Schools In Iraq Research Articles

Challenges and Opportunities of Rebuilding Physical Education Programs in Post-Conflict Iraqi Schools in Iraq

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the challenges and opportunities of rebuilding physical education programs in post-conflict Iraqi schools in Iraq. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Rebuilding physical education programs in post-conflict Iraqi schools faces challenges such as infrastructure damage, limited resources, and cultural attitudes that prioritize academics. Safety concerns also create anxiety for families regarding participation. However, there are significant opportunities for development, including promoting holistic growth, engaging communities in program development, and collaborating with NGOs for funding and resources. Integrating physical education with other subjects can enhance student engagement. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Ecological systems theory, resilience theory & conflict transformation theory may be used to anchor future studies on the challenges and opportunities of rebuilding physical education programs in post-conflict Iraqi schools in Iraq. Develop and implement strategies for rebuilding and repurposing damaged physical education facilities using available resources. Advocate for the inclusion of physical education as a critical component of educational and post-conflict reconstruction policies.

The Effect of Task-Based Language Teaching On Speaking Abilities of Iraqi Intermediate EFL Learners and Their Attitudes Towards English

In the last couple of decades, language educators have focused on the development of communicative language teaching approaches, which emphasize teaching language through communication. Among these approaches, Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) has gained popularity, and it is believed that TBLT can contribute to the development of speaking ability among learners. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of TBLT in developing speaking ability among intermediate level Iraqi students. This quasi-experimental study included 50 individuals from a public school in Iraq. Students in the experimental group were taught using TBLT, whereas those in the control group were taught conventionally. The research data were acquired using two instruments of tests (pre- and post-test) to assess the students' speaking performance before and after treatment, as well as a questionnaire to determine their attitudes toward English. The validity and reliability of the study instruments were confirmed. The results of the research were analyzed using ANCOVA and MANCOVA. The data revealed that TBLT greatly enhances students' speaking abilities, and they have positive sentiments concerning its use in their speaking classes.

English in Science Education Significantly Enhances Student Achievement in Iraq

General Background: The influence of teaching methods in science education is critical for student achievement, particularly in multilingual contexts. Specific Background: This study focuses on the Al-Mutamaizeen and Al-Mutafawqeen secondary schools in Iraq, where students study scientific subjects in English and Arabic, respectively. Knowledge Gap: Limited research exists on how language of instruction in scientific subjects impacts English language proficiency and overall academic achievement among high-achieving students. Aims: The research aimed to identify the effect of teaching scientific subjects in English on the academic achievement of students in the English language, comparing students from Al-Mutamaizeen (studying in English) with those from Al-Mutafawqeen (studying in Arabic). Results: The study employed an experimental design and included a sample of 76 students from Najaf High School for the Distinguished and 80 students from Kufa High School for the Gifted. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in favor of the students who studied science subjects in English, attributing their success to the continuous use of English during scientific instruction. Novelty: This study provides novel insights into the direct relationship between language of instruction in science and English language proficiency, showing how integrating English into scientific subjects enhances overall academic performance. Implications: The findings suggest that teaching scientific subjects in English could be generalized to similar student groups to improve both English proficiency and academic achievement in science, particularly in multilingual settings. Highlughts: Language instruction influences student achievement in multilingual science education. English use in science improves language skills and academic performance. Teaching science in English benefits high-achieving students' overall achievement. Keywords: Teaching methods, English instruction, science education, academic achievement, multilingual schools.

Obstacles Facing the Implementation of Sustainable Schools in Iraq

Obstacles Facing the Implementation of Sustainable Schools in Iraq

An overview of education at middle and high schools in Iraq: A summary on the case of mathematics

This brief investigation dives into the landscape of general education and mathematics instruction in Iraq's middle and high schools to provide insight into many facets of the educational system. The talk covers essential educational themes by giving an overview of general education and mathematics teaching and learning, emphasizing the issues faced and untapped potential within the Iraqi school system. This review aims to delve into the complexities of the current condition of general and mathematics teaching in these institutions, offering significant insights that go beyond surface-level examination. This investigation aims to identify existing barriers and prospective areas for reform and progress. This results in a better knowledge of the dynamic elements impacting general education and mathematics instruction in Iraq's middle and high schools

Factors affecting the adoption of digital entrepreneurship: a survey of private schools in Nineveh Governorate in Iraq

Purpose This study aims to determine the factors affecting the adoption of digital entrepreneurship among the pioneers of private schools in the Nineveh Governorate, using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). The study seeks to address an academic problem represented by the low level of interest in the research literature on digital entrepreneurship. By contrast, the problem in the field is the failure of several entrepreneurial organizations, in general, and private schools, in particular. Design/methodology/approach The researchers chose the private school sector in the Nineveh Governorate, Republic of Iraq, as the field of study. The targeted individuals represented school founders serving as investors and entrepreneurs, totaling 154 participants. The deductive approach was used as the main research method, with the survey approach as a sub-method. A questionnaire was used for data collection, and the researchers used structural equation modeling software, SmartPLS. Findings The results revealed that constructs such as effort expectation, social influence, facilitating conditions, behavioral intention and experience are factors contributing to predicting the transition to digital entrepreneurship. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to bridging the academic gap identified in previous research and addresses the spatial gap by focusing on private schools in the Nineveh Governorate. It aims to assess the level of interest in adopting digital leadership within this context. Practical implications One of the most important implications of the results of the current research is the potential expansion of the use of digital entrepreneurship by understanding the behaviors of entrepreneurs. This understanding can have positive outcomes in attracting broad segments of society to engage in this type of work due to its low costs, low risks and the absence of the need for practicing licenses. Such an expansion could contribute to the establishment of digital pioneering projects aimed at reducing unemployment in society. Additionally, this study offers insights that can guide policymakers in the country toward establishing digital business incubators that provide a suitable work environment for initiating and supporting such projects. Originality/value The current study presents a unique contribution, represented by using the UTAUT, to identify the acceptance of digital entrepreneurship in private schools in Iraq. This can bring benefits to entrepreneurs and educational policymakers in the country.

Use of social media by dental students: A comparative study

ObjectivesSocial media (SM) use is key part of modern pedagogical practice. This study designed to compare online activities of undergraduate dental students from two dental schools in Iraq and USA to compensate for the lack of primary literature on SM comportment of students in third-world countries which acts as a barrier to increasing SM awareness within dentistry. MethodsA questionnaire consisting of 18 questions has been made to assess SM usage among students from Mustansiriya University in Iraq (n = 149) and LECOM School in USA (n = 210). Chi-squared test was used to analyze data. Results125 students from Iraq vs 156 from the USA had participated in this study with a response rate of 84%, 74% respectively. The null hypothesis was partially rejected as half the collected answers showed significant differences. The findings reveal that SM platforms popularity has grown throughout today's society as students are increasingly using them for their studies. YouTube and Instagram were well known to majority of participants. American medical schools began to recognize lack of policies on SM use early, but these have since evolved into their own guidelines. Nevertheless, Iraqi health care system is not yet aware of e-professionalism concept both in education and practice. ConclusionSM is part of modern pedagogy; however, students should be aware of information quality that they obtain from it which may not be referenced from credible sources. The null hypothesis was partially rejected as half the answers showed significant differences between Iraqi and American students.

Evaluating the leadership role of middle school principals in mentally stimulating physical education teachers according to the principles of transformational leadership

Tuition in mathematics and mathematics tuition in mathematics and math lessons in mathematics and mathematics.In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researchers prepared a special form for the purpose of measuring the assessment of the leadership roles of middle school principals and their effectiveness in the mental motivation of teachers in order to perform their duties well. For this purpose, the form consisted of (16) The sample of managers (82) after excluding samples of honesty and consistency from the final experiment of the questionnaire.The current research has reached:1. The principals of middle schools in Baghdad have a high level of mental stimulation for teachers physical education.2. The degrees of motivation for middle school principals working in the middle schools in Baghdad depending on the direction of motivation, whether moral or material.3. Principals of middle schools working in middle schools in Iraq are highly motivated towards external competitions.4. Principals of middle schools working in middle schools in Iraq have little incentive to take into acc

The Significance of Teaching English literature in Schools in Iraq

The teaching of English literature in schools in Iraq has been a topic of debate for a long time. While some believe that teaching English literature is not important, others argue that it is crucial for the development of students' language skills, critical thinking abilities, and cultural awareness. This article presents an analysis of the importance of teaching English literature in schools in Iraq, highlighting the benefits that students can derive from the study of literary works in English. The article also discusses the challenges that teachers face in teaching English literature in Iraq and suggests possible solutions to address these challenges. English literature is a valuable field of study that plays an important role in the development of language and communication skills. Despite its significance, English literature is often overlooked in the Iraqi education system. This article aims to highlight the importance of teaching English literature in schools in Iraq, and the benefits that it can offer students. The article presents a problem statement, objectives, findings, and a conclusion based on a thorough analysis of relevant literature and studies.

Exploring the Impact of Interlinear vs. L1 Marginal Glosses on Iraqi EFL Learner’s L2 Vocabulary Learning

This study investigates the impact of interlinear vs. L1 marginal glosses on the Iraqi Learning of vocabulary in EFL instructional setting. Along with all the efforts made during past 3 decades to improve the teaching of vocabulary via various strategies and techniques countywide, the classical grammar-translation method and its offspring are still widely used in most schools in Iraq. By analyzing the elicited data out of the management, treatment, and assessment of 92 pre-university students studying in two high schools in Iraq, the inquirer observed a reliable improvement of vocabulary learning in participants. To examine the effectiveness of the two glossing strategies, i.e., the implantation of L1 marginal and interlinear glosses, the results of pre and post-test of three groups were compared using One-Way ANOVA. We found reliable difference between the two groups in post-test vocabulary learning. Consequently, L1 marginal and Interlinear glosses both have come to make the learners understand L2 texts well, in comparison with the other group. Ultimately, Marginal glossing is more effective than the interlinear (text) glossing in the improvement of vocabulary development of Iraqi EFL learners.

Investigation of the next generation science standards including in the science book according to E-learn : analytical study

This article briefs educational, In recent years, interest has increased in including standards for the next generation in science books from (k-12), and the main goal of these suggested modifications is to match science instruction to current technological developments and support what students will need to learn in the future. by including NGSS in science textbooks. For the fifth grade of primary school in Iraq, our study analysis of the science book, using online questionnaires on primary school science instructors of the fifth grade before the stage of putting the analysis processes into practise. For this study, 40 replies from schools in waist City made up the data collection. According to the study, the majority of teachers lacked the knowledge and skills necessary to integrate the proposed standard modifications into the existing curricula and their lesson plans. Based on their assessments of the pupils' level of readiness, the teachers offered a number of recommendations.

Medical Students' Attitudes and Awareness toward Teaching and Participation in Formal Clinical Teaching in Iraq

Abstract Objective Clinical teaching is essential for the continuity of education of health care professionals. Developing teaching skills is highly required to communicate efficiently and transfer experience and knowledge to others. To our knowledge, medical students across Iraq did not give their perception of clinical teaching in a comprehensive way. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand our students' perception of clinical teaching and to learn from their responses what subtypes of clinical teaching they may desire the most. Materials and Methods An online survey was distributed among medical students in Iraqi universities between February and April 2022. Results In all, 2,562 students (1,567 females and 995 males) responded from 24 of 26 colleges of medicine in Iraq. The majority of responders were senior students. In total, 73.3% of our students had no previous experience in teaching. Those willing to work in a teaching or academic hospital comprised 84.2% of the students, and 1,563 students were interested in pursuing “clinical teaching” for medical students/residents upon completion of residency. Collective confidence in teaching abilities was rated as 3.4 out of 5. In total, 1,505 medical students felt they would be interested to have an elective period in medical education, and the majority voted for a 1-month period. Male students perceived more confidence in their variable teaching abilities compared to females (p < 0.05). Conclusion This is the first study among Iraqi medical students that revealed a desire to avail of a 4-week elective in clinical teaching and become incorporated within the undergraduate curriculum of medical schools in Iraq.

On the Impact of Teacher-Made Vocabulary Tests vs. Standardized Vocabulary Tests on Reading Comprehension Performance of Iraqi Intermediate EFL Learners

This study Investigates the impact of Teacher-Made Vocabulary Tests (TMVT) vs. Standardized Vocabulary Tests (STVT) on Reading Comprehension Performance of Iraqi Intermediate EFL Learners. After analyzing collected data out of treatment, assessment, and instrumentation, the researcher evaluated and interpreted the score obtained by 66 young Iraqi female students in two language schools in Iraq. The interpretation shows how the participants reacted to Teacher-made vocabulary tests as compared to their reactions to Standardized Vocabulary test. The crux of the matter was the degree to which such vocabulary tests affect the EFL learners’ performance in Reading Comprehension tests. The researcher reported that the use of Standardized vocabulary tests DOES play a significantly positive role in promoting the reading comprehension skills of Iraqi EFL college students. She also found that Teacher-made vocabulary tests DO play a significantly positive role in promoting the reading comprehension skills of Iraqi EFL college students. Finally, the researcher found that the t test value of 2.635 indicated a significant difference between the STVT and TMVT. This means that the use of TMVT is more effective than the implementation of STVT in encouraging Iraqi EFL learners to read more successfully.

The Impact of Contemplative Teaching on Fostering Iraqi (High) School Students Willingness to Communicate (WTC) and Speaking Fluency

This study investigates how contemplative education and teaching backs up Iraqi EFL learners to become more willing to speak in class. After data analysis and interpretation of the performance of 72 young Iraqi students in two language schools in Iraq, the researchers found how recruited participants responded to contemplative teaching strategies in their speaking class and developed a higher willingness to interact with their teacher and their cohort Based on the results, those students who received instruction through contemplative teaching did better than students who received the traditional speech program. Moreover, those students who had more communication skills proved to be more fluent than those who had less. Based on the results and the discussion of pre-test and post-test results, the willingness of students to communicate in questionnaires, analysis of student behavior and the classroom behavior of teachers, the researchers concluded that the reflective teaching strategies and techniques used in this study have a positive impact on student’s desire to communicate and speak fluent intermediate level language skills.

Construction of schools in Iraq during Seljuk era (449-590 / 1055-1194)

important aspets of cunstrtion in Islamic civilisation.Generaly saljuks were very interested in buildng schools.Iraq became spiritual life of muslims because it was the center of Abassid chaliphate.caliphs,sultans,ministters,scientist and women of high ststure had a pivotal role in building and developing  schools Efforts of each of the above mentioned expressed Islamic sects Nizam al mulk, the yread vizier of saljuks, played an important and effective role in building schools, and he also asked people to build more schools. The pluralism different religlous scholars and administrators about schools led to the influx of students and teachers from all over the islamic world to Iraq especially to Baghdad city since it used to be the center of science .    &nbsp

Evaluating the Computer Curriculum for The First Intermediate Grade from the Teachers' Viewpoints of Islamic Schools in the Light of the E-learning Requirements

In the context of the current study, were considered the methods of evaluating the curricula for the intermediate stage, and determined the E-learning requirements to be taken into account when preparing the scientific content for the curricula in general, and the computer curriculum in particular. The study is aimed to evaluate the computer curriculum for first intermediate grade from the viewpoint of computer teachers in the Religious Education and Islamic Schools in Iraq, during the academic year 2021-2022. In this study we have used the descriptive analytical, the study has included (68) samples of teachers, who have chosen randomly from the study community, which numbered (245) teachers and supervisors. We used the questionnaire as a research tool, that included (5) main axes, and included under it (53) paragraphs, which were judged and ensured its validity and reliability to infer the results, and was considered as a standard for the study. The study concluded that there is a weakness in the practical aspect of the computer curriculum for the first intermediate grade, and the lack of training activities in it, in addition to the shortcomings in its objectives that do not meet the needs of students. The study found a list of E-learning requirements that must be available in its components and used in determining the level of meeting the computer curriculum at this stage, with an indication of the strengths and weaknesses of the current curriculum. The study indicated that most teachers are not satisfied with the content of the current curriculum, which has been updated for more than 8 years.

Prevalence and Pattern of Skin Disorder among Primaryschool Children in Wasit Governorate, Iraq, 2021

S Skin diseases account for a large portion of the worldwide sickness burden and are among the leading causes of non-fatal disease. Where skin problems are one of the most prevalent organ-specific reasons for people to attend the primary health care center; they are common in various nations, although the spectrum varies widely. This study aimed to study the prevalence and Pattern of Skin Disorders among Primary-school Children in Wasit Governorate, Iraq, 2021. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from October to December 2022. A multi-stage, stratified sampling procedure was used to choose ten elementary schools in Iraq's Wasit Governorate, five in urban regions and five in rural ones. In the second stage, 40 pupils were chosen at random from each school for a total sample size of 400. Results: The current study involved 400 individuals; males made up the majority of the participants (55%), and more than half of the participants (52.5%) resided in cities. Skin problems were seen in 45% of people. There was a strong link between the occurrence of skin problems and gender. Participants with a father and mother who had only completed basic school had a greater incidence. Conclusion: The prevalence of skin disorders among primary school children was 45%. The gender, father education, and mother education significantly affected the prevalence. Viral, fungal, and bacterial infections were the most common causes of skin disorders.

Evaluation of First Grade Intermediate Computer Curriculum in the Light of E-learning Requirements of the Islamic Schools teachers’ viewpoint

Article focuses on methods of evaluating curricula for the intermediate stage, determining e-learning requirements when preparing the content of computer curricula. The study is aimed to evaluate the computer curriculum for first intermediate grade from the viewpoint of computer teachers in the Religious Education and Islamic Schools in Iraq, during the academic year 2021-2022. In this study we have used the descriptive analytical, the study has included (68) samples of teachers, who have chosen randomly from the study community, which numbered (245) teachers and supervisors. We used the questionnaire as a research tool, that included (5) main axes, and included under it (53) paragraphs, which were judged and ensured its validity and reliability to infer the results, and was considered as a standard for the study. The study concluded that there is a weakness in the practical aspect of the computer curriculum for the first intermediate grade, and the lack of training activities in it, in addition to the shortcomings in its objectives that do not meet the needs of students. The study found a list of E-learning requirements that must be available in its components and used in determining the level of meeting the computer curriculum at this stage, with an indication of the strengths and weaknesses of the current curriculum. The study indicated that most teachers are not satisfied with the content of the current curriculum, which has been updated for more than 8 years ago.

Applying Effective Software for Controlling Computers Remotely

Today, many educational institutes, labs, houses or organisations have their private Local Area Network (LAN), so they need to monitor employees, students in exams or machines which are working on the network. This paper aims to design and implement efficient application that can be used to track everyone who is working between 1-10 users (operating systems) on LAN network remotely; so access PC, Mac and Linux. In other words, it can monitor screens remotely, send a warning message and shutdown system. Including, it operates at low-cost, enables daily using in the services of all scales; and provide the network performance simultaneously. The implementation has achieved using Front end- JDK, JAVA language, Windows 7, 8, and10, Visio, Wireshark, Task manager, chart expert, Microsoft excel, ten computers, Ethernet & Wireless of LAN network, etc. This software has applied in real-world in students examinations at three schools in Iraq. As a result, this software eligible to allocate the task to clients to restrict them from misusing the resources. As well as, automates lab and monitor attendance with performance analysis.

Design Guidelines and Standards for Iraqi Schools - The Future Prospects

Educational facilities are among the critical functional types because of their role in preparing future generations to advance the wheel of progress. If these facilities are not qualified to perform their functions, then the educational process is negatively affected. Schools in Iraq suffer from many problems due to the inadequacy of educational facilities to meet the student’s needs as a result of the absence of comprehensive standards and guidelines for school designs. According to that, this paper aims to identify the deficiencies in the Iraqi standards of public schools. The paper relied in its methodology on a comprehensive comparison between Iraqi standards and a number of international standards and guidance of schools, then the analyses and assessment of some design criteria in a sample of Iraqi schools to show their compatibility with both Iraqi and international standards. The results of comparative analyses between global and local standards and guidelines revealed the limitation and shortcomings in the Iraqi standards. The paper found a wide range of design specifications the Iraqi school standards lack such as the norms of sustainability, safety, flexibility, comfort parameters, special needs, etc. The investigation of existing Iraqi public schools revealed their incompatibility with both Iraqi and international standards. The contribution of this paper is to provide a future vision to develop Iraqi school designs to meet the common requirements of international standards and guidelines for school designs during the conceptual design and building life cycle.