Science-based Innovation Research Articles

Public research funding and science-based innovation: An analysis of ERC research grants, publications and patents

Abstract This study aims to advance the discussion around the linkages between public funding for scientific research and new technology development. We develop and test a methodology that matches patents to scientific publications, the latter of which stemming from publicly funded research. We specifically focus on projects that were funded by the European Research Council (ERC) in the Life Sciences and Physical Science and Engineering sectors during the FP7 Programme. We also compare this method’s results with the patents directly reported by the PIs of ERC-funded projects at the end of their grants, finding that the two methods are complementary. In addition to documenting important technological diffusion effects generated by ERC-funded research, our results highlight some factors that shape the relationships between patents, publications, and grants, such as project type, age, duration, scientific domain and number and quality of associated publications. Therefore, our findings present significant policy implications for funding agencies, universities, TTOs, and policymakers who want to monitor the technological outcomes of public research investments.

Evolution by innovation as a driving force to improve TCR-T therapies.

Adoptive cell therapies continually evolve through science-based innovation. Specialized innovations for TCR-T therapies are described here that are embedded in an End-to-End Platform for TCR-T Therapy Development which aims to provide solutions for key unmet patient needs by addressing challenges of TCR-T therapy, including selection of target antigens and suitable T cell receptors, generation of TCR-T therapies that provide long term, durable efficacy and safety and development of efficient and scalable production of patient-specific (personalized) TCR-T therapy for solid tumors. Multiple, combinable, innovative technologies are used in a systematic and sequential manner in the development of TCR-T therapies. One group of technologies encompasses product enhancements that enable TCR-T therapies to be safer, more specific and more effective. The second group of technologies addresses development optimization that supports discovery and development processes for TCR-T therapies to be performed more quickly, with higher quality and greater efficiency. Each module incorporates innovations layered onto basic technologies common to the field of immunology. An active approach of "evolution by innovation" supports the overall goal to develop best-in-class TCR-T therapies for treatment of patients with solid cancer.

Reviving natural history, building ecological civilisation: the philosophy and social significance of the Natural History Revival Movement in contemporary China

The concept of ecological civilisation has become enshrined in the Chinese constitution as a blueprint for sustainable development based on a changed relationship with nature. Achieving the ecological civilisation, however, is no easy task. True to its socialist one-party system and scientific outlook on development, the Chinese government continues to place emphasis on authoritarian governance and science-based innovation. Alternative approaches to ecological civilisation have received less attention. In this paper, we seek to understand the philosophical and social perspectives offered by the Natural History Revival Movement (NHRM) regarding China’s path to an ecological civilisation. Based on sources collected by means of snowball sampling, we perform a hermeneutic analysis of the NHRM and its meanings. As a philosophy, the NHRM draws on inspiration from a variety of sources, most of which are European. The NHRM, functioning as a social movement, encompasses the growing enthusiasm within Chinese society for naturalist studies and environmental monitoring, rooted in distinct Chinese origins. Examining the NHRM provides a glimpse into different sociotechnical imaginaries in China, aligning with the government’s ecological-civilisation vision yet questioning the methods employed to attain the objective.

KOLABORASI PEMERINTAH DAN SWASTA : SEBUAH UPAYA UNTUK MEMPERKUAT INOVASI PETANI SKALA KECIL DI INDONESIA

Agriculture globally is still dominated by small-scale farmers which means that investment is still needed to change their quality of life for the better. Investment in innovation in agriculture is expected to not only alleviate poverty, but also improve the welfare of farmers and rural communities. To create this, collaboration between agricultural actors is needed, so as to encourage actors to play roles according to their respective functions, strengthening each other so that in aggregate it can increase farmers' productivity. Productivity growth, agricultural efficiency and reducing the impact of agriculture on the environment arise due to various studies conducted on the agricultural sector. Rural poor still rely on agriculture as their main livelihood, therefore investment in agriculture is an important factor in efforts to reduce poverty in rural areas, namely by improving agricultural performance. Collaboration between the government and the private sector is expected to improve soft skills and hard skills from each party, so as to improve services to agricultural stakeholders optimally. The government and agricultural stakeholders always collaborate with each other to encourage agricultural ecosystems that are able to overcome food insecurity and create sustainable agriculture. With the right model of iolaborasi, science-based innovation can encourage the strengthening of the agricultural industry and increase the level of welfare of smallholder farmers in rural areas.

Commercialisation patterns of scientific knowledge in traditional low- and medium-tech industries

Research on technology commercialisation and science–industry interactions overlooks the specificity of connections between science and traditional low- and medium-technology (TLMT) industries. The few studies on science-based innovation in TLMT industries focus on barriers to investing, accessing, and creating value from science. This is problematic as TLMT industries exhibit different innovation patterns compared to high-tech and science-based industries. Therefore, we focus on the patterns arising from technology commercialisation processes utilised by TLMT firms to create value from scientific knowledge and technology. We used a qualitative multiple case study design and identified four types of commercialisation patterns in TLMT industries: scientification, optimising nature, orchestration, and technification. Our typology contributes to research in traditional industries and technology commercialisation by demonstrating firms' commercialisation patterns and the diverse ways in which they capture value within TLMT industries.

Game of skill or game of luck? Distant search in response to performance feedback

Despite its strategic benefits, there is persistent heterogeneity across firms to what extent they engage in distant search activities. According to the default prediction of behavioral theory of the firm (BTF), poor past performance will increase a firm's propensity for distant search, whereas good performance will lead to a decrease. However, a contrasting view is taken within the emerging capability cue perspective, which predicts the opposite. To understand these conflicting views, we emphasize the key role of context that is formed by a firm's sectoral innovation pattern and shapes the dominant cognition of firms' managers. Building on this sectoral innovation perspective and Pavitt's seminal work (1984; 1995) we distinguish between a science-based innovation pattern (here, we focus on the semiconductor industry) and a specialized-supplier innovation pattern (we focus on the machinery industry). The key claim we make is that different sectoral innovation patterns shape other dominant managerial cognitions, leading to a different interpretation of past performance that influences the decision to increase or decrease distant search. Our paper contributes to an understanding of how the competing ideas on different ways in which firms respond to feedback, in view of distant search, can be reconciled. We also contribute to the literature on technological innovation by considering the role of managerial cognition and how differences therein can be associated with different firm choices on their distant search activities.

Science-based Innovation via University Spin-offs: The Influence of Intangible Assets

Science-based Innovation via University Spin-offs: The Influence of Intangible Assets

The symbiosis evolution mechanism and simulation research of developed science-based innovation ecosystem

The symbiosis evolution mechanism and simulation research of developed science-based innovation ecosystem

The symbiosis evolution mechanism and simulation research of developed science-based innovation ecosystem

The symbiosis evolution mechanism and simulation research of developed science-based innovation ecosystem

Entrepreneurial Internationalization of Science-based Innovation: A Theory-based Case Study

Entrepreneurial Internationalization of Science-based Innovation: A Theory-based Case Study

Seeing oneself as a data reuser: How subjectification activates the drivers of data reuse in science.

Considerable resources are being invested in strategies to facilitate the sharing of data across domains, with the aim of addressing inefficiencies and biases in scientific research and unlocking potential for science-based innovation. Still, we know too little about what determines whether scientific researchers actually make use of the unprecedented volume of data being shared. This study characterizes the factors influencing researcher data reuse in terms of their relationship to a specific research project, and introduces subjectification as the mechanism by which these influencing factors are activated. Based on our analysis of semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 24 data reusers and intermediaries, we find that while both project-independent and project-dependent factors may have a direct effect on a single instance of data reuse, they have an indirect effect on recurring data reuse as mediated by subjectification. We integrate our findings into a model of recurring data reuse behavior that presents subjectification as the mechanism by which influencing factors are activated in a propensity to engage in data reuse. Our findings hold scientific implications for the theorization of researcher data reuse, as well as practical implications around the role of settings for subjectification in bringing about and sustaining changes in researcher behavior.

Networks for Science-Informed Innovation in the Arctic: Insights on the Structure and Evolution of a Canadian Research Network

In remote peripheral regions like the Arctic, research networks have been identified as an important mechanism for nurturing science-informed innovation. Given that relatively little is known about the network structures that support Arctic innovation processes, we employ social network analysis techniques to examine the structural organization and evolution of ArcticNet, a large Canadian Arctic scientific research network over a 13-year period (2004 – 17). ArcticNet funded 152 multidisciplinary research teams, connecting multiple types of science-based innovation actors, not including students (301 organizations and 1659 individuals). The research network grew without reaching saturation (increasing size, decreasing density), suggesting that ArcticNet was successful in recruiting new actors over the 13-year period. ArcticNet was centralized around non-local, public-sector actors (mainly Canadian academics). The emergence of collaborations across several boundaries (sectoral, geographic, thematic) suggests that non-local Canadian academic actors played an important boundary-spanning role, particularly in the early stages of the network. Participation by local northern actors doubled from Phase 1 to Phase 4, and with time, local northern actors had an increasing propensity for carrying out boundary-spanning roles and addressing structural holes. This study presents new insights into the networked nature of Arctic scientific research with potential implications for future research and innovation policy.

Analisis Bibliometrik Penelitian Tugas Akhir Mahasiswa di Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis Universitas Gadjah Mada

The results of research in universities are expected to contribute to the development of science and technology and can provide benefits for the welfare of society. This study aims to map out topics from the 2020 student final project research to evaluate the achievement of the vision and mission of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The research method used is a quantitative method with bibliometric analysis, namely mapping research topics based on co-word analysis. Data processing using VOSviewer. The results showed that the research theme for the final project of students from each department was in accordance with the flagship research theme of FEB UGM. The research theme for the final project of the Accounting Department students has conformity to clean organizational governance to create people with integrity, 71%, with dominant topics, Corporate Social Responsibility, internal control, performance, and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The research theme for the final project of the students of the Department of Economics is that it is compatible with sustainable economic growth based on local wisdom, amounting to 63.9% with dominant topics, economic growth, unemployment, fixed effects, Autoregressive Distributed Lags, and the cost approach. Furthermore, the research theme for the final project of the Management Department students has conformity to the development of science-based innovation and information technology to improve quality education and research, by 61%, with dominant topics, abnormal returns, analysis of five forces porter, bank, business model canvas, leadership, and purchase intention.

Trust building in science-based SMEs in the North East of England: an ecosystem perspective

PurposeThis paper identifies exigent factors that enable and constrain trust building in a science-based innovation ecosystem.Design/methodology/approachSet in the Northeast England, this study adopts a processual sensemaking approach to thematically analyse interviews with a diverse range of participants in six science-based SMEs.FindingsThe findings provide a unique exposition of trust building in an innovation ecosystem across geographic and platform relationships. In doing so, the findings highlight factors outside of contractual agreements that enable or constrain trust building in an innovation ecosystem.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations centred on subjectivity in the use of thematic analysis, sample bias and size. Sampling limitations were mitigated through the research design and analysis.Practical implicationsThe findings provide unique insights into understanding the exigent factors that enable or constrain trust building in a science-based innovation ecosystem.Originality/valueThe study identifies five exigent factors that constrain or enable trust building in science-based SMEs' innovation ecosystem at a micro-level – building network relationships, degree of novelty, protection of innovations, propensity for adding value, propensity for risk.

Embedded versus translational research: science-based innovation in biomedical product development

This article examines models of science-based innovation, embedded research and translational research in development of biomedical devices. While the applicability of linear of models of innovation in product develop have been widely questioned, studies have yet to explain how science-based biomedical knowledge production is reduced to practice in development of new devices. To understand how this occurs I investigated concepts of science-based innovation, embedded research and translational research in the context of commercial product development in the powered prosthetic arm industry from 1945 to 2020. I found that development of commercial powered prosthetic arms was strongly influenced by scientific research, with a majority of cases involving the originating researcher contributing to first reduction to practice in new commercial products. Instead of integrated knowledge translation practices, embedded research followed university research in many of the cases. The focus on a biomedical engineering industry limits the generalizability of the findings. Future research directions include examination of other historical and contemporary case studies, and identification of effective practices in embedding knowledge production projects in locations-of-use.

Leading dissemination of digital, science-based innovation in school – a case study

ABSTRACT Digitalizing school is a process that comes with challenges. It requires strategic leadership and transformational change to work processes. Nevertheless, some succeed, and it is useful to understand what makes for success. This paper studies the challenges of leading digitalization of education in a city which decided to implement an IT-supported method for teaching literacy in primary schools. The method required transformational change; teachers not only had to learn to use technologies, they also had to review their pedagogy. This study is guided by the Diffusion of Innovation theory and draws on interviews with school principals. We find that the critical factors relate to the communication channel, the social system within and across schools, and the time perspective.

Leveraging the Biology of Adversity and Resilience to Transform Pediatric Practice.

Advances in science are fundamentally changing the way we understand how inextricable interactions among genetic predispositions, physical and social environments, and developmental timing influence early childhood development and the foundations of health and how significant early adversity can lead to a lifetime of chronic health impairments. This article and companion article illustrate the extent to which differential outcomes are shaped by ongoing interactive adaptations to context that begin at or even before conception and continue throughout life, with increasing evidence pointing to the importance of the prenatal period and early infancy for the developing brain, the immune system, and metabolic regulation. Although new discoveries in the basic sciences are transforming tertiary medical care and producing breakthrough outcomes in treating disease, this knowledge is not being leveraged effectively to inform new approaches to promoting whole-child development and preventing illness. The opportunity for pediatrics to serve as the leading edge of science-based innovation across the early childhood ecosystem has never been more compelling. In this article, we present a framework for leveraging the frontiers of scientific discovery to inform new strategies in pediatric practice and advocacy to protect all developing biological systems from the disruptive effects of excessive early adversity beyond providing information on child development for parents and enriched learning experiences for young children.

ICT, Collaboration, and Science-Based Innovation: Evidence from Bitnet

Does access to information and communication technologies (ICT) increase innovation? We examine this question by exploiting the staggered adoption of BITNET across U.S. universities in the 1980s. BITNET, an early version of the Internet, enabled e-mail-based knowledge exchange and collaboration among academics. After the adoption of BITNET, university-connected inventors increase patenting substantially. The effects are driven by collaborative patents by new inventor teams. The patents induced by ICT are exclusively science-related and stem from fields where knowledge can be codified easily. In contrast, we neither find an effect on patents not building on science nor on inventors unconnected to universities.

Retraction: Tracing Knowledge Flows in Innovation Systems—an Informetric Perspective on Future Research Science-based Innovation

This article refers to:RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tracing Knowledge Flows in Innovation Systems—an Informetric Perspective on Future Research Science-based Innovation

Experimenting with co-design in STI policy making

Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has emerged in recent years, in Europe and across the world, as a model of scientific and technological advancement that is the result of the cooperation of actors that traditionally worked in an autonomous way. Advanced perspectives on RRI suggest how knowledge and solutions should be co-produced by diverse actors working in synergy, including civil society and citizens. This article introduces the notion of co-creation as a framework to operationalize RRI. The article discusses insights coming from ten labs across Europe, where experiments in co-design processes and tools are designing and testing solutions to societal challenges under diverse science, technology and innovation (STI) policies. Furthermore, it compares empirical insights with the debate on experimentation of co-creation practices in STI policy making and on the potentialities and limitations of design for policy. Moreover, the article discusses the restricted focus of RRI, which has primarily concentrated on scientific and technological research and science-based innovation, highlighting the need to include other forms of innovation (like social and human centered innovation) and perspectives to sustain the concrete uptake of RRI in diverse contexts.