Budapest School Research Articles

Some reflections on writing the history of the IFPS

A knowledge of the history of psychoanalysis strengthens our understanding of its concepts. A specific characteristic of psychoanalysis is that its creative development unfolds in confidential processes. One way to remedy this ‘basic fault’ is extensive and intensive interviews with analysts. In earlier times, collections of correspondence between analysts provided such information. There is very little material on the International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) and its importance in the development of psychoanalysis. The first forums of the IFPS were published in Fortschritter der Psychoanalyse, whereas from 1992 onwards, significant papers have been published in the International Forum of Psychoanalysis. Although not bound to any specific school of psychoanalysis, the journal has been especially open to developments with roots in the so-called Budapest school.

Computer Society Connection

Hungarian Teen Wins Computer Society Prize at Intel Science FairDaniel Ratai of John von Neumann Computer Science High School in Budapest, Hungary, received a $700 IEEE Computer Society prize at the 2005 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. Ratai's project, Leonar3Do 3D for All, adds 3D and touchscreen functionality to an ordinary PC.Taulbee Survey PhD Numbers Rise in 2003-2004The 189 US and Canadian computer science and engineering departments who responded to a Computing Research Association survey reported a total of 1,032 PhDs awarded in 2004, representing an increase of more than 17 percent over the previous year, the highest number of PhD graduates in almost a decade.

Computer Society Connection

Hungarian Teen Wins Computer Society Prize at Intel Science FairDaniel Ratai of John von Neumann Computer Science High School in Budapest, Hungary, received a $700 IEEE Computer Society prize at the 2005 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. Ratai's project, Leonar3Do 3D for All, adds 3D and touchscreen functionality to an ordinary PC.Taulbee Survey PhD Numbers Rise in 2003-2004The 189 US and Canadian computer science and engineering departments who responded to a Computing Research Association survey reported a total of 1,032 PhDs awarded in 2004, representing an increase of more than 17 percent over the previous year, the highest number of PhD graduates in almost a decade.

Computer Society Connection

Hungarian Teen Wins Computer Society Prize at Intel Science FairDaniel Ratai of John von Neumann Computer Science High School in Budapest, Hungary, received a $700 IEEE Computer Society prize at the 2005 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. Ratai's project, "Leonar3Do 3D for All," adds 3D and touchscreen functionality to an ordinary PC.Taulbee Survey PhD Numbers Rise in 2003-2004The 189 US and Canadian computer science and engineering departments who responded to a Computing Research Association survey reported a total of 1,032 PhDs awarded in 2004, representing an increase of more than 17 percent over the previous year, the highest number of PhD graduates in almost a decade.

Book Review: Michael Balint. The renewal of the Budapest School, by Michelle Moreau Ricaud. Published in French by Editions Erès, Toulouse, May 2000, 290 pp.

Book Review: Michael Balint. The renewal of the Budapest School, by Michelle Moreau Ricaud. Published in French by Editions Erès, Toulouse, May 2000, 290 pp.

Epidemiological studies on adverse dieting behaviours and eating disorders among young people in Hungary.

Most results on the prevalence rates of eating disorders and related adverse dieting attitudes have been published in North America and Western Europe and there have been only a few pioneering surveys conducted in Central and Eastern Europe in this domain. The authors investigated the prevalence rates for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and related adverse dieting attitudes and eating behaviours among secondary school and college students in Budapest and Pécs in the second half of the 1990s. In the process of a two-stage study, a series of internationally approved tests were carried out as a screening examination and a semi-structured diagnostic interview was conducted. These techniques were also applied in a comparative study of a class of secondary school ballet students. Of the overall female sample, 3% revealed an anorexic disposition, but no actual cases of anorexia were detected; 25% of the ballet students corresponded to the criteria of simulated anorexia. In addition, 4.5% of the females and 0.8% of the males were classified as subclinical bulimics, whereas 3.6% of the females and 0.4% of the males could be listed in the category of simulated bulimia nervosa. The prevalence rate of bulimia nervosa defined by DSM-IV, which could be proved by the diagnostic interview, was 0.6%. Body ideal of thinness in young women has a significant effect on their self-esteem. The prevalence rate of adverse eating behaviours and bulimia nervosa in Hungary has been found to be similar to the scores published in the Western countries.

Sexual activity and condom use among Eastern European adolescents--the Study of Hungarian Adolescent Risk Behaviours.

While rates of HIV and STD infection in Eastern Europe are increasing rapidly, little is known about sexual behaviour, including condom use, among Eastern European youths. The Study of Hungarian Adolescent Risk Behaviours was designed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of adolescents studying in secondary schools in Budapest, Hungary. Students (n =3486) in a random sample of public secondary schools completed a self-administered questionnaire, including measures of sexual activity and condom use. Thirty-eight percent of students reported ever having had vaginal intercourse. Condom use by those reporting having had sex in the past five weeks was classified as consistent/every time (40%); irregular (25.6%); and none (34.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed positive opinions about condoms, fear of AIDS, and initiation of condom use by both partners to predict more frequent condom use. Implications for targeted AIDS/STD education and prevention among adolescents are discussed.

A Visit to the Budapest School

Within the past ten years, there has been a growing interest among American psychoanalysts in the work of Sandor Ferenczi and his followers, the so-called Budapest School. Several collections of essays on Ferenczi have appeared, while his correspondence with Freud and his Clinical Diary were finally published and translated. In this paper, I will give an overview of the historical importance of the Budapest School analysts, and then focus on three overlapping areas of their interest that have been and will continue to be particularly challenging. First, their exploration, stimulated by Ferenczi, of clairvoyance and telepathy, as these relate to the analytic situation, to transference and countertransference. Second, the mother-child dyad in the first year of life and the importance of trauma in early development. Third, the theory of psychosis.

Talking with Alan I. Leshner, PhD, National Institute on Drug Abuse Director. Interview by Brian Vastag.

BETHESDA, MD—Since Alan I. Leshner, PhD, took the helm of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) in 1994, the agency’s annual budget has nearly doubled, to $781 million, supporting much of the world’s research on the biology of addiction, genetic and environmental risk factors, and addiction prevention and treatment. Of the two dozen institutes that comprise the National Institutes of Health (NIH), NIDA is in a unique position. Addiction is, arguably, more politicized than any other medical issue, putting Leshner and his views under a spotlight. He is quoted almost weekly in major newspaper and magazine articles as the authority on the subject. Such visibility comes with a price, though, as Leshner has been attacked on all fronts—for being both too soft and too harsh on drug issues. Before joining NIDA, Leshner enjoyed a highly regarded research career, which largely focused on the biology of behavior. He has also served as acting director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and earlier worked at the National Science Foundation, Bucknell University, the Postgraduate Medical School in Budapest, Hungary, and the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center in Madison. He has a PhD in physiological psychology. JAMA: I’ve heard you say that one of the things you’d like to do is “change the national discourse” about illicit drug abuse and addiction. Does this mean making addiction more of a medical problem and less of a criminal problem? Dr Leshner: No, no. I am ferociously against polarizing the debate. I think that’s one of the terrible problems we’ve made with this issue. People say that it’s either a public health or a public safety issue. The truth is, it’s both. And it begins with a voluntary behavior: people choose to use drugs. I don’t call it morality, but I call it voluntary. And there’s no question it’s a medical illness and once you have it, it mandates

Neoclassical Sociology: From the End of Communism to the End of ClassesMaking Capitalism without Capitalists: The New Ruling Elites in Eastern Europe. By Gil Eyal, Iván Szelényi, and Eleanor Townsley. New York: Verso Books, 1998. Pp. vii+280. $35.00 (cloth); $20.00 (paper).Postsocialist Pathways: Transforming Politics and Property in East Central Europe. By David Stark and László Bruszt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

American sociology marked the triumphalism of the immediate postwar period with its emblematic “end of ideology” thesis. Class struggle for an alternative socialist order was ruled an anachronism because capitalism and liberal democracy could effectively deliver expanded freedoms and improved living standards. America was as good as it gets while “communism” was the despised, totalitarian “other.” Protagonists of the “the end of ideology”—the most famous being Seymour Martin Lipset, Daniel Bell, and Philip Selznick—had themselves started out as unrepentant socialists in the 1930s. Their drift toward complacency, culminating in 1950s “functionalism,” was itself overtaken by the successor radicalism of the 1960s, a radicalism that pointed to the seamy side of U.S. capitalism and the limits of its “democracy.” This revolt against the end of ideology and its concomitant “anticommunism” inspired such commentators as Ivan Szelenyi and David Stark in the 1970s and 1980s to develop alternative class critiques of actually existing “communism.” They reconceptualized communism in more positive terms as “state socialism,” pointing to its potentialities as well as its limits. Szelenyi came to his (new) class analysis of state socialism by joining critical sociology drawn from the West to the critical theory of the Budapest school, while Stark’s interest

The Theories and Studies of the Elite in Soviet of Post-Soviet Society

The aim of the article is to analyze the theories and studies of the elites in the Soviet and post-Soviet context. The author grounds the analysis on a view that the studies of political sociology, especially the elitology, depends upon the social context and the political regimes. The author attempts to differentiate the liberal schools in Warsaw and Budapest from the conservative school in Moscow and the periphery of the Soviet Union. She develops her analysis by suggesting that the legacy remains an important part of the practice of scientific enquiry.

The Tragic Success of European Psychoanalysis: "The Budapest School"

By the end of World War I the Hungarian Psychoanalytic movement was strong and deeply integrated into the cultural life of Budapest. The paper discusses how Budapest lost its growing eminence as a center of European psychoanalysis because of the political-social changes in Hungary in the year 1918?1920. The author examines the two waves of Hungarian emigration between the world wars, the first in the early twenties to the Weimar Republic, and then in the thirties, to the United States and Australia. These moves of important Hungarian psychoanalysts, account both for the destruction of the Budapest School and at the same time for its influence in other countries. The author highlights the outstanding role of the American Psychoanalytic Association in setting up the ?Emergency Committee on Relief and Immigration? and thereby saving the lifes of many European colleagues. America was open to European psychoanalysis and in return immigrants facilitated the development of modern psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. The influence of Vienna, Budapest and Berlin can be traced in the contemporary psychoanalytic culture in the United States.

Iron Status in a Healthy Population of Hungarian Secondary School Boys and Girls

Iron status was assessed in a sample of 103 male and 282 female students aged from 15 to 18 years attending secondary schools in Budapest. Using a ferritin model, in boys the prevalence of iron depletion, iron-deficient erythropoiesis and iron-deficient anemia was 3.9, 2.9 and 1.0%, respectively. In girls these values were 9.6, 8.2 and 2.8%, respectively. Males had better eating habits than females. Data for nutrients intake connected with iron status are discussed. The authors recommend the improvement of iron status by dietary means and oppose the indiscriminate iron supplementation.

From ISO 9000 to Total Quality Management, a rough road

Hans Ulrich Frehr studied Electronics at Technical University of Aachen, worked 37 years with Philips in different Management Positions. The last two were Plant Manager in one of its 22 factories and Corporate Quality Manager of Philips Germany. For 6 years he has operated his own consulting bureau, with emphasis on assisting introduction of TQM in companies. In addition he has lectured at the Technical High School in Hamburg, Technical Academy in Wuppertal , European Business School in Prague and Budapest, German Society for Quality, Euroforum and others.

Very-low-birthweight breech infants: short-term outcome by method of delivery.

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of mortality and morbidity of the very-low-birthweight infant (< 1,500 g) in breech presentation based on mode of delivery and birthweight. A retrospective chart review of 1,009 infants who were in breech presentation at the time of delivery between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1995 at the First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Semmelweis Medical School in Budapest, Hungary. Data collected included birthweight, mode of delivery, pregnancy complications and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Comparison of groups was made based on mode of delivery, and data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and chi-square analysis. For those infants weighing less than 1,500 g at birth, vaginal delivery was associated with higher mortality than for those delivered abdominally (73.8% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in survival for those infants weighing 1,500 g or more. Regarding morbidity, in those infants weighing less than 1,500 g, vaginal delivery was associated with a higher incidence of 1 min Apgar below 4 (21.7% vs. 5.2%, P < 0.001), a higher incidence of 5-min Apgar scores below 4 (11.6% vs. 1.2%, P < 0.001), a higher incidence of grade III or grade IV IVH (18.8% vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001) and a higher incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (5.8% vs. 0.6%, P < 0.05). There is an increased incidence of mortality and morbidity for the VLBW breech infant delivered vaginally. Cesarean delivery may improve outcome for these infants.

Very‐low‐birthweight breech infants: Short‐term outcome by method of delivery

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of mortality and morbidity of the very-low-birthweight infant (<1,500 g) in breech presentation based on mode of delivery and birthweight. A retrospective chart review of 1,009 infants who were in breech presentation at the time of delivery between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1995 at the First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Semmelweis Medical School in Budapest, Hungary. Data collected included birthweight, mode of delivery, pregnancy complications and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Comparison of groups was made based on mode of delivery, and data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and chi-square analysis. For those infants weighing less than 1,500 g at birth, vaginal delivery was associated with higher mortality than for those delivered abdominally (73.8% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in survival for those infants weighing 1,500 g or more. Regarding morbidity, in those infants weighing less than 1,500 g, vaginal delivery was associated with a higher incidence of 1 min Apgar below 4 (21.7% vs. 5.2%. P < 0.001), a higher incidence of 5-min Apgar scores below 4 (11.6% vs. 1.2%, P < 0.001), a higher incidence of grade III or grade IV IVII (18.8% vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001) and a higher incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (5.8% vs. 0.6%, P < 0.05). There is an increased incidence of mortality and morbidity for the VLBW breech infant delivered vaginally. Cesarean delivery may improve outcome for these infants. J. Matern.-Fetal Med. 6:155–158, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Very-Low-Birthweight Breech Infants

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of mortality and morbidity of the very-low-birthweight infant (<1,500 g) in breech presentation based on mode of delivery and birthweight. A retrospective chart review of 1,009 infants who were in breech presentation at the time of delivery between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1995 at the First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Semmelweis Medical School in Budapest, Hungary. Data collected included birthweight, mode of delivery, pregnancy complications and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Comparison of groups was made based on mode of delivery, and data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and chi-square analysis. For those infants weighing less than 1,500 g at birth, vaginal delivery was associated with higher mortality than for those delivered abdominally (73.8% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in survival for those infants weighing 1,500 g or more. Regarding morbidity, in those infants weighing less than...

Report on the nephrology summer school in Budapest, 31 May—1 June 1996

Report on the nephrology summer school in Budapest, 31 May—1 June 1996

Report on the nephrology summer school in Budapest, 31 May--1 June 1996

Report on the nephrology summer school in Budapest, 31 May--1 June 1996

Analysing Some Characteristics of Teaching Practice in Hungary

Summary Practicum as an essential step of teacher education knows several interpretations in the Hungarian experience. Among the various models, two are analysed here: (a) the traditional University Training school system and (b) a system based on partnership with several schools in Budapest. Though responsibilities given to mentors in the two models differ considerably, both show mentor's role as crucial.