Science City Research Articles

Everyday life of women in Dubna of the 1950s-1960s

The article analyzes the structures of women's everyday life in the “science city” of Dubna, designed to become a showcase of socialism in the USSR of the 1950s-60s. We believe that during the years of the “Khrushchev thaw” and the rise of scientific centers throughout the country, women in these new towns found themselves in non-trivial conditions for traditional Soviet women's everyday life, where they gained the opportunity to implement their own life strategies in science and related fields. Few took advantage of this opportunity, however. Residents of the closed town of Dubna had access to special supplies and social infrastructure that was exemplary for that time; they were able to contact foreigners and enjoyed many cultural privileges. Triangulation of the sequences of biographical stories conveyed by representatives of different social strata, comparing them with media materials and extracts from normative sources led us to the conclusion that the traditional gender contract, subjected to only slight erosion in the first decades of the Soviet power, did not disappear at all - in fact, it took root in the “city of the future” inhabited by designers, inventors, and scientists. Due to the rigidity of this contract, the majority of Dubna's residents did not succeed in becoming, and did not want to become, independent actors seeking to declare themselves and their professional ambitions in science or the public sphere. We attempt to reveal the social role of such women through the prism of everyday life and social memory. We argue that it boiled down to the fulfillment of social expectations, the readiness to remain in service roles and provide a reliable rear support for their husbands-scientists who worked on major Soviet projects in the field of nuclear physics.

Развитие наукоградов России: мониторинг проблем

The article is intended to raise the issue of Russian cities with the official status of “science city” according to the Federal Law “On the Status of Science City of the Russian Federation” dated April 7, 1999 № 70-FZ. The rele-vance is due to the strategic importance of innovation, education and science in the context of new external challenges to Russian society on the one hand, and the importance of science cities as cities with high scien-tific, technical and intellectual potential, a kind of centers for the development of innovative products, on the other. The institutional foundations of science cities’ activity are considered. It reveals a number of legal and managerial issues. In particular, there are problems in the mechanism of assignment/confirmation of the sci-ence city status, the terms of its prolongation, as well as difficulties associated with the development, approval and implementation of strategies for socio-economic development of science cities, limited municipal powers hampering socio-economic development. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the inconsistency of science city managerial processes leads to the fact that the socio-economic effect from the implementation of strategies does not have such a noticeable impact on the social infrastructure of science cities and the well-being of the population.

HISTORY OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT THE UKRAINIAN SCIENCE CITY OF PYATKHATKI. THE ARCHITECTURAL, PLANNING AND FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICS

The article investigates the architectural and urban planning specifics of the center of innovation activity - Pyatikhatka in Kharkiv. This urban formation – "science city" – is considered as an industrial and urban planning phenomenon. The article highlights the history of the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology and the main stages of creation of the science city on its basis. It is established that the Pyatikhatky Science City was built according to an individual master plan developed in the 1950s and early 1980s. The author identifies 2 main periods of construction, development and transformation of the science city: the soviet period and the period of independence, which in turn can be divided into stages. The Soviet period – the period of construction and development – is divided into two stages: 1950s - 1970s and 1980s - 1991, the period of independence – 1991-present - is the stage from 1992 – 2021 and the stage after February 24, 2022. It has been established that the settlement of Pyatikhatky had all the signs of a science city. The new urban formation was integrated into the network of suburban road connections, but the main research and production complex demonstrated the "transport dead end" characteristic of such formations (impossibility of passing through it). The territory was separated from the city by a green strip of forest and parkland, i.e. it had a sign of tightness/isolation from the surrounding urban areas. There was also an educational function, which was usually organically included in the structure of all science towns. The village had a developed sphere of services and culture, which were especially active in the soviet years, and an atypical planning structure with a classified master plan. The urban planning and architectural solutions of the entity and the improved urban environment demonstrated the latest progressive approaches of the time. It is concluded that for the successful recovery and development of our country in the current conditions, it is necessary to introduce a continuous cycle: education – science – entrepreneurship - production, which is why the revitalization and development of such a center of innovation activity has significant potential and great importance for the development of Ukraine. Keywords: innovation center, Kharkiv, Pyatikhatki, science city, architectural and urban planning features.

Sustainability of Science City Tsukuba: From the viewpoint of cognitive–cultural capitalism

This study examined the sustainable growth of post-suburban cities based on the cognitive-cultural capital economy. The case of Tsukuba, located in the Tokyo suburb, is suitable for examining an important aspect of social contexts that has been overlooked by conventional cognitive capitalism. Since 2000, Tsukuba has experienced a continuous outflow of research institutes and their associated high-level human resources. As a result, factories and logistics facilities have been relocated to the former research institute sites, and the share of wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing, and transportation services has increased. The findings suggested that the restructuring of the Tokyo metropolitan area had opened up local employment opportunities in Tsukuba and strengthened the centrality of the urban system in the suburbs. The city's success in sustaining its growth as a cognitive-cultural capitalist hub resulted from its ability to leverage the local potential of the suburbs. The Tsukuba case highlights the importance of recognizing the potential of suburban areas as well as the need for a comprehensive approach that considers the diverse interests of different population. Tsukuba's experience offers lessons for other urban centers seeking to balance economic growth with social and environmental sustainability.

Государственная поддержка наукоградов в контексте решения задач пространственного развития Российской Федерации

Science City – the territory with a high concentration of scientific, technical and innovative potential, its characteristic feature is the city-forming scientific and industrial complex, in institutional cooperation with the organizations of which the local governments of the science city solve issues of local importance in order to develop innovative infrastructure, create a comfortable urban environment, ensure the availability of social infrastructure to increase the output of high-tech products, the development of the human resource of the science city and the involvement of highly qualified specialists by organizations. The article highlights the peculiarities of the implementation of the state support for science cities provided for by the federal law "On the Status of Science Cities of the Russian Federation" in the interconnectedness of the measures implemented with the goals and objectives of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, and also indicates the need to improve legislative regulation to ensure the development of science cities. In order to solve these problems, it is proposed to introduce appropriate amendments to this federal law, including to determine the peculiarities of the organization and implementation of local self-government in science cities in connection with the transfer of certain state powers to the local self-government bodies of science cities.

Correlation between residential area, service facilities, research and production zone of Russian science cities

Purpose: Identification of the correlation between service facilities, research and production zone of Russian science cities.Research findings: Based on the difference in the urban development, calculations include individual objects, taking into account the number of floors, rather than functional zones. The cities of Protvino, Pushchino, Chernogolovka, Fryazino, Troitsk and Koltsovo are analyzed; the population can be compared with the estimated number of new scientific towns. Despite a significant difference in the size of urban areas and the development of the research and production base, these science cities have a close ratio of housing, service facilities and research and production areas, i.e., 60, 10 and 30 %, respectively. The basic layout of science campuses does not change, while economic, demographic and scientific development is observed.Practical implication: The detected correlation can be called rational and used at the initial stage of planning a new science city.

State of the Art and New Trends from the 2022 Gism Annual Meeting.

The 2022 Italian Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group (Gruppo Italiano Staminali Mesenchimali, GISM) Annual Meeting took place on 20-21 October 2022 in Turin (Italy), with the support of the University of Turin and the City of Health and Science of Turin. The novelty of this year's meeting was its articulation, reflecting the new structure of GISM based on six sections: (1) Bringing advanced therapies to the clinic: trends and strategies, (2) GISM Next Generation, (3) New technologies for 3D culture systems, (4) Therapeutic applications of MSC-EVs in veterinary and human medicine, (5) Advancing MSC therapies in veterinary medicine: present challenges and future perspectives, (6) MSCs: a double-edged sword: friend or foe in oncology. National and international speakers presented their scientific works with the aim of promoting an interactive discussion and training for all attendees. The atmosphere was interactive, where ideas and questions between younger researchers and senior mentors were shared in all moments of the congress.

Hierarchical Multi-Objective Optimization for Dedicated Bus Punctuality and Supply-Demand Balance Control.

Public transportation is a crucial component of urban transportation systems, and improving passenger sharing rates can help alleviate traffic congestion. To enhance the punctuality and supply-demand balance of dedicated buses, we propose a hierarchical multi-objective optimization model to optimize bus guidance speeds and bus operation schedules. Firstly, we present an intelligent decision-making method for bus driving speed based on the mathematical description of bus operation states and the application of the Lagrange multiplier method, which improves the overall punctuality rate of the bus line. Secondly, we propose an optimization method for bus operation schedules that respond to passenger needs by optimizing departure time intervals and station schedules for supply-demand balance. The experiments were conducted in Future Science City, Beijing, China. The results show that the bus line's punctuality rate has increased to 90.53%, while the retention rate for platform passengers and the intersection stop rate have decreased by 36.22% and 60.93%, respectively. These findings verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed hierarchical multi-objective optimization model.

Digital platform for the support of organizational and pedagogical management of professional self-determination of future young scientists in innovative activities

Introduction. In the conditions of digitalization, the attention of scientists is shifting to solving the issues of introducing information technologies, crowdsourcing technologies, acceleration programs, and digital platforms into the organization of innovative activities. The organization of innovative activities using a modern digital environment will solve the problem of professional self-determination of future young scientists in higher educational institutions, research centers, universities of science. The purpose of the study implementation of the organizational and pedagogical potential of innovative project activities for the professional self-determination of future young scientists of the universities of the science city on the basis of its support by the developed accelerator of innovative projects. Materials and methods. The study was conducted based on the organizational and pedagogical condition defined by us as the support of the educational process by a digital ecosystem for practice-oriented interaction of students with employers and other interested social partners in the process of innovative project activities. 63 undergraduates enrolled in the program "Applied Informatics in the information sphere" took part in the experimental study. Statistical data processing methods (IBM SPSS Statistics program) were used to analyze the data obtained. Questionnaires, questionnaires, diagnostic materials were developed using Google Forms cloud computing technologies. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to process statistical data. When developing the accelerator of innovative projects, a functional modeling methodology was used, designed to formalize and describe processes according to the IDEF0 standard. The PHP scripting programming language was used as a tool for accelerator development. HTML markup language and cascading CSS and JavaScript style sheets are used for the visual design of the network service. Results. The implementation of the process of formation of professional self-determination of future young scientists in innovative activities was carried out in accordance with the developed model, which includes target; motivationalstimulating; content-activity; evaluative-effective components. The organization of innovative project activities was carried out using the accelerator of innovative projects. Calculations have shown that the differences in the levels of formation of professional self-determination of future young scientists in innovative activities in the experimental and control groups are significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion. It was revealed that the introduction of a special digital platform to support the pedagogical process of innovation management contributes to the development of professional self-determination of future young scientists, allows expanding the possibilities of cooperation between universities and enterprises to obtain new breakthrough technologies and innovative products in the process of joint research activities. Keywords: organizational and pedagogical conditions, digital platform, breakthrough technologies, networking, science city

Urban stratification: Hsinchu city as an inclusive archive

ABSTRACT The establishment of the Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park (HSIP) in 1980 created a site for high-tech success in Taiwan and increased the political, cultural and economic significance of the city of Hsinchu. In the intervening four decades, Hsinchu City has moved between the identities of being an historic city and a science city. While most research on HSIP focuses on its economic benefits, the resulting social and economic segregation between the natives of Hsinchu and newcomers to the city has evolved. Although current city development often causes the alienation of old timers and indifference by newcomers, the center of Hsinchu remains the locus in which to transform the dichotic city into a place to be enjoyed by everyday residents. This paper uses an ethnographic approach to examine the value of historic sites interpreted by both groups. The discussion focuses on how opinions held by preservationists/officials/elites (re)shape the value of historic environments yet create conflicts among stakeholders with different interests, and how narratives of “city as archive” (re)shape the connections between people, place, and the past.

Changes in the network centrality of greenways in housing areas under redevelopment in Tsukuba Science City

Changes in the network centrality of greenways in housing areas under redevelopment in Tsukuba Science City

Urban Flood Modeling and Risk Assessment with Limited Observation Data: The Beijing Future Science City of China.

The frequency of urban storms has increased, influenced by the climate changing and urbanization, and the process of urban rainfall runoff has also changed, leading to severe urban waterlogging problems. Against this background, the risk of urban waterlogging was analyzed and assessed accurately, using an urban stormwater model as necessary. Most studies have used urban hydrological models to assess flood risk; however, due to limited flow pipeline data, the calibration and the validation of the models are difficult. This study applied the MIKE URBAN model to build a drainage system model in the Beijing Future Science City of China, where the discharge of pipelines was absent. Three methods, of empirical calibration, formula validation, and validation based on field investigation, were used to calibrate and validate the parameters of the model. After the empirical calibration, the relative error range between the simulated value and the measured value was verified by the formula as within 25%. The simulated runoff depth was consistent with a field survey verified by the method of validation based on field investigation, showing the model has good applicability in the study area. Then, the rainfall scenarios of different return periods were designed and simulated. Simulation results showed that, for the 10-year return period, there are overflow pipe sections in northern and southern regions, and the number of overflow pipe sections in the northern region is more than that in the southern region. For the 20-year return period and 50-year return period, the number of overflow pipe sections and nodes in the northern region increased, while for the 100-year return period, the number of overflow nodes both increased. With the increase in the rainfall return period, the pipe network load increased, the points and sections prone to accumulation and waterlogging increased, and the regional waterlogging risk increased. The southern region is prone to waterlogging because the pipeline network density is higher than that in the northern region and the terrain is low-lying. This study provides a reference for the establishment of rainwater drainage models in regions with similar database limitations and provides a technical reference for the calibration and validation of stormwater models that lack rainfall runoff data.

Digital platforms for interaction and management of the innovation and educational process of the university of naukograd

Introduction. Currently, the problem of the development of science cities and other facilities with a high concentration of scientific and technical potential as an integral part of the national innovation system is urgent. There is a need to train scientific personnel focused on the generation of new ideas, technology transfer and the creation of startups in the field of breakthrough technologies. The purpose of the study is to analyze digital platforms in the information and educational space to solve the problem of effective interaction and management of the innovation and educational process of universities in the science city with research institutes and the business community. Materials and methods. To analyze the existing digital platforms, the method of analyzing the information resources of the Internet was used. In order to accumulate a sufficient amount of material for the analysis of digital platforms, a descriptive method was used. The classification method made it possible to systematize digital platforms, improve the quality of the conducted research by structuring and systematizing the information received. The method of comparative analysis made it possible to identify common features and positive features of individual platforms, in order to further discuss the possibility of continuity of positive experience. Results. The following platforms were taken for analysis: Digital Futures, a platform for researchers at the University of Manchester (UK); Crowdsourcing network platform InnoCentive (USA); Trello team and project management service; ITMO accelerator. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to study the features, mechanisms of interaction based on the considered technologies in order to determine the criteria and requirements for digital platforms. As a result of the study, a comparative analysis of digital platforms for the interaction of science city universities with research institutes and the business community is presented, taking into account the following criteria: the purpose of the platform, the result of activities on the platform, groups of participants, platform functions, and the structure of the digital platform. Discussion and Conclusion. The presented analysis of digital platforms made it possible to identify the classes of modern digital platforms, to determine the requirements for the development of this type of platforms, to substantiate the conceptual approaches to the development of the University of science city as an innovative scientific and educational platform.

A New World of Lakes—An Exploration of the Code for a New Low Carbon Realm—The Upgrading of Horticultural Lake in Mianyang Science City New District as an Example

This paper focuses on the upgrading project of Horticulture Lake in China's Science and Technology City-Miangyang, and summarizes the seven major problems of the current situation by sorting out the problems of the current situation of Horticulture Lake. With natural ecology and green sponge as the design concept of renovation and upgrading, seven major renovation and upgrading measures are proposed, such as the code of lake ecology, the code of three-dimensional ecological lake scape, the code of green ecological sponge, the code of road system upgrading, the code of flower border upgrading, the code of plant landscape upgrading and the code of ground cover upgrading of Song Shou Lan, in order to create a new scene of green technology and low-carbon life.

Science and the City: The role of women in the science city: London 1650–1800

Science and the City: The role of women in the science city: London 1650–1800

Relationships Between Childhood Bullying/Domestic Violence Experience and Insomnia among Employees in Japan.

Traumatic childhood experiences such as domestic violence and bullying have been reported to be associated with insomnia in adulthood. However, little evidence is available for the long-term effects of childhood adversity on workers' insomnia worldwide. Our objective was to examine whether childhood experiences of bullying and domestic violence are associated with insomnia in workers in adulthood. We used survey data from a cross-sectional study of the Tsukuba Science City Network in Tsukuba City, Japan. Workers aged 20 to 65 years (4509 men and 2666 women) were targeted. The Binomial Logistic regression analysis with the Athens Insomnia Scale as the objective variable showed that childhood bullying and domestic violence experience of childhood bullying and domestic violence were associated with insomnia. It may be useful to focus on childhood traumatic experiences regarding insomnia in workers.

The Institute of the Federal Territory as a Tool to Reduce Regulatory Risks and Unlock the Intellectual Potential of the “Sirius” Science City

In the context of escalating tensions between Russia and Western countries, the effective use of human intellectual capital becomes an ‘insurance certificate’ for ensuring technological sovereignty of each nation. In this regard, it is relevant to study the experience of creating the first federal territory on the basis of ‘Sirius’ science city, which is considered in this article in the framework of managerial paradigm of decision-making. The chosen theoretical and methodological approach makes it possible to assess the feasibility of using the institute of federal territory in relation to science city, taking into account the comparative advantages of the Sirius management model over other special legal regimes. The author concludes that the federal territory has public authorities, its own budget, property and built-in legal ‘brain drain stopper’ in the form of a grant agreement together with a set of measures to minimise the risks of legal regulation will reveal the intellectual potential of the federal territory institution, which can become a launching pad for scaling the ‘Sirius’ experience to other regions with a developed cluster of science and innovation and technology centres.

The legal concept of the formation of a humanitarian science city of a non-industrial city (on the example of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk)

The article deals with the development of a legal concept for the formation of a humanitarian science city of a modern non-industrial city based on the actual material of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the most important task of effective and comprehensive legal regulation and organizational and legal support for the socio-economic development of Russian cities and regions, considering the specific features of their historical, geographical, political, legal, social and other characteristics. To solve this problem, the activity of science cities is still relevant, which in modern conditions can expand the scope of scientific research in the fields of not only technical and natural sciences, but also form humanitarian science cities based on non-industrial cities. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the municipal legal concept of creating humanitarian scientific clusters and transforming non-industrial cities (on the example of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk) into humanitarian science cities, the research topics of which will be scientific, practical and interdisciplinary in nature. The objects of study, considering the goal, include science cities and scientific clusters created in the non-traditional for them sphere of humanitarian scientific activity and the proposed method for their creation: at the initiative of regional and local scientific institutions, universities, public associations, organizations, scientific schools and creative teams. The novelty of the conceptual approach lies in the fact that for the first time in legal science the issues of legal regulation of the formation of humanitarian science cities are considered.

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКОГРАДА БИЙСК

The article discusses the social problems of the Biysk science city. Gaps have been identified in a number of areas of development: education, healthcare, culture, as well as the infrastructure of the city. The all-Russian problems associated with the decline of the population, the outflow of young people to other cities, insufficient funds to maintain the social sphere, and the deterioration of urban infrastructure are emphasized. The study revealed that by a number of indicators Biysk is below the regional and district values, despite the high status of the city of science and the existing scientific and production potential. A comparative analysis of the socio-economic development strategy of the science city and the plan for its implementation revealed a number of issues that either were not included in the plan and strategy for the development of the science city, or to which formal attention was paid. It is suggested that the degradation of the city is associated with a decrease in annual subsidies from the federal center, with the inability to socially build a successful model of a science city, with the existing inconsistency of management processes and their practical effect only in relation to economically successful regions.

Communicating COVID-19 Vaccine Information to Parents During Pandemic in Science City of Munoz, Philippines

Despite the existing communication strategies and health information available online during the COVID-19 outbreak, the general public has found that some parts of the world got the lowest COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates. Looking at the developmental dimension of communicating vaccine information, this paper gauges the underlying context and factors of the vaccine hesitation. This is to further assist the health information communicator to effectively craft strategies for public health. Interviews were administered as instruments of the study while the respondents were chosen through Simple Random Sampling. Thereafter, the data were analyzed by utilizing the Individual Differences Theory. As far as communication strategies are concerned, the Department of Health have found a high level of acceptance (47.2%) from the parent-respondents despite the vaccine hesitancy deeply rooted on the negative exposure to vaccine related to the dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia. Further, a significant relationship was established in the correlation between the use of social media and the age of the respondents (0.040*); poster and educational attainment (0.005**); poster and employment (0.018*); and seminar and educational attainment (0.011*), in communicating COVID-19 information. Following the framework for analysis, the exposure to COVID-19 vaccine messages leads to an attitude shift that changes the parent-respondents action towards the vaccination of their children. This study concludes that the exposure of parent-respondents to communication strategies and materials have been proven to be statistically significant factors and played a significant influence in the spread of COVID-19 vaccine information. Consequently, the use of social media as a source of information in rural communities was statistically low. This study inferred that there is a barrier in communicating health information for respondents who didn’t finish their studies and reside from rural areas whereas there is a lack of available communication materials with local context.