Scientific Achievements Research Articles

DEEPFAKE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. WHY NOT?

In 1995, the journal "Education and Upbringing” published my paper titled "Genealogical Method in Education and Its Computer Support." I explored the value and importance of creating and studying family trees to learn about the values and cultural heritage of one's nation. One of my more forward-thinking ideas was that, in the future, animated ancestors could interact with their descendants via computer screens. A recent search in the mentioned JBSE archive reveals 11 publications focusing on AI. As we venture further into the age of digital innovation, it is imperative for the JBSE authors to embrace the potential of AI in educational contexts while remaining vigilant about ethical considerations. The integration of AI-generated images, audio, and videos of historical figures like Linus Pauling can revolutionize our teaching methods, making science more engaging and accessible. Such innovations offer unparalleled opportunities to enrich our curriculum, provided we handle the content with care, preserving the accuracy and context of scientific achievements.

All roads lead to Rome, an unexpected finding: High and low scientific thinking drive high scientific academic achievement through different pathways

Previous research has shown that scientific thinking (ST) is a significant positive predictor of scientific academic achievement (SAA), but the fact is that many students who lack ST also achieve high SAA. We hypothesize that there may be multiple pathways to high SAA and a complex interaction of multiple casual conditions, which are beyond the scope of conventional quantitative methods based on variance. This study explores the necessary conditions and sufficient pathways to the formation of SAA using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. In a public elementary school in southern China, 232 sixth-grade students completed test papers (measuring ST and SAA) and questionnaires (measuring other conditions such as learning strategies, extracurricular scientific activities, student-centered teaching, scientific capital, and parental involvement). The results of the necessary condition analysis indicated that no single condition was necessary to obtain high SAA. Sufficiency configuration/path analysis indicated that there were eight equivalent pathways that achieved SAA, including four high ST-driven paths, two low ST-driven paths, and two other-condition-driven pathways. Potential substitution relationships in similar paths were discussed, as well as the theoretical and practical implications of this study.

Intellectual property in the healthcare sector and the most important trends in the development of its accounting

Intellectual property is becoming especially important for healthcare institutions, as such institutions are actively developing new treatment methods, products or processes and need to know how to value, manage and protect their intellectual property. This article is devoted to current issues that reveal the impact of intellectual property on healthcare institutions, as well as the most important trends in the development of accounting. The following methods were used in the implementation of the research: analysis and synthesis, comparison, logical and systematic approaches. As a result of the research, this article presents information about the health care industry, which is being improved, and it is shown that the introduction and development of various innovations in the field under consideration depends on the successful implementation of the achievements of fundamental science in the development of new technologies. In addition, the importance of intellectual property, which has a significant impact on healthcare institutions due to its involvement in pricing and strengthening competitiveness, is revealed. It is concluded that health care institutions applying one or other approaches to managing their intellectual property contribute to the introduction of artificial intelligence, considering it as an opportunity not only to increase productivity, but also to simultaneously reduce costs within the framework of financial and economic activity. The research results will be of interest to practicing specialists in the field of accounting of budget institutions, as well as to the scientific community engaged in research in the field of health care. The results reflected in this article can be used in the educational process of higher educational institutions and in the practical work of accountants of modern organizations (including health care).

The Evolution of the University Textbook on Library Science: 1960—2024

The year 2025 will mark the 65th anniversary of the first Soviet textbook “General Library Science” prepared by O.S. Chubaryan. It was followed by other textbooks in this discipline. Reconstructing their history and evolutionary transformations is important to reflect and evaluate the progressive development and achievements of Soviet and post-Soviet library science. This is a unique pedagogical experience of forming professional knowledge and self-awareness of several generations of future library specialists, many of whom became veterans of librarianship and contributed to its progress. In Soviet times four textbooks on library science were published, approved by the Ministry of Culture of the USSR for use in higher education institutions of the country — three editions of the textbook by O.S. Chubaryan (1960, 1968, 1976) and one collective work — “Library Science. General Course”, prepared by Moscow and Leningrad scientists under the editorship of K.I. Abramov and N.S. Kartashov (1988). The post-Soviet textbook “General Library Science” by V.V. Skvortsov and N.S. Kartashov (1996—1997) was published in two parts. The transition to the Bologna system of education in Russia and the activation of higher education served as a catalyst for the project of publishing textbooks for bachelors of library and information science, the first of which — “Library Science. General Course” under the scientific editorship of A.N. Vaneyev and M.N. Kolesnikova (2013). Later, the textbook of the Moscow State Institute of Culture was published under the editorship of M.Y. Dvorkina and L.I. Salnikova (2015). At the current stage of modernization of the country’s higher education system and withdrawal from the Bologna system of education, the updating of the entire series of textbooks began. The textbook “Library Science. General Course” edited by M.N. Kolesnikova (2024) is prepared on a different conceptual basis than the previous post-Soviet textbooks. From edition to edition, the main professional textbook underwent transformations due to socio-political, cultural-historical, technological and other factors.

CHILD VIOLENCE: FROM PSYCHOANALYSIS TO THE REALITY OF PROTECTING CHILDREN'S RIGHTS IN BRAZIL

The purpose of the presented material is to summarize the basic psychoanalytic positions on the analysis of human aggressiveness and violent impulses, as well as to analyze the work of South American educators on the problem of violence within the recognition of human rights to a safe life. Methods. The defined theoretical and methodological direction of the analysis of child violence consists of research procedures, bibliographic review, psychoanalytic and socio-pedagogical research. Results. Psychoanalytic positions of interpretation of the phenomenon of violence are represented by Freud's classic generalizations about aggression, sadism and repression of libido. The conceptual understanding of the intrapsychic aspects of the child's violence is supplemented by the provisions of the theories of object relations through various forms of self-destruction of the individual. The socio-historical context of violence is revealed and it is emphasized that violence always contains the fact of violation by one person of the rights and freedoms of another person. The analysis of the works of Brazilian psychoanalysts reveals the specifics of experiencing the "feeling of colonization" in unconscious forms of repressed tension, confrontation and guilt. It is emphasized that various conflict traumas and states of social disintegration should begin with the awareness of just solidarity and human rights. It is also important to be aware of the rights of the child, which is in line with the doctrine of integral protection. The scientific achievements of the scientific school of Professor A.M. Eyng on the study of the problems of violence and children's rights are revealed. The basic positions of cooperation between Ukrainian and Brazilian scientists on the study of psychological norms of quality of life, mental health and well-being of children in humanitarian situations (poverty, wars, environmental disasters, forced displacement, etc.) are outlined. Conclusions. The scientific synthesis of psychoanalysis of child violence and socio-pedagogical generalizations about the child's rights to a safe existence is a new form of practical solution to the problem of protecting the quality of life of the child.

AUVs Under Ice: A Four-Decade Retrospective on Strategy and Risk Through the Autosub Looking Glass

Abstract Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have been used in the polar regions for decades. The technical challenges are well understood, and since the mid 1990s, missions of several hundred kilometers under sea ice have been possible. However, there remains a large gap between the endurance achieved in practice and the 1000+ km needed for large-scale sea ice studies; multiple, parallel sections under West Antarctic ice shelves; or sections under the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. This retrospective examines how the U.K. Autosub program's requirements for under ice observations were determined and how those requirements helped build a strategy for a decade of technical progression and scientific achievement. At times progress was faltering, vehicle reliability was inadequate and the approach to risk management was reactive rather than proactive. New analytical tools, some controversial, were developed to assess and manage risk and to drive improvements. While new satellite techniques arguably reduced the need for deployments under sea ice, they remain the only effective solution to fill data-gaps in bathymetry and ocean/ice interactions under ice shelves. The challenge for international collaboration is to accelerate the development of robust and reliable vehicles. The first task remains to survey the basic geometry of the key Antarctic ice shelf cavities. Taking a decadal view, AUV capability should expand to be capable of yearlong deployments under critical ice shelves.

Tendencies in the development of terminology: green economy and sustainable financing (based on English and Russian)

In Russia, the development of the green finance system with regard to a set of environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors is still noticeably lagging behind, which explains the need for outreach activities that include a vocabulary (terminological) component. The aim of this research is to study linguistic trends and features of the usage of environmental vocabulary (terminology) in the increasingly important area of sustainable development and the green financing in the period from 2021 to 2023. The relevance of this research is due to rapid climate change that puts humanity on the brink of survival. Therefore, it is necessary to unite international efforts for the early introduction of scientific and technical achievements. This implies the emergence of new concepts and terms. The paper presents new concepts that emerged in 2021-2023 and materials that have not been previously subjected to linguistic analysis. The idea is to identify the presence of terms selected from English and Russian research materials in the UN terminology database UNTERM and to determine the frequency of their use in English and Russian user corpora via Sketch Engine. Research results demonstrate that in the abovementioned period, the emergence of terminology related to crisis phenomena, such as global warming, loss of biodiversity and land degradation, can be effectively traced. Achieving the sustainable development goals is associated with early and urgent measures to reduce emissions, preserve nature and introduce sustainable patterns of production and consumption with the help of economic and financial levers. A perspective tool for further research in this field could be the application of open neural networks that enable processing of large text arrays.

LEGACY OF A LUMINARY: CELEBRATING THE LIFE AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF PROFESSOR STAVROS J. BALOYANNIS IN THE REALM OF NEUROSCIENCE

This paper pays homage to Professor Stavros J. Baloyannis, a towering figure in the field of neuroscience, whose contributions have profoundly influenced our understanding of neuromorphology and neurodegenerative diseases. Renowned for his groundbreaking work on dendritic spines, mitochondrial pathology, and the application of electron microscopy in neuroanatomy, Professor Baloyannis's research has been pivotal in elucidating the pathophysiology of conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Beyond his scientific achievements, he was a dedicated educator and mentor, nurturing a generation of neuroscientists with his passion for discovery and rigorous scientific approach. His humanistic qualities, interdisciplinary focus, and collaborative spirit further distinguished his career. This tribute encapsulates the essence of Professor Baloyannis's life's work, reflecting on his enduring legacy in neuroscience, his inspirational role in shaping future scientific minds, and the ongoing relevance of his research in contemporary neuroscience. As the field continues to evolve, his contributions remain a cornerstone, guiding and inspiring ongoing and future research endeavors.

Research on Enhancement of Gov't Functions in Regional Tech Achievements Transformation

The transformation of regional scientific and technological achievements is an important process of converting scientific research achievements into real productive forces, and the uneven distribution of regional resources is an inevitable problem in cross-regional innovation cooperation. To make up for the gap in scientific and technological resources, the cross-regional flow of technology has become an inevitable trend. While giving full play to the role of the market in resource allocation, it is even more necessary to give full play to the leading role of the government. With the introduction of a series of relevant laws and policies in China, the function of the government in the cross-regional transformation of scientific and technological achievements has been increasingly enhanced, but in this process, there are still deficiencies in the government's role positioning, relevant policies for interest balance, and the inter-governmental cooperation mechanism among regions. Based on this, it is necessary to optimize the function of the government in the transformation of regional scientific and technological achievements, effectively play the leading role of the government, construct an efficient and collaborative scientific and technological transformation mechanism, and cultivate the cooperation awareness of various participating subjects, so as to provide useful thinking for improving the function of the government in regional scientific and technological transformation.

When spermatogenesis of Cycas revoluta was discovered!

AbstractCycads have a unique phylogenetic position within the gymnosperms which is most typically recognized by the production of motile sperm. The formation of sperm in Cycas revoluta was discovered in 1896 by Seiichiro Ikeno. This discovery and that of Ginkgo biloba by Sakugoro Hirase represent the first great scientific achievements in Japan after the Meiji Restoration. The role of Seiichiro Ikeno in these achievements is highlighted in this review. Later, he became a pioneer in the introduction of genetics and genetic studies in Japan. Throughout his life, he devoted himself to scientific studies.

The PORTSEA (Portuguese School of Extremes and Applications) and a few personal scientific achievements

The Portuguese School of Extremes and Applications is nowadays well recognised by the international scientific community, and in my opinion, the organisation of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Statistical Extremes and Applications, which took place at Vimeiro in the summer of 1983, was a landmark for the international recognition of the group. The dynamic of publication has been very high and the topics under investigation in the area of Extremes have been quite diverse. In this article, attention will be paid essentially to some of the scientific achievements of the author in this field.

The Relationship Between Static Characteristics of Physicians and Patient Consultation Volume in Internet Hospitals: Quantitative Analysis.

Internet medical treatment, also known as telemedicine, represents a paradigm shift in health care delivery. This contactless model allows patients to seek medical advice remotely, often before they physically visit a doctor's clinic. Herein, physicians are in a relatively passive position, as patients browse and choose their health care providers. Although a wealth of experience is undoubtedly a draw for many patients, it remains unclear which specific facets of a doctor's credentials and accomplishments patients prioritize during their selection process. Our primary aim is to delve deeper into the correlation between physicians' static characteristics-such as their qualifications, experiences, and profiles on the internet-and the number of patient visits they receive. We seek to achieve this by analyzing comprehensive internet hospital data from public hospitals. Furthermore, we aim to offer insights into how doctors can present themselves more effectively on web-based platforms, thereby attracting more patients and improving overall patient satisfaction. We retrospectively gathered web-based diagnosis and treatment data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in 2023. These data underwent rigorous analysis, encompassing basic descriptive statistics, correlation analyses between key factors in doctors' internet-based introductions, and the number of patient consultation visits. Additionally, we conducted subgroup analyses to ascertain the independence of these vital factors. To further distill the essence from these data, we used nonnegative matrix factorization to identify crucial demographic characteristics that significantly impact patient choice. The statistical results suggested that there were significant differences in the distribution of consultation volume (P<.001), and the correlation analysis results suggested that there was a strong correlation between the two groups of data (ρ=0.93; P<.001). There was a correlation between the richness of a profile and popularity (P<.001). Patients were more interested in physicians with advanced titles, doctoral degrees, social activities, and scientific achievements (P<.001) as well as other institutional visit experiences (P=.003). More prosperous social activities, scientific achievements, experiences of other institutional visits, and awards were more common among people with advanced professional titles. Doctoral degrees remained attractive to patients when data were limited to senior physicians (P<.001). Patients trusted the medical staff with advanced titles, social activities, scientific achievements, and doctoral degrees (P<.001). Patient preferences for choosing a health care provider differed significantly between free and paid consultations. Notably, patients tended to trust doctors with advanced professional titles more and were more likely to seek out those with doctoral qualifications over other professional ranks. Additionally, physicians who actively participated in social events and scientific endeavors often had an advantage in attracting new patients. Given these insights, doctors who invest in enhancing their personal and professional experiences within these domains are likely to see increased popularity and patient satisfaction.

Implementation efficiency of the Hyperloop vacuum train project in the Gulf countries

Recently, in the countries of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Persian Gulf, much attention has been paid to improving railway transport using the latest technologies and achievements of science and technology. For economic, social and environmental reasons, the development of this type of transport is becoming one of the main tasks of the governments of these countries.A modern rail network will connect all GCC countries and provide another mobility option besides road, air and sea transport for both passengers and cargo in the region. The new national project is expected to make a significant contribution to the economy and prosperity of the countries in the region.The development of the transport system in this region, taking into account economic and climatic features, is justified by the state transport strategy to achieve global indicators not only of traditional safety, accessibility and quality of transportation, but also of environmental friendliness, multimodality and speed.As part of the long-term development of the transport system, among the priorities of the governments of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar is the use of a vacuum maglev transport system to launch ultrahigh-speed train traffic by putting into operation the fastest train in the world with a speed of up to 1100 km/h, the project executor is an American company Hyperloop. The journey between Dubai and Riyadh will last only 48 minutes, the project becomes the main competitor to the highly developed air transport, and the train of the future will be the first means of transport between the Gulf countries.The relevance of the project lies in the integration of the economy and life of the people of the countries of the region, increasing the mobility of citizens and residents, creating an attractive platform for companies, manufacturers, resources and human capital, supporting joint investments between countries, as well as developing the tourism industry and environmental protection.

A Comparative Study of Montessori and Traditional Education Approaches: Cognitive Development and Academic Achievement

This study investigates the comparative impacts of Montessori and traditional education approaches on cognitive development, academic achievement, and social-emotional skills among primary school students. Employing a mixed-methods design, the research involved 500 students aged 6 to 12 years from both educational settings. Quantitative data were collected through standardized assessments, while qualitative insights were gathered via interviews with teachers, parents, and students. The results revealed that Montessori students demonstrated significantly higher cognitive development, particularly in processing speed, working memory, and perceptual reasoning. Additionally, Montessori students outperformed their peers in traditional schools in mathematics and language arts, though no significant difference was found in science achievement. Social-emotional skills, including social competence and behavioral self-control, were also more developed in Montessori students. Qualitative findings highlighted the perceived benefits of the Montessori approach in fostering independence, creativity, and intrinsic motivation, while traditional education was noted for its structured curriculum and academic rigor. The study suggests that a hybrid educational model integrating elements of both Montessori and traditional methods could optimize educational outcomes, promoting both academic excellence and holistic development.

Specificity of Higher Professional Inclusive Education in Uzbekistan

At the level of Public Policy in the Republic of Uzbekistan, “on the strategy for the development of new Uzbekistan in 2022-2026”provides for the active involvement of persons with disabilities in the social life of the country. The decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 60 of January 28, 2022 made it a priority to further improve the system of social adaptation of persons with disabilities and the provision of correctional and pedagogical assistance to them. In our republic, positive changes have occurred associated with scientific and practical achievements in the field of Medicine, special education. Technological modernization of higher education is carried out on the basis of the widespread use of Information Technology. To date, the issues of vocational education of young people who need special training and have disabilities are a priority of the educational policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The possibility of obtaining high–quality vocational education, the demand in the labor market allows people with disabilities to improve economic living conditions, overcome labor and social isolation and join public life as actively as possible. It can be said that education is becoming one of the main tools for the rehabilitation of this category of people. In recent years, the modern society of Uzbekistan has demonstrated its readiness to implement new forms of relations with people with disabilities and persons with disabilities within the framework of educational practices and established relations in the field of Education.

Академік Платон Костюк: 100 років наукової спадщини та відкриттів

This year marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the distinguished Ukrainian neurophysiologist Platon Hryhorovych Kostyuk. His scientific achievements and contributions to global neurophysiology remain invaluable, continuing to influence the development of modern science. Platon Hryhorovych Kostyuk (August 20, 1924 – May 10, 2010) was a prominent Ukrainian neurophysiologist whose work left a profound impact not only on Ukrainian science but also on the global stage. His contributions to neurophysiology, molecular physiology, and cellular biophysics are unparalleled and have laid the groundwork for future research in these fields.

It is time to pay tribute to women in science: the women who won the Nobel prizes in Chemistry and Physiology or Medicine

In the 21st century, it is time to recognize the essential role of women in science. The study carried out by women-scientists makes it possible to combine brightness of mind, deep knowledge with humaneness and wisdom. Their approaches to the problems and the ways to solve them are largely determined by their maps of meaning and existential experience that can enrich and expand the scientific field and, as a result, can offer unexpected but most effective ways to solve the problem. However, women face obstacles in advancing their careers in science, and the situation is even more discouraging when it comes to winning science awards, the most prestigious of which is the Nobel Prize. Between 1901 and 2023, the Nobel Prizes were awarded 621 times to 965 individuals and 27 organizations, but only 64 of them were women-scientists. While we recognize and praise all women – Nobel laureates, this paper pays special attention to women who have received Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Physiology or Medicine and briefly outlines their scientific achievements. A more detailed description of their life and scientific journey will be provided in subsequent articles. Keywords: the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and in Physiology or Medicine, women – Nobel Prize winners, women-scientists

Preschool Children’s Science Learning: Instructional Approaches and Individual Differences

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Early science skills predict later science achievement, and persistent achievement gaps in science appear as early as preschool. The current study compared the effectiveness of different instructional approaches for teaching preschoolers about sinking and floating and examined individual differences in learning. Typically developing 4–5-year-olds (N = 93; 47% female) were randomly assigned to an Explicit Instruction, Discovery Learning, or No-Instruction Control condition. A pre-posttest design was used to measure change in children’s knowledge of sinking and floating using an assessment created for the current study. Participants also completed measures of executive function and non-verbal and verbal IQ. Children in the Explicit Instruction condition learned more than children in the other two groups. Additionally, individual differences in age, socioeconomic status, IQ, and executive function predicted learning, although only age and SES were uniquely predictive when all variables were included in the model. Lastly, children’s sinking and floating pretest scores significantly interacted with instructional condition to predict learning. Among children in the Discovery Learning condition, those with more prior knowledge gained more after instruction than children with less prior knowledge. Practice or Policy: These findings highlight the importance of considering how learner characteristics might influence the effectiveness of different instructional approaches.

Using machine learning to predict student science achievement based on science curriculum type in TIMSS 2019

ABSTRACT Most educational systems use either an integrated or a separated science curriculum. However, it is unclear which of these science curricula benefits students more author and existing research provides insufficient information about the implementation details of the curriculum employed. Therefore, this study compares the effects of two science curricula on students’ science literacy, drawing on socio-ecological theory and employing educational data mining techniques. Results from Grade 8 Science students in 44 countries sampled in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 showed that (1) the integrated curricula benefitted students marginally more than the separated curricula; (2) curriculum type was not essential in directly predicting students’ academic performance; and (3) random forest outperformed linear regression, lasso regression, decision trees, and neural networks in predicting student science achievement. This study advances our understanding of the predictors of student science performance, demonstrates that machine learning techniques can be applied successfully to examine curriculum effects, and provides directions for implementing integrated science curricula.

Kinetic and thermodynamic approach to precisely solve the unsteady Rayleigh flow problem of a rarefied homogeneous charged gas under external force influence

Abstract An extension and further development of our previous article [J. Non-equilibrium Thermodyne. 37 (2012), 119–141] is presented. We study the irreversible non-equilibrium thermodynamics (INT) properties of the exact solution to the dilute homogeneously charged gas problem with unsteady Rayleigh flow. In contrast to previous research, the charged gas flows under the influence of an external force, the flat plate oscillates, and the displacement current term is considered, leading to significant advancements in understanding natural plasma dynamics. We are solving the Boltzmann kinetic equation (BKE) Krook model supplemented by Maxwell’s equations. We used a travelling wave and moments method with an electron velocity distribution function (EVDF). To the best of our knowledge, as three new scientific achievements, we introduced a new mathematical model for calculating the thermodynamic forces, kinetic coefficients, and fluxes variables, Equations (28–40) and (50–54). Second, we determined, with reasonable accuracy, the thermodynamic equilibrium time of electrons, t equ = 26.7955, under an external force. We clarify the difference between equilibrium EVDF and perturbed EVDF and take advantage of BKE to account for non-equilibrium thermodynamic principles. For diamagnetic and paramagnetic plasmas, the extended Gibbs equation predicts ratios between various contributions to the internal energy change (IEC) is presented. A standard laboratory argon plasma model is used to apply the results.