School Organizational Structure Research Articles

The level of practicing leadership by exception among school principals in Jordan: the mediating role of organizational effectiveness from the teachers’ perspective

Introduction. When school principals practice leadership by exception, they focus on addressing outliers rather than systemic issues and step in only when performance falls short of expectations. Leadership in this style can have a positive or negative effect on the school climate and student achievement, depending on the strength of the school's organizational structure. The ability of the school to efficiently achieve its aims and objectives is what we mean when we talk about organizational effectiveness in this context. This is often influenced by the principal's leadership style. This study sought to identify the level of practicing Leadership by exception among school principals in Jordan: the mediating role of organizational effectiveness from the teachers' point of view. The study participants and method. The researcher used the descriptive-analytical approach. The study population consisted of all school teachers in the Wadi Al-Seer district in the capital, Amman, and their number was (1769); a sample of (288) male and female teachers was selected using the simple random sampling method. Results. Results showed that Jordanian school principals exhibited strong abilities in time management (mean 3.69, STD 0.94), defining responsibility and authority (mean 3.84, STD 0.73), and delegating power (mean 3.81, STD 0.68). Average performance review score was 3.20 with a standard deviation of 0.82. Mean 3.63, standard deviation 0.64) was a high overall average. Time management was the only area where the study discovered a gender gap, with women faring better than men. No other aspects or overall scores varied significantly by gender or level of education. With an explanation for 35.2% of the variance, the performance evaluation dimension was a significant predictor of organizational success. Practical significance. Leadership by exception and its effects on organizational effectiveness as seen through the eyes of Jordanian school administrators and their teachers is the focus of this study, which has important practical implications. The study demonstrates the impact of this leadership style on school functioning by investigating aspects such as responsibility, authority, time management, and performance evaluation. These results have important policy and practical implications for school administration because they show that leadership by exception is prevalent, especially in the area of time management. Improving organizational effectiveness, school climate, and student outcomes may be possible by gaining a better understanding of the function of this leadership style in school dynamics.

THE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF THE PRINCIPAL RESPONSIBILITY SYSTEM UNDER THE SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT CONCEPT RESEARCH-TAKING BAISE NO. 5 MIDDLE SCHOOL AS AN EXAMPLE

The principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party organization is a leadership and management system that emerged during China's education reform. After many changes and developments, it has now been widely used in primary and secondary schools in China. The establishment and implementation of this system enabled China's education to develop rapidly. However, with the development of the times and the progress of society, this system must also keep pace with the times to adapt. A conceptual model is built based on the relationship between the school's organizational structure, organizational decision-making, organizational justice, and organizational performance. Taking Baise City No. 5 Middle School as an example, it takes the four relationships between the "school management model, school decision-making, management justice, and management effectiveness." "Interrelationship" as the core topic, a scientific and reasonable questionnaire was set up, 163 school teachers were measured, and then statistical methods were used to analyze and verify the hypotheses proposed in this article. Finally, based on the empirical conclusions, this article provides suggestions and references for schools to implement the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party organization to improve the system and ensure the healthy operation of this system.

Student Management Based on Islamic Boarding School in Realizing the Character of Pancasila Students

The current Pancasila student character program is being promoted as an effort to recover from the crisis of students' character. The presence of student management based on Islamic boarding schools is expected to assist students in achieving the values ​​contained in the Pancasila student character. The purpose of this research is to analyze and describe student management based on Islamic boarding schools in realizing the Pancasila student character at SMA Madina Citra Insani Samarinda. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. The Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model is used to analyze the data found. The research findings on student management based on Islamic boarding schools in realizing the Pancasila student character begin with the stages: (1) planning, including the determination of character values, socialization, and the arrangement of daily programs; (2) organizing, including the arrangement of the school's organizational structure; (3) implementation, including formal and non-formal education, organizations, and extracurricular activities; (4) supervision by the school principal and the pesantren's astidz. Meanwhile, the program activities include the analysis of student needs (AKPD), new student admissions (PPDB), selection, school environmental introduction period (MPLS), placement and specialization of students, development and guidance of students, reporting on students, as well as graduation and alumni.

Transformation of the Team Role Model of Scientific Schools Into a Markov Chain

The modern paradigm of performing scientific research is steadily improving. One of the directions of its development is the substantiation and organization of team interaction of scientists working on solving a certain scientific problem. The complexity of the tasks to be solved, the need to ensure continuity in scientific research, and the complexity of projects require the introduction of new project management approaches, even in the organization of scientific teams aimed at obtaining unique results.The provisions considered in the study are relevant for the development and organization of scientific research. Moreover, examples of best practices for the success of project teams, considering the types of roles of participants, can be transferred from the field of project management to the field of organization of scientific research. The presented tools will make it possible to move from qualitative ideas about the activities of scientific teams to quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of the researchers work. The use of modeling tools to demonstrate the necessity of each role listed in the scientific school's organizational structure as a "Belbin's team," emphasizing the most crucial ones that influence its growth, and the potential to combine specific project roles without sacrificing project quality are what make this research innovative from a scientific standpoint.

ANALISIS STRATEGI KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN SEKOLAH DASAR

This researach discusses the Study of the Principal's Leadership Strategy in Improving the Quality of Education at SDN Telluwanua District, Palopo City. the problem in this study is the lack of management of school principals in improving the quality of education. This study aims to determine the leadership management of school principals in the delivery of education and the impact of educational outcomes at SDN Telluwanua District, Palopo City. The type and research approach used is descriptive quantitative. The source of the data used is primary data obtained from interview instruments with respondents, namely the principal, educators and teaching staff at SDN 18 Maroangin, SDN 52 Salutete and SDN 51 Sumarambu. The results of this study showed that 1. The strategy for improving the quality of education at SDN Telluwanua District, Palopo City began with the commitment of the school principal to improve the quality of education by planning a strategy, followed by improving the school's organizational structure, increasing the competence of educators and education staff, increasing student achievement, fulfillment of facilities infrastructure, building cooperative networks, creating independent school programs and evaluating educators, education staff and school programs. 2. The impact of educational outcomes at SDN schools in Telluwanua District, Palopo City, is that teacher competence has increased, graduation rates and graduate absorption have increased, school performance and school image have increased and facilities and infrastructure have begun to be fulfilled. The implication of this research is that by referring to the results of this study, it is better if the leadership management of school principals in improving the quality of education is increased again from before so that the goals of education in schools can be achieved effectively and efficiently.

Islamic Boarding School Management System In Increasing The Competitiveness Of Islamic Boarding Schools In Jambi Province

This research presents the management system of Islamic boarding schools in increasing competitiveness in Jambi province. This research, which uses a qualitative approach with observation, interview and documentation techniques, was conducted at Pondok Karya Pembangunan Al-Hidayah Jambi, Pondok Pesantren Sheikh Maulana Qori Bangko, and Pondok Pesantren Zulhijjah in Muara Bulian. The results of this study that the Islamic Boarding School Management System in increasing competitiveness (1) The Sheikh Maulana Qori Bangko Islamic Boarding School conducts first, the formation of a good Islamic boarding school organizational structure Second, the formation of a working meeting at the beginning of the year. The working meeting is directly led by the Kiai of the boarding school. Third, the plenary meeting discusses the determination of the work procedures of the board of students, establishing a work program. Fourth, planning the realization of the boarding school management system program (2) Karya Pembangunan Al-Hidayah Jambi boarding school, namely conducting stage I organizational decision objectives, Stage II formulating the current situation, Stage III identifying facilities and obstacles and Stage IV developing a series of activities (3) Pesantren Zul Hijjah Muaro Bulian formed a pesantren academic development team. Then the team analyzed the pesantren. The team then held a meeting to determine efforts to increase the potential and efforts to improve the boarding school

Pendampingan Green School Melalui Pengolahan Sampah di SMK Bina Husada Indonesia

Green school or adiwiyata is a school that supports global sustainability in everythingthat start with thingking aboaut the future, designing learning experiences for students that prepare them to lead the world towards a healthier, cleaner and more sustainable future (Kemdikbud, 2020). In other words, a green school is a school that is commited to developing programs to internalize environmental valuesinto all school activities. Garbage in the school environment must be controlled through rule of policies made by the school. These rules or policies must be implemented by all parties related to the school, starting from the principal, teachers, students, school official, student guardians and the community around the school. Assistance in establishing a green school will be carried out starting from 1. Brainstorming to the school about green schools, 2. Waste management workshops and training for teachers and students, 3. Green school assistance, 4. Results of activities. Brainstorming resulted in three agreements namely, teacher and student’ knowledge of green schools was still low, there was no waste management at schools and green schools had not yet been formed at SMK Bina Husada Mandiri. Waste processing workshops and training produce ecobricks made from plastic waste. Green school assitence produse three products namely ecobricksofas, a one day no plastic policy every Monday and Thursday and the green school organizational structure. The existing green school program can be maintained by the school as the person in charge of the school and still needs to develop other green school programs such as reforestation etc.
 
 Keywords : green school, adiwiyata

The Role of “Penggerak” and Independent Principal as Manager

This study aims to determine the role of the principal regarding programming, organizing, activating and supervising at SMPN 21 Seluma and at SMPN 24 Kota Bengkulu. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with research subjects being principals, teachers, administrative staff engineering data collection using interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques by collecting data, analyzing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions, and testing the validity of the data are carried out with credibility which includes triangulation, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Research shows that school principals plan detailed HR, policies, curriculum by involving teachers, committees. Organizing begins with compiling the school's organizational structure, division of competence. Mobilizing teachers and staff by providing directions and guidance, motivating employees to take part in training seminars, workshops, continuing studies and holding monthly evaluation meetings, supervision bymeans of; observing attendance discipline, learning process, seeking information through the school's deputy head and colleagues, and conducting supervision.

Implementasi Manajemen Strategik Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan (Studi Pada Pada SMAS Widya Nusantara, Bekasi)

Strategic management is a process within the organization to assist and formulate what must be achieved in order to produce something of value. The position of strategic management in an organization is very important. Because the existence of strategic management produces a framework in overcoming every strategic problem within the organization, strategic management also makes an organization think strategically and think more innovatively. Solving a problem by Realizing and Thinking more distinctions built from a more thorough analysis, max will create a useful and fruitful result. As is the case with quality education, it will be carried out properly and usefully if the school implements the strategic management that has been formulated previously in accordance with the existing vision and mission. However, judging from the existing problems, such as the lack of school management at Widya Nusantara Bekasi Private High School. Therefore the authors are interested in conducting analysis or research with the aim of analyzing and analyzing profiles, implementation and evaluation of strategic management in an effort to improve the quality of education. This research is a qualitative descriptive study conducted at Widya Nusantara Private High School, Bekasi. This study conducted research subjects to school principals, vice principals, treasurers, administrative staff, school committees and teachers. In the technique of data collection is done through observation, and interviews. The results of this study indicate that the profile of Widya Nusantara Private High School, Bekasi drives a vision, mission, goals, objectives and profile of school resources. Strategy implementation at Widya Nusantara Private High School, Bekasi is carried out through internal and external school environmental activities which are described through the school's organizational structure, teamwork and division of school assignments, study days and times, financing assets, curriculum, school promotion, new student admissions, school culture , code of ethics, school virtues, geographical environment, demographics, cultural environment and community appreciation, government regulations, developments in science and technology, involvement of school committees, partner institutions, alumni and implementation strategies in an effort to meet national education standards. The evaluation at Widya Nusantara Private High School, Bekasi is carried out continuously by involving top management and all school personnel both in the short term and long term through school selfevaluation instruments, teachers and benchmarking to improve school performance and education quality.

Hakikat Makna Konsep tentang Sistem di Sekolah


 The purpose of this research is to find out the principal's program in creating a school organizational system and how the principal's strategy is in forming a school organizational system. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The informant of this research is the school principal. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions by testing the validity of the data using credibility, transfer, dependability and suitability tests. The results of this study indicate that: the school principal is to make an organizational system and school arrangement, including making the school organizational structure contained in the Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture. Middle school, hereinafter abbreviated as SMP, is a form of formal education unit that organizes general education at the junior secondary education level. The organizational design for junior high schools has actually been regulated in Permendikbud No. 6 of 2019.
 Keywords: Concept Nature, the System in Schools

Pengenalan Lapangan Persekolahan I Di SMA Negeri 2 Palangka Raya Oleh Mahasiswa Prodi PBSI Universitas Palangka Raya

Introduction to School Field Experience (PLP I) is a process of observation and internship conducted by undergraduate education students to study the aspects of teaching and educational management in educational institutions, which is essential for students. This activity aims to familiarize each student with the atmosphere and activities of schooling through direct observation in relevant schools. The objectives of this activity are to develop education majors' competencies in academic education and their specific field of study, to understand the teaching and learning environment directly in a school setting, and to prepare students to understand and embrace their future profession. Observation activities are carried out through direct observation. The aspects observed during direct observation include: (1) school culture, (2) school organizational structure and governance, (3) school vision and mission, (4) co-curricular and extracurricular activities, (5) school rules and regulations, (6) ceremonial-formal activities, and (7) positive behavioral practices.

MANAGEMEN PENDIDIKAN DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI SEKOLAH MI MIFTAHUL ULUM

The quality of education is low, resulting in schools having to create ways to overcome this. School management is everything related to the management of the educational process to achieve the goals that have been set, both short-term goals, medium-term goals, and long-term goals. The purpose of this study was to determine school management in improving the quality of education, including: (1) school profile; (2) School programs and (3) Teachers and Students. Data collection techniques were carried out through interview guidelines, observation guidelines, and documentation studies. The research subjects were the principal, supervisor and teacher at MI Miftahul Ulum. The results of the research found: (1) School program planning includes: teaching programs, including: school profiles, school programs, school organizational structure, school vision and mission, extracurricular activities, etc. It is expected that supervisors can direct and supervise school principals in improving the quality of education regarding school program planning, program implementation and the obstacles they face in an effective, effective and efficient manner so that the quality of education in these schools can be improved

POTENSI KULTUR SEKOLAH DALAM PENGINTEGRASIAN KONTEN PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DI SEKOLAH MENEGAH ATAS NEGERI 3 DENPASAR

Multicultural education is an education that respects the differences of various cultural groups. At SMA Negeri 3 Denpasar there are various students. Therefore, multicultural education is important to implement. This is because there are still various cases of violence and bullying that occur, especially in SMA Negeri 3 Denpasar. So it is important for schools to apply the values ​​of multicultural education to strengthen school culture. The problems discussed in this study are (1) How is the potential form of school culture in integrating multicultural education content at SMA Negeri 3 Denpasar, (2) How is the empowerment of school culture potential in integrating multicultural education content at SMA Negeri 3 Denpasar. The theory used in this research is the theory of multicultural education and the theory of social learning. Data collection methods used are non-participant observation, structured interviews, literature study and document study. The data that has been obtained were analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis method.
 The results showed that (1) The potential form of school culture in integrating multicultural education content at SMA Negeri 3 Denpasar can be seen in the school climate, intellectual climate, rules and policies, traditions and routines, school organizational structure, effective partnering and character norms. (2) Empowering the potential of school culture in integrating multicultural educational content at SMA Negeri 3 Denpasar can be done by means of communication interactions, creating a clean and conducive environment, making extracurricular activities, making competition activities, providing classrooms and libraries as places for learning and reading, providing warnings or sanctions for students who violate school rules, carrying out prayers, mutual cooperation activities and providing trash bins, holding the election of the student council president and class apparatus and holding committee meetings, obeying norms and mutual respect and respect among school members.

Management Program Implementation For Student Discipline Character Through Positive Value Habituation Program Management

The research aims to investigate how Positive Value Habituation program management comprises planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring. This research employed a descriptive analytic approach with a qualitative methodology. Observation, interviews, and documentation studies are utilized as methods of data collection. Based on data processing, the research results are as follows: Based on data processing, the research obtained are: (1) Program planning is carried out by means of a leadership work meeting to formulate and discuss what policies need to be applied in the program reference, program objectives to apply disciplined character, determine the schedule for a program, materials and determine the budget needed to carry out a program (2) Organizing is done by creating a school organizational structure for the division of tasks to staff to facilitate the program implementation process (3) Program implementation with routine, spontaneous, and programmed activities which are followed by students based on planned plans. has been determined. (4) Program supervision is carried out, namely to students by calling their parents, to personnel by giving rewards and

Designing A Paradigmatic Model of Barriers to Innovation Management in Ahvaz Primary Schools

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to design a paradigmatic model of innovation management barriers in primary schools of Ahvaz city. Method: The research method was qualitative and, in terms of purpose, applied. The statistical population included experts in schools and universities, selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The research tool included semi-structured interviews, whose validity was established through face validity, and reliability was determined using the inter-coder agreement coefficient, resulting in 0.81. Data were analyzed using grounded theory method. Results: The findings revealed that causal conditions included understanding innovation characteristics, feeling the necessity for innovation, identifying individual differences among employees, managing information and communication technology, organizational culture, risk-taking in school employees, organizational structure, material resources, and transformative leadership; contextual conditions included individual characteristics of employees, employee experiences, individual characteristics of the manager, management style, organizational rules and regulations, organizational climate, and having an innovation model. Moreover, intervening conditions included psychological barriers, intolerance of ambiguity and failure, educational barriers, research barriers, performance evaluation barriers, structural barriers, human resource barriers, managerial barriers, and cultural barriers within the organization. Finally, strategic conditions included internal and external networking, division of labor, strategic management, committed and specialized human resources, politicization, having an innovative spirit among employees, the existence of a suggestion acceptance system in schools, administrative hierarchy, delegation of authority by the manager to subordinates, employee support, strategic planning, and the outcomes included increased mental health of employees and students, a creative school environment, a reward system for innovative and creative employees, a research-oriented culture, a learning organization, and improved educational quality. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that the barriers to innovation management in primary schools of Ahvaz city are various factors, and the sub-system of education and management should prioritize and address these barriers.

PRACTISING IMAM AL-GHAZALI'S MORAL CONCEPTS IN MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 2 MODEL PADANG SIDEMPUAN

<p>Abstract: Islamic education is a conscious effort that is planned to prepare students to believe, understand, appreciate and practice Islamic teachings. The purpose of this study is to describe the concept of morality in Islamic education. This study used a qualitative approach, the background at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Model Padang Sidempuan, the data sources in this study included primary data sources and secondary data sources, data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews and documentation. Observations are made to observe learning activities. Interviews were conducted with teachers and students. Documentation is used to find out the history of the school, vision and mission, teacher condition, number of students, school infrastructure, school geographical location and school organizational structure. In the technique of guaranteeing the validity of the data is used triangulation. While the data analysis technique uses descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that the concept of morality in Islamic education from the perspective of Imam Al-Ghazali at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Model Padang Sidempuan with four aspects, namely: 1) Faith Education 2) Moral Education 3) Aqliah Education 4) Social Education and the method of forming it by example, stories, punishments and rewards have been running and it can be concluded that with the implementation of the concept of Islamic education in the perspective of Imam Al-Ghazali, students become Muslim individuals who are pious, prevent themselves from lust, and have noble character, discipline, sportsmanship, responsibility, spirit of cooperation, and obedience to Allah and His Messenger, respect for parents and love for others.</p>

IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN SECARA DARING DI SEKOLAH DASAR ERA PANDEMI COVID-19

This study aims to describe the implementation of online learning, as well as identify the supporting factors and inhibiting factors for online learning in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic at SD Negeri Samirono. The research method is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The research subjects were principals, committees, schools, teachers, guardians of students and students. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the theory of Miles, Huberman Saldana. The validity of the data used triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the study show 1) Implementation of online learning in the era of the covid-19 pandemic at SD Negeri Samirono, seen from the aspects of (a) Communication, verbally and in the media, (b) Human resources for all components involved in implementing policies in schools, financial resources from government assistance in the form of study quotas, resources for laptops and wi-fi availability in schools, (c) Disposition, ready and committed, (d) The bureaucratic structure adjusts to the school's organizational structure. 2) Supporting Factors (a) high teacher commitment (b) quota assistance, (c) adequate school infrastructure, (d) flexible online learning. 3) Inhibiting factors (a) Inadequate student infrastructure, (b) limited quota assistance, (c) students find it difficult to understand lessons, (d) students are late in submitting assignments, (e) lack of parental assistance.

MANAJEMEN PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI SMP ISLAM TERPADU DAAR AL ULUUM ASAHAN

This study aims to describe the Management of Education Quality Improvement at the Islamic Junior High School Terpadu Daar Al Uluum Asahan. This research uses a qualitative research type, with a phenomenological approach. The research data collection is obtained by using observation, interview and documentation techniques. To check the validity of the data using triangulation techniques, namely credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Steps to analyze data using data analysis model Milles and Hubberman, namely reducing data, presenting data and then concluding. The results of the research are (1) Planning for improving the quality of education is carried out through meetings involving school principals, assistant principals 1 and 2, along with teachers. (2) The organization of improving the quality of education is carried out by establishing a school organizational structure and making clear job details or division of labor, then carrying out clear and directed work coordination and monitoring. (3) The implementation of improving the quality of education is carried out after the planning and organizing process. Principals, assistant principals, administrative staff and teachers have realized and implemented various planned programs, in order to achieve good, superior and quality education. (4) Supervision of improving the quality of education is carried out as an effort to observe, examine and monitor the quality of education so that efforts to improve the quality of education are being carried out in accordance with the predetermined plan, in order to achieve good, superior and quality education.Keyword: Management, Improvement, Quality of Education

Praise or Criticism? How Should Teachers Give Effective Feedback in the Classroom Teaching?

Tere are many factors that affect students' academic performance. Early studies emphasized students’ existing foundations, their own abilities (Stigler, Lee & Stevenson, 1986), family factors (Wang, 2015), school or class organizational structure (Angrist, & Lavy, 1999; Häkkinen, Kirjavainen & Uusitalo, 2003), cultural factors (Stigler, Stevenson, 2005; Geary, Bow-Thomas, Fan & Siegler, 1993) and other influences on their academic performance. However, the research on the influence of teacher factors has only received attention since the 1980s. Researchers explored the relationship between teachers’ classroom behavior and students’ academic performance, trying to focus on the teaching process (Lockheed & Komenan, 1989), teacher guidance (Brophy, 1988), teacher feedback (Gettinger, & Stoiber, 1999), Teacher planning and preparation (Peterson, Marx & Clark, 1978) explored the causes that can significantly affect students' academic performance.

KOMPETENSI MANAJERIAL KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU

This study aims to describe the managerial competence of principals in improving the professional competence of teachers. The object of research is the principal and teachers in one of the public junior high schools in Jayapura. The approach used is descriptive qualitative which describes explicitly the managerial competence of the principal in improving the professional competence of teachers. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation studies which were then analyzed and tested for validity using the triangulation method. The results of the study show that (1) the principal has carried out the planning function together with the teacher, namely preparing annual programs, semester programs, monthly programs, daily programs, and year-end programs. In addition, the principal and the teacher are directly involved in the preparation of the curriculum. (2) The principal carries out the organizing function by dividing tasks to each teacher according to their competences, the preparation of the school organizational structure always involves all competent school components. (3) The principal carries out the actuating function by motivating teachers for career development, ensuring the implementation of all planned school programs. (4) The principal carries out the control function by playing an active role in supervising and evaluating learning program. In addition, the principal supervises the teacher's performance and follows up on it.Keywords: Managerial competence; competences of teachers; Quantitative Research.