School Children In Indonesia Research Articles

Smart Book Media Education on Preventing Dental Caries

Dental caries problems are experienced by most elementary school children in Indonesia. Lack of children's knowledge about preventing dental caries affects their behavior in maintaining dental and oral health. Efforts to prevent dental caries can be done by providing dental and oral health education to children through learning media aids, namely smart books. The purpose of the study was to see the effect of smart book media education on preventing dental caries in elementary school students. The type of research used was pre-experiment with a One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design. The sample was taken by random sampling, the sample size was based on the Isaac and Michael formula with an error rate of 5% and 37 elementary school students in grade 5 were obtained. The variables in the study were smart books and dental caries prevention. Smart book media has been tested and declared feasible by media experts and material experts. Hypothesis testing using Wilcoxon Sign Rank. The results of the study showed an increase in caries prevention behavior in all students (100%) from the aspects of Knowledge, Attitude and Action after being given education through smart books. Wilcoxon Sign Rank analysis showed that there was a significant influence of the results of smart book education on dental caries prevention behavior in the aspects of Knowledge, Attitude, and Action 0.001 (p < 0.05). The use of smart books as an educational medium has been proven to be able to increase dental caries prevention behavior effectively in elementary school children. Elementary school students become more aware of the efforts that must be made to prevent caries

Sex Education For Elementary School Children In Indonesia; Bibliometric Analysis In 2021-2024

This study provides an overview of the analysis of sex education trends in elementary school children in Indonesia for the 2021-2024 period using bibliometric analysis, aiming to identify research gaps that have not been widely studied and provide recommendations for further research. The method used is systematic literature review by utilizing Vosviewer as a meta-data analysis tool. Data was obtained from a POP search on Google Scholar 2021-2024 with the keyword "sex education for elementary school children", resulting in 107 articles that were then selected. The selection was carried out based on relevant themes, leaving 40 selected articles that fit the Sinta category and the highest ranking. The results of the study show that the trend of sex education research in elementary school age children has great potential to increase children's understanding of reproductive health and healthy social relations, and there is also an increase in research on this topic every year. This study recommends further research to develop an effective and applicable sex education learning model in learning activities in elementary schools.

Motor coordination in relation to weight status and age in primary school children in Indonesia

Few studies have assessed the relationship between motor coordination (MC) and body composition in children. This study investigated the relationships among obesity, normal weight, and underweight in 7- to 12-year-old children in Indonesia. The suitability of the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK3+) as a MC assessment tool was evaluated in 986 primary school children (485 girls, 501 boys) from Riau Province, Indonesia. All children performed four subtests: balance beam, jumping sideways, moving sideways, and eye–hand coordination. Weight status (underweight, normal weight, or obese) was classified according to WHO criteria for children 5–19 years old. Childhood obesity was shown to negatively impact KTK3+ performance (p = 0.001), with some tests affected by physical characteristics and the body’s coordination needs causing the most pronounced body mass index (BMI) effects. Motor quotient (MQ) was strongly related to age. The same MQ was seen in normal-weight children across age groups (p = 0.400). Meanwhile, the MC performance of obese children in the older age group (10–12 years old) was much better than that of the lower age group (7–9 years old) (p = 0.001). We found that motor impairments were present in 17% of normal-weight children and 28.1% of obese children. Our results showed that the differences in MC associated with BMI were more pronounced in older children. While longitudinal studies are needed to solidify these findings, they underscore the importance of prioritizing early motor skill development in obese children to promote their engagement in physical activity. Keywords: body mass index, motor coordination, children, obesity, age factor

Risk Factors for Dental Caries in Elementary School Children Aged 6-12 in Indonesia (Systematic Literatur Review)

Background: The highest prevalence of dental caries was in the group of children aged 5-9 years (92.6%), and in the age group 3-4 years was 81.1%. Unhealthy teeth and mouth can affect a child's development because the condition of the milk teeth will determine the growth of the child's permanent teeth. Caries are influenced by brushing teeth, how to brush teeth, consumption of cariogenic foods, knowledge, and possibly many other factors that can affect caries. Purpose: to review the collected literature on risk factors for dental caries in children aged 6-12 years in Indonesia. Methods: This study used the literature review method which began with searching research results in 3 databases, namely PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar with predetermined inclusion criteria. Results: The articles that have been obtained in this literature show that there are many variables in the process of dental caries in elementary school children in Indonesia. These variables are divided into several discussion groups, namely individual characteristics, parental characteristics, consumption patterns, dental and oral hygiene, socioeconomic status, and dental and oral health interventions. Conclusion: there are many variables selected to be risk factors for dental caries, but not all variables are proven to be risk factors for dental caries in elementary school children. This is because other factors make the hypothesis rejected.

Ensuring the Health and Safety of Indonesian School Children: Legal Protections in Snack Consumption

The health and safety of school children in Indonesia in the consumption of snacks in the school environment is an important aspect that needs to be carefully guarded. Ensuring that children receive healthy, safe, and nutritious snacks requires rigorous legal tools. This article reviews the existing legal framework and enforcement measures needed to ensure the health and safety of schoolchildren during snack consumption. While there are already regulations governing snacks, law enforcement, and public awareness in this regard remain a challenge. The government needs to improve law enforcement efforts by conducting strong coordination, strict supervision of food manufacturers, and providing counseling to parents and students on the importance of choosing healthy snacks. With strong regulations and effective law enforcement, we can ensure that schoolchildren in Indonesia consume healthy and safe snacks and support their proper growth and development for a healthier and more competitive young generation for the betterment of the nation.

Does School Gardening and Nutrition Education Improve Knowledge and Fruit-Vegetable Consumption Among Elementary School Students?

Background: Although scientific evidence has revealed the benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) for children, 96.8% of age school children in Indonesia and 70.6% of primary school students in Jakarta did not have FVC as recommended. Aims: to assess how Muhammadiyah Elementary School Students’ knowledge and FVC were affected by school gardening and nutrition education. Methods: Following 6 monthly program, knowledge and FVC were assessed by using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and knowledge questionnaire. Results: 1) There is a significant increase in students’ knowledge scores from 43.24 ± 14.24 to 70.31 ± 18.92 (P-value 0.000). 4); 2) The mean of FCV was elevated from 211.45±12.33 to 289.76±19.64, however, it was not statistically significant (P-Value of 0.058). Conclusion: Although knowledge has been improved following 6 months program, the FVC level was not dramatically enhanced. Future similar activities need to be done in a non-pandemic situation and should be lengthened into more than 6 months to portray a significant increase in FVC.

CHARTING (CHILDERN SMART ANTI SUNTING): INISIASI GERAKAN GENERASI EMAS BEBAS STUNTING DAN PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

The prevalence of nutritional problems among elementary school children in Indonesia is still high and prevalent. One of the nutritional problems, namely stunting, is caused by infectious diseases due to lack of Clean and Healthy Behavior (CHB). This service aims to provide education on various stunting prevention measures to create a stunting-free golden generation and improve public health. The sample used were elementary school children with a total of 67 children in 3 different schools with different activities. The implementation method consisted of several stages, namely, planning, field action in the form of socialization and demonstration, and the provision of pretest and posttest. The outcome of this activity is the improvement of knowledge and skills related to CHB as a prevalence of stunting nutritional problems measured by a questionnaire instrument (pretest and posttest). From this service, the community can provide education on anti-worm medication for children, the use of magnetic boards with replicas of various food examples and picture cards as learning media, the culture of consuming additional food besides daily staple food, and forming a clean lifestyle through dental, oral, and hand hygiene. The description of the data results based on the average pretest and posttest in the three sample schools shows an increase in knowledge related to nutritious and non-nutritious food and Clean and Healthy Behavior (CHB) in schools from 83% to 93% and Provision of Supplementary Feeding for School Children PMT-AS also increased from 82% to 100%.

Observational study: determinants for vegetable consumption among elementary school students in Indonesia

Background: The prevalence of obesity in school children has been increasing worldwide, including in developing countries such as Indonesia. Childhood obesity is associated with an unbalanced diet, especially the lack of fruit and vegetable consumption. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence vegetable consumption behavior in school children in Indonesia. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in eight public elementary schools in a suburban area of Bogor Regency involving 433 students from the fifth grade. Data collection was conducted from November to December 2018. Data on the students’ characteristics, knowledge, and attitude as well as availability of vegetables at home and at school were collected using a structured questionnaire. While, a 24-hour food recall was utilized to obtain information on vegetable consumption and overall diet. Data analysis was done using Chi-squared test and logistic regression. Results: The average daily intake of vegetables was 47.11 g, far below the recommend amount (250 g). Female students had significantly better vegetables intake compared with their male counterparts. The availability of vegetables at home and students’ positive attitude toward vegetables were also significantly associated with better vegetable intake. Logistic regression analysis showed that availability of vegetables at home almost tripled the likelihood of better vegetable consumption (OR 2.822, 95% CI 1.822–4.372). Additionally, availability of vegetables at school and positive attitude toward vegetables doubled the odd for better vegetable consumption, OR 2.2 and 2.1 respectively (p<0.005). Conclusions: Vegetable consumption among schoolchildren was very low compared with the recommended portion. Better vegetable consumption was significantly associated with sex, availability, and students’ attitudes. Vegetable availability at home was the strongest determinant influencing vegetable consumption among elementary school students involved in the study. Hence, parental support or home food environment is key in improving their diet quality to prevent obesity.

Implementasi Learning Management System untuk Mendukung Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan

Around 19.8 million high school children in Indonesia are currently studying under the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic. To prevent the transmission of the COVID-19 in the school environment, the Minister of Education and Culture has issued a circular letter regarding online learning and work from home, which requires all schools to implement the “Learn from Home” policy. This policy must be applied from the new semester of 2020-2021 and needs to be supported by a Learning Management System (LMS) along with the competence of all stakeholders. Moodle was chosen because it is free, customizable, and can be deployed in a dedicated server to be fully managed by the school. Implementation stages include requirements gathering, installation and configuration, testing, training, and evaluation. The evaluation noted some needs for the next program, such as simplifying the input process for quiz questions, exploring deeper features, and providing more informative tutorials.

Nuggets of lemuru (Sardinella Lemuru) fish durian seed flour to increase height of stunting in elementary school children

The prevalence of stunting school children in Indonesia, according to Riskesda 2010 is about 35%, 41.7% is found in rural areas, and 29.3% in urban areas. This study is clinical intervention, design of pre and post test with control group in public elementary school children 104255 Paluh Sibaji District of Pantai Labu - Deli Serdang District of North Sumatra Province for 4 weeks. A total samples of 36 children, consisting of a control and intervention group. The control group was given regular chicken nuggets, the intervention group was given nuggets of durian seed flour, each time giving nuggets 100 grams per day. Data analysis is used with t dependent and independent tests. The results of the study found that there was a significant increase in height z score (0.002) in the intervention group before and after the administration of nuggets of durian seed flour lemuru fish. There are difference significantly of height z score between control and intervention groups (0,000).

Rancang Dan Bangun Game Edukasi Anak-Anak Berbasis Android Dengan Unity Menggunakan Metode Game Development Life Cycle

Technology is growing with the times, relentlessly and constantly moving forward to make new breakthroughs in all aspects of life. The IEA report in the Study of Reading Literacy states that the ability of elementary school children in Indonesia is very low. Of the 31 countries studied, Indonesia was ranked 30th. Based on the explanation of the background above, the researchers formulated the problem in this study, namely how to design and build an Android-based educational game with unity using the Game development life cycle (GDLC). This research was conducted in August 2021 in 9/10 Ulu Village, Plaju District, Palembang with a sample of 10 children. The research method uses Action Research and application development methods use GDLC. The results of testing the game system with blackbox that can be operated smoothly and for the results of testing the feasibility of games with the results of 84.6% in the appropriate category, the results of development with Unity and GDLC succeeded in creating learning media based on android games quite well.

Factors Related to Behavior Handwashing Using Primary-School-Age Children's Soap on Rt's Covid-19 Pandemic. 008/Rw. 007 Bananas, Ciputat Timur in 2021

About 40% of the world's human population has no place in their homes to wash their hands with soap and water. The prevalence of handwashing behavior with soap for school children in Indonesia in 2018 was 46%. In 2018 the behavior of washing hands with soap in Banten Province in the group of school children was 44.5%. South Tangerang City has a prevalence of handwashing behavior with soap in school children in 2018 of 69.12%. This research was conducted to Factors Related to the Behavior of Washing Hands with Soap for Elementary School Age Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic at RT.008/RW.007 Pisangan, East Ciputat in 2021. Cross-sectional study design with 86 people as samples, the sampling done by total sampling technique. Data analysis used chi-square test (α = 0.05). Variables related to the handwashing behavior with soap are knowledge (p-value 0,038. OR= 3,4), facilities (p-value = 0,000. OR= 76,3), the role of parents (p-value = 0,005. OR= 4,5). While variables not related to handwashing behavior with soap are attitude (p-value = 0,132. OR = 8,1). Factors Related to the Behavior of Washing Hands with Soap at RT.008 RW.007 Pisangan, East Ciputat are knowledge, facilities, the role of parents. An active parental role is needed so that they can guide, teach and be an example for their children in good handwashing behavior with soap. There is a need for prevention actions such as the distribution of handwashing soap and pamphlets containing an invitation to wash hands and this activity is under the supervision of the Pisangan Health Center

Designing Educational Game to Increase Environmental Awareness

Plastic is a versatile material that is inexpensive and has the characteristics of being lightweight, strong, durable, anti-corrosive, with high thermal and electrical insulation properties. Regardless of the positive impact on economic development, it brings negative impacts on the environment. The amount of plastic waste, that continues to increase, pollutes the environment and ocean chronically. There needs to be a change in people behavior and awareness to reduce the use of it. In fact, raising awareness of the environment from the dangers of plastic waste is not an easy matter, but if taught since childhood, good environmental awareness and habits will be formed. This research tried to raise awareness among elementary school children in Indonesia of the dangers of plastic waste through an educational game developed using the Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC). GDLC consists of six phases: initiation, pre-production, production, testing, beta, and release. Strategy genre was chosen for engaging gameplay. Environmental awareness and knowledge on the danger of plastic waste were given integrally through storylines, gameplay, goals, and animated cutscenes. The results of testing at the beta stage on the respondents showed that 71.11% of primary school student respondents gained environmental knowledge.

Bee- and Wasp-Venom Sensitization in Schoolchildren of High- and Low-Socioeconomic Status Living in an Urban Area of Indonesia

Background: There is not much known about venom allergy in tropical regions. Here, we studied the prevalence of specific IgE (sIgE) and skin prick test (SPT) reactivity and reported sting-related symptoms, in high- and low-socioeconomic status (SES) schoolchildren living in urban city of Makassar in Indonesia. Methods: Children from high- (n = 160) and low- (n = 165) SES schools were recruited. Standardized questionnaires were used to record information on allergic disorders as well as sting-related symptoms. Parasitic infection, SPT reactivity, and sIgE to Apis mellifera (bee-venom) as well as Vespula spp. (wasp-venom) were assessed. Results: SPT reactivity to bee- and wasp-venom was 14.3 and 12.7%, while the prevalence of sIgE was 26.5 and 28.5%, respectively. When SES was considered, prevalence of SPT to bee- and wasp-venom was higher in high-SES than in low-SES schoolchildren (bee: 22.8 vs. 5.7%, p < 0.001; and wasp: 19.6 vs. 5.7%, p < 0.001). Conversely, sIgE to both venoms was lower in high-SES than in low-SES (bee: 19 vs. 34%, p = 0.016; and wasp: 19 vs. 38%, p = 0.003). Furthermore, among SPT positive subjects, considerable proportion had no detectable sIgE to bee- (65.85%) or wasp-venom (66.67%). Altogether the sensitizations were rarely translated into clinical reaction, as only 1 child reported significant local reaction after being stung. No association with parasitic infections was found. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Sensitization against bee- or wasp-venom is quite prevalent among schoolchildren in Indonesia. The discordance between SPT and sIgE might suggest the direct (non-IgE) effect of venoms in skin reactivity. Recorded sensitizations had poor clinical relevance as they rarely translated into clinical symptoms.

PROMOSI KESEHATAN MEMPENGARUHI PENGETAHUAN SISWA SD NEGERI

The Soil Transmitted helminths (STH) infection in the world were still relatively high. Indonesia in 2011, prevalence in Sumatera reached 78% and is estimated more than 60% of elementary school children in Indonesia suffered STH infections. The lack of knowledge about personal hygiene, environment, as well as that wormy infection made children easily got infected.This study was aimed to determine the effect of health promotion of the knowledge of students in grade 1,2,3 in siswa sd negeri 006 sei jang kecamatan bukit bestari kota tanjungpinang. The study design was quasi-experimental (quasi experiment) with pretest-posttest design group to 69 students in Agustus 2018. Health promotion was done with the lecture method and gave some leflet. Data was analyzed in univariate and bivariate analysis using the McNemar test. The results showed that there was an increased in knowledge after doing the health promotion, the p value = 0.001. Based on these results it can be concluded that health promotion can increase student’s knowledge in the effort of preventing the STH infection.

The English Camps as Method of Promoting Fun English at Elementary School Level in Indonesia

This article aimed to promote English in elementary school students through a fun learning method, called the Fun English Camp. Several studies had been conducted to encounter the best solution to handle this issue. The researchers used PRISMA Protocol as an instrument to collect the data that has been widely used in the process of selecting relevant articles. The researchers reviewed twenty five scientific publications, related to Fun English Camp that has become an English learning approach for beginner students. Through a review of twenty five scientific publications, for instance book and journal, the researchers got scientific evidence that introduction of a learning method with the term Fun English camp has an impact on promoting language learning for elementary school children in Indonesia. Thus, the fun English camp method can be an interesting method to be applied by elementary school curriculum design in Indonesia.&#x0D; Keywords: English Camps, Learning Method, Fun English Learning

Caries burden and suitability for atraumatic restorative treatment among schoolchildren in Indonesia

Objectives: Dental caries remains among the most prevalent chronic conditions in childhood and remains highly prevalent among schoolchildren in Indonesia. Globally, atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) has been used to good effect in the management of carious lesions among high-risk cohorts, particularly in challenging environments. However, in settings, where labor, time, facilities, and materials are particularly limited, strategic triaging of teeth suitable for ART restorations may be valuable to better direct public health expenditure. Therefore, this study aims to (i) describe the prevalence of dental caries among Indonesian schoolchildren and (ii) evaluate the proportion of lesions indicated for ART. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional cohort study of elementary schoolchildren from West Java, Indonesia, was examined and categorized according to Hellman’s dental development stages (Groups 1–4 corresponding to the early mixed dentition through to complete permanent dentition). Descriptive statistics and proportional analysis were conducted with the following variables being evaluated: Teeth with early caries (EC), late/advanced caries (LC), recurrent caries (RC), and total caries experience (TC = EC+ART+LC+RC). In evaluating the suitability for ART, additional variables of ART indicated carious lesions (ART) and lower molars with lesions indicated for ART (LM) were assessed. Results: A total of 437 children ranging from 8 to 14 years of age were examined. Out of 8882 teeth examined, 996 had active carious lesions and only 57 had received satisfactory restorative treatment. Children in Hellman’s Group 1 stage of development had the highest prevalence of EC (62%) and ART indicated caries (32%). Meanwhile, older children in Group 4 experienced the highest portion of advanced caries (15%). The proportion of lower molars indicated for ART was 87%, 76%, 70%, and 67% in Groups 1–4, respectively. Conclusion: Indonesian schoolchildren face a high burden of untreated dental caries from a young age. The younger the developmental stage, the higher the prevalence of early and ART-indicated lesions with the majority being found in lower permanent molars. Although ART and preventive strategies show the highest potential in the early mixed dentition, they alone cannot completely meet the dental needs of populations such as this where the severity and disease burden are extremely high.

Knowledge and behavior of elementary school children concerning soil transmitted helminth infections

Soil transmitted helminth infections (STHI) are prevalent among elementary school children in Indonesia. The nutritional impairments that an infection can cause have their consequences for the children’s development and health. This study aimed to determine children’s knowledge and behaviour in relation to the prevalence of STHI among elementary school children in Jepara, a rural regency in Indonesia. The study intended to evaluate the effectiveness of the current elimination program for STHI in this area. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 132 children from eight elementary schools in Mlonggo, Jepara. The research population consisted of children aged eight to ten years old. During September and October 2018, the research population was obtained by consecutive sampling. Information about the children’s knowledge and behaviour regarding STHI was collected using a questionnaire. Stool samples were collected to determine STHI prevalence. Analysis was done using chi-squared and Spearman’s rho tests. Out of 132 children examined, no children had STHI. Scores on STHI knowledge were most often low (51.5%), while scores on behaviour were mostly average (67.4%). Statistical analysis showed that residence was significantly associated with the level of knowledge about STHI (P = 0.007). Additionally, gender (P = 0.002) and a previous STHI (P = 0.041) were significantly associated with the children’s behaviour concerning STHI. This study revealed inadequate knowledge and behaviour concerning STHI in elementary school children in Mlonggo, Jepara. Even though the prevalence of STHI was 0% in the study population, a proper health education program to teach children about STHI is still necessary.

Smart Dental Card Game Model as An Effort to Improve Behavior of Health Care For Elementary School Students

Correct teeth brushing behavior in elementary school children in Indonesia is 2.8%, and in Central Java, 1.7%. The influencing factor is the lack of information sources, so it is essential to carry out dental and oral health education, "Smart dental card game model" provides learning to children through game methods so that the learning process is more exciting and enjoyable. To produce a gamification-based dental and oral health education model called "Smart dental card game model" to increase dental health maintenance knowledge and decrease the debris index score in elementary school children. Research and development (R&amp;D) and model trials using quasi-experiment pre-test and post-test with control sample design groups were divided into two groups, 28 intervention group students and 28 control group students. The dependent variable is the knowledge and debris index of elementary school students; the independent variable is the Smart dental card game model. The sample size was calculated by using the slovin formula. Data were tested using the interclass correlation coefficient test, Anova, Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney. The smart dental card game was appropriate as a guideline in the learning process to increase elementary school students' knowledge of 2,304 ± 9.07 and reduce the debris index of 0.419 ± 0.68 compared to the control group flipchart media and dental phantom. Smart dental card game is useful to increase dental health maintenance knowledge of elementary school students

Nutrition Education Intervention Increases Fish Consumption among School Children in Indonesia: Results from Behavioral Based Randomized Control Trial.

This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of behavioral-based nutrition education to increase fish consumption among school children using a raised bed pool. This was a randomized control trial study with a 3-months nutrition education intervention using a raised bed pool, as a medium to improve their internalization to increase fish consumption behavior. A paired t-test was used to calculate the difference in the increase of fish consumption, knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and intention. This study took place in a majority of low to medium urban households in Surabaya in Sidotopo Wetan I and Sidotopo Wetan II elementary school. Elementary school children at 4th and 5th grade and mother of elementary school children with 104 children were eligible and willing to participate. After the completion of interventions, significant improvement in delta-mean and effectiveness observed in attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, knowledge, and fish consumption (p < 0.001). The 3 months of nutrition education intervention based on the theory of planned behavior significantly increase fish consumption among elementary school children. The increased consumption was believed to be related to the increase in children’s knowledge and attitude towards consuming fish.