as masculine. This article provides a brief overview of the current status of women in political science in Finland. It revisits earlier findings about how political science as a discipline is gendered in Finland and evaluates their pertinence today. The article then discusses the current situation and evaluates the changed institutional context. Despite progress made in numbers, gender continues to shape the political science discipline in Finland.

Advanced Science Students’ Understandings on Nature of Science in Finland

<p style="text-align:justify">Majority of NOS studies comprise of determination or assessment studies conducted with ordinary students. In order to gain further understanding on variation in NOS understandings among the students, there should be different research attempts focusing on unconventional students such as academically advanced students. The purpose of this study is to determine epistemological understanding of Finnish academically advanced science students concerning aspects of NOS. The study was a case study (N=39) conducted with qualitative perspective. Questionnaires on the students’ attitude toward science and motivation toward science learning plus a form for the teacher’s ideas and VNOS-C, were used as diagnostic tools and data collection instruments. The study revealed that the majority of the students were found to be naïve in aspects such as “empirical basis of science”, “observation and inference”, “subjectivity of scientists”, “social and cultural embeddedness”, “creativity in science”, “theories and laws” and “tentativeness”.</p>

Introduction to JAME Special Issue on QUIS 13

We welcome you for the fourth time to a special issue on QUIS. Quis (Quality in Services) is an organization founded in 1988 by service researchers at Arizona State University, Karlstad University, and Warwick Business School who wanted to bring together the growing international community involved in studying services marketing and management. QUIS has grown over the years to now be considered as the world's leading biannual symposium on service research and brings together the best interdisciplinary academic research and management practice from around the world. This year's symposium, QUIS 13, drew more than 200 attendees from over 30 countries presenting 130 competitive papers. It was held in June, 2013 at Karlstad University which was also the site of the first QUIS conference in 1988.In this issue we again offer five of the best papers that we think will be of interest to our readers as management scholars. Emphasizing the world wide interest in services and the management of service organizations, these papers we selected are written by authors from six different nations, none of which is the United States. These show the importance and extent of the work being done outside the USA on services. The first two papers are focused on the increasing research interest in how manufacturing organizations are expanding their strategic focus to incorporate the service component of their product offerings. The first of these is "A Novel Categorization of Industrial Services- Analysis of Service Offerings of Manufacturing Companies" by Heini Lehtonen and Hanna Kostama of Aalto University's School of Science in Finland. This paper presents a managerially oriented, yet theory-based, industrial service classification that can be used as a practical tool for structuring, analyzing, comparing and communicating industrial service portfolios that the authors term COIN. The second paper on the topic of integrating services into a product organization's innovation strategy is "New Service Development in Manufacturing Firms: Do the Basic Rules Apply?" by Lars Witell, Linkoping University, Sweden, Bo Edvardsson, Karlstad University, Sweden, Thomas Meiren, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering, Germany, Adrienne Schafer, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Switzerland. The purpose of this paper is to test hypotheses about new service development (NSD) in manufacturing firms. This study investigated 785 NSD projects to learn the role of the NSD strategy, how to use resources, how to organize, and the development process to use. …

Psychologism in Finnish Educational Science: From Herbartianism to Constructivism

This article deals with the relationship between pedagogical science and psychology in Finnish educational science from the end of the 19th century to the present day. The development process can be described in terms of the psychologization of pedagogical science. Psychological theories have played a central role in the most important shifts in pedagogical science in Finland, particularly in Finnish Herbartianism at the end of the 19th century, experimental pedagogy at the beginning of the 20th century, the empirical turn of the 1960s, and the modern learning-theoretical constructivism of recent decades.

Primary school teachers’ interviews regarding pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and general pedagogical knowledge (GPK)

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and General Pedagogical Knowledge (GPK) are fundamental types of knowledge for a teacher that he or she must use in order to plan, teach in the classroom, and assess students' learning outcomes. This paper investigates experienced primary school teachers' PCK and GPK while teaching science in Finland and in Thailand. Teachers' interview data were analysed by using deductive and inductive content analysis. The analysis units were analysed according to the categories and sub-categories of PCK and GPK. In addition, the frequencies of all PCK and GPK sub-categories were counted and presented by country. The analysis revealed that the Finnish teachers had flexibility in their teaching: they did not have specific techniques with which to handle students; the techniques used depend on the situations occurring at the moment. There were no strict rules for student discipline in the class. They emphasised the teaching of concepts through textbook and computer materials. In Thailand, the teachers emphasised the teaching and learning of procedural knowledge and consequently used experimentation, along with authentic materials in the lab. There were student discipline problems in the classroom; therefore, rules were set up to cope with those problems.

The Ryti Case: language, gender and the rules of the game in Finnish academic medicine in the 1920s

This article focuses on a controversy that took place in the academic medical circles of Helsinki in c. 1925–1927. Among the main actors in this controversy was Elsa Ryti, MD, one of the first women to make herself a name in medical science in Finland. The controversy became public in early 1926 and was then discussed by the Board and the Council of the Finnish Medical Association. The dispute is historically interesting because of its capacity to disclose tensions, power structures and lines of power within the field of academic medicine. In order to understand the course and outcome of the controversy, it is necessary to take into account several intersecting lines of power: the asymmetrical distribution of power and knowledge at the university clinics, the acute language strife at the time between speakers of Finnish and Swedish, the tension between the clinic and the laboratory and, last but not least, the matter of gender.

Book Review: Astronomy in Finland: History of Astronomy in Finland 1828–1918

ASTRONOMY IN FINLAND History of Astronomy in Finland 1828-1918. Raimo Lehti and Tapio Markkanen (The History of Learning and Science in Finland 1828-1918, vol. 4b; Societas Scientiarum Fennica, Helsinki, 2010). Pp. 269. euro28 (paperback). ISBN 978-951653-379-0.Since 1 965 , the Finnish Academy of S ciences has been publishing a series of historical studies of various scientific fields in Finland. The twentieth volume in this series, here under review, deals with the history of astronomy in Finland. This volume will, of course, appeal to everyone interested in the development of astronomy in Finland; but it also offers opportunities to compare developments in Finland with those in other countries.Lehti and Markkanen note that there is great popular interest in astronomy in Finland. The Finnish society for amateur astronomers, the Ursa Astronomical Association, counted 15,000 members in 2009! Why is this so? One could speculate that a sparsely populated country with a long dark winter gives ample opportunities for observations. Lehti and Markkanen, however, aim not to answer that question but rather to paint the full canvas of the astronomical work in Finland from the earliest sources to recent decisions to host astronomy in large university physics departments.It should be noted that the volume covers a much longer period than the advertised years of 1828 to 1918. The first four chapters deal with material before 1828 and there are chapters that extend the story beyond 1918. This is very much welcome since it adds the necessary background; however, there might be too much weight on the period prior to 1828.The authors carefully describe the specific conditions for astronomy in Finland. The country had long been a part of Sweden, but during the eighteenth century Russia showed an increasing interest in moving its influence westwards. In 1809 Russia annexed Finland, thus breaking the traditional bonds with Swedish universities and academies, but at the same time opening new opportunities for collaborations with Russian institutions. Finland stayed under Russian rule from 1809 until 1918, when it became fully independent. During the years as a Great Duchy, however, Finland had a high degree of independence.Already in the eighteenth century, there were important international contributions from Finnish astronomers when it came to the well-known transits of Venus. Anders Planman made excellent observations at Cajaneborg in Northern Finland and thereafter collected and processed all the data from the various Swedish observations. …

Context of teaching and learning school science in Finland: Reflections on PISA 2006 results

AbstractFinnish students' opinions about the frequency of learning activities and communication in the Finnish science classroom, their interest in science and science studies and careers, their sense of self‐efficacy, and their beliefs about their own competence as well as their performance in science are analyzed based on PISA 2006 Scientific Literacy Assessment data. Students' success on PISA is explained by these context variables and by the national education policy in Finland. The regression analysis revealed that positive student level predictors for PISA science performance were science‐related self‐efficacy and self‐concept, interest in physics and chemistry, and a view of the usefulness of science studies in preparing students for future jobs in science. From the point of view of science teaching, one of the most robust predictors of the high results in Finland were frequent use of teacher demonstrations, practical work in the classroom, and the possibility for students to draw conclusions. Knowledge based society, educational equality, and devolution of decision power at the local level, and teacher education are named as most important educational policy issues behind students' high performance in PISA 2006 science. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 922–944, 2009

Scientific revolutions in special education in Finland

In this paper, Finnish special education research is analysed. The material for this review consists of all academic theses published between the years 1951 and 1999. Doctoral theses can be considered as one type of official product of normal science, since they undergo rather stringent internal scientific evaluation. An attempt is made to evaluate the changes that have occurred in special ­education in relation to corresponding changes in educational science in Finland, where special ­education has had a close relationship with educational science. According to Husen, there was a struggle between two competing paradigms in education during the twentieth century. One was the so‐called positivist paradigm, which had its roots in the natural sciences and is based on measurable and mathematically analysable empirical observations. The ultimate goal is to explain the relationships between various phenomena as causal deductions (Erklären). The other paradigm looks to the humanistic sciences and attempts to understand phenomena using a holistic approach and qualitative data (Verstehen). The history of Finnish special education research has been divided here into three periods on the basis of qualitative development: the monopoly of the quantitative paradigm (1951‐74); the period of anomalies (1975–94); and the period of movement towards the hegemony of the qualitative paradigm (1995– ).

Från forskning till klinisk praktik — olika kunskapsintressen i vårdvetenskapliga forskning i Finland

The purpose of this article is to describe research of nursing science in Finland, particulary in the 1990' ies. Research have been done based on different scientific philosophies: positivism, fenomenology and citical theory. By using different approaches research has produced different knowledge and theories. Positivistic research has been commonly utilized in Finland. Since the middle of 1980's a fenomenology-hermeneutical approach has also been widely used. Research based on critical theory is seldom used. The purpose of nursing science is to produce knowledge which develop the science itself and which support nursing practice in developing the quality of care. The integration of theory and practice demands active input from researchers and nurses.