School Youth Research Articles

Inequalities in availability and compliance of school food programs in Canadian elementary schools

Abstract Background School food programs (SFP) are essential to promoting healthy eating in children. Canada lacks a federally funded and standardized SFP, resulting in a patchwork of SFP offerings. We examined SFP availability and compliance with Alberta Nutrition Guidelines for Children and Youth (ANGCY) in elementary schools from different socioeconomic settings. Methods Data were collected from 2 repeat cross-sectional surveys between 2008-2021: (1) REAL Kids Alberta (Raising healthy Eating and Active Living Kids in Alberta), a provincially representative population-based survey; and (2) APPLE Schools (A Project Promoting healthy Living for Everyone in Schools), a health promotion intervention targeting elementary schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged settings. School principals reported on availability and compliance of breakfast/snack and lunch programs with ANGCY. School-level socioeconomic characteristics included: Pampalon index (from Census data) and rural/small vs. large population centre (PC). Results Provincially, less than 50% schools offered breakfast/snack program. Lunch program was offered in over 85% schools. Over half of SFP complied with ANGCY by including 3-4 food groups (breakfast/snack: 62%, lunch: 52%). SFP availability in more vs. less deprived schools increased over time (2008: 25% vs. 26%, 2014: 58% vs. 40%). More schools located in rural/small vs. large PC offered SFP and availability increased over time (2008: 29 % vs. 18%, 2014: 56% vs. 46%). There were no consistent trends in compliance of SFP by socioeconomic characteristics. SPF availability and compliance in APPLE Schools improved from 68% to 73% and 53% to 68%, respectively. SPF availability was higher in more vs. less deprived APPLE schools (Y1: 85% vs. 54%, Y6+: 78% vs. 69%). Conclusions Higher availability and compliance of SFPs with nutrition guidelines in deprived and rural settings emphasize the critical role of SFPs in mitigating socioeconomic inequalities in healthy eating. Key messages • School food programs are essential to promoting healthy eating in children. • School food programs may play a critical role in mitigating socioeconomic inequalities in healthy eating.

Development of Engineering Thinking and Education in Secondary Schools of Russia and China

The relevance of the claimed research is determined by the insufficient knowledge of the development of engineering thinking and engineering education among high school students in Russia and China. The authors focus on the fact that recently in both countries there has been a literally “boom” in the development of engineering thinking and education in schools, starting from the initial stage and ending with high school. The purpose of the article is to identify and characterize the problem of the development of engineering thinking and engineering education among high school students in Russia and China. The authors analyze the main directions and describe a number of successful initiatives implemented in these countries that contribute to the successful development of engineering thinking and engineering education among high school students. Methodology and research methods. Analysis of scientific literature on the development of engineering thinking and engineering education among high school students, regulatory and program documentation and projects implemented in schools of the countries under study showed the importance of this area. Research results. The study confirmed that the development of engineering thinking and engineering education among high school students in Russia and China allows the younger generation to consciously make a professional choice and acquire motivation to study subjects of the natural science cycle. The development of engineering thinking and engineering education among high school students in Russia and China in the last decade has been under intense attention and support from the governments of these countries. A new system of technology parks is characterized, which contributes to the involvement of most of the school youth to a technical specialty. Conclusion. The study of the development of engineering thinking and education in secondary schools in Russia and China is of great theoretical and practical importance for preparing the younger generations for life and professional activity. The study of the positive experience of China can be important for understanding, enriching and the possibility of its use in domestic practice, taking into account the cultural characteristics of our country.

Peculiarities of the functioning of sports education departments at sports schools of Lviv region

One of the main factors that determine the dynamics of these indicators is the degree of development of organizations in the system of training sports reserves: children’s and youth sports schools, specialized children’s and youth schools of the Olympic reserve, schools of higher sports skills and schools of physical culture. Football is the most popular among summer Olympic sports, and therefore a popular sport in sports schools, and also the athletics has a fairly high level of popularity among children in Lviv region, that is established. Chess is the most popular among non-Olympic sports in Lviv region. The results of the study established that there are 2,257 educational groups in Lviv region, the largest number of which are groups of primary training. Such popularity testifies to the increased interest of children in these sports, both in the region and in the country, as well as in the world. The obtained results of the study will predict the direction of physical culture and sports interests and needs, as well as reveal the development trends of certain sports in the region.

School-based physical activity interventions: a discourse analysis

ABSTRACT School-based physical activity (PA) interventions stand out as a highly valued knowledge technology in relation to attempts to promote daily physical activity (DPA) among school youth. The purpose of the paper is to explore technologies of knowledge that guide school-based PA interventions in lower secondary schools and discuss their power-related implications. Foucault’s notion of discourse as the ensemble of regulated, deliberate, and finalised ways of doing things underpins the analysis of six school-based PA intervention studies that were identified in the literature between the years 2003 and 2021. The analysis concerned the scientific domain of the studies, their justification of school-based PA interventions, the purpose and results of the interventions, and problems with implementing the interventions. The analysis indicated a distinct narrative where researchers within medical science and psychology proposed that (a) young people's level of PA is too low and therefore they are increasingly exposed to the risk of lifestyle diseases; (b) schools appear as the obvious context for attempts to increase the PA of young people, for example through interventions; (c) contextual factors are often pointed out as significant for the success of the interventions, yet these factors are not systematically placed under the research magnifying glass; (d) few studies demonstrate any tangible change in student behaviour because of the interventions; (e) non-occurring behaviour changes are explained by contextual factors, or that school staff simply do not adhere enough to the intervention efforts. These results are discussed through Foucault’s concept of governmentality, that is, the integration of technologies of knowledge, power, and the self. It is concluded that the examined research gain function within a neoliberal governmentality where scientific knowledge aims to change the individual self, rather than to change the social structures in which individuals live their lives.

Associations Between Neighborhood Opportunity and Indicators of Physical Fitness for New York City Public School Youth.

Background: Fewer than 1/4th of US children and adolescents meet physical activity (PA) guidelines, leading to health disparities that track into adulthood. Neighborhood opportunity may serve as a critical modifiable factor to improve fitness attainment and reduce these disparities. We drew data from the Child Opportunity Index to examine associations between neighborhood indicators of opportunity for PA and multiple fitness indicators among New York City public school youth. Methods: Multilevel generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the overall and sex-stratified associations between neighborhood indicators (green space, healthy food, walkability, commute time) and indicators for physical fitness [curl-ups, push-ups, Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER), sit-and-reach] using the New York City FITNESSGRAM data set. Results: The analytic sample [n = 299,839; median (interquartile range) age = 16 (12-17)] was 50.1% female, 37.5% Hispanic, 26.2% non-Hispanic Black, and most (69.5%) qualified for free/reduced price school meals. Neighborhood indicators were positively associated with higher values of indicators for physical fitness. The strongest associations were observed between walkability and both BMI and PACER, and commute time with BMI, push-ups, and PACER. For example, walkability had the greatest magnitude of effects for BMI and muscular strength and endurance (BMI: β: -0.75, 95% confidence interval, CI: -1.01 to -0.49; PACER: β: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.59 to 2.37), and particularly for girls compared with boys (BMI, girls: β: -0.91, 95% CI: -1.22 to -0.66); BMI, boys: β: -0.56, 95% CI: -0.86 to -0.25); PACER, girls: β: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.68 to 2.54; push-ups, boys: β: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.12). Conclusion: Neighborhood indicators were associated with multiple measures of youth fitness. Continued research on neighborhood opportunity and youth fitness may better inform place-based public health interventions to reduce disparities.

Construct and criterion validity of the HEXACO Medium School Inventory Extended (MSI-E).

In this cross-sectional study we aimed at: 1) validating the observer (Obs) version of HEXACO Medium School Inventory Extended (MSI-E); 2) establishing convergent and divergent construct validity of the HEXACO-MSI-E; 3) establishing criterion validity of HEXACO-MSI-E. We administered the HEXACO-MSI-E, the Big Five Questionnaire-Children (BFQ-C), the Internalizing and Externalizing scales of Youth Self Report (YSR), some items of the 2019 Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRB) and some items about adolescents' values, beliefs, behaviors, and desired features of a possible future job to 1175 adolescents (Mage = 12.03, SD = 0.89) and the observer version of these measures (except for BFQ-C) to 854 parents or legal guardians. The factorial structure and the reliability of the Observer Report of HEXACO-MSI-E were confirmed. Convergent and divergent validity were successfully established with a version of the inventory filled out by parents. Convergent and divergent validity were also established with BFQ-C notwithstanding some only apparent anomalies. Criterion validity was established with respect to four specific groups of criteria collected in both self-report and observer form. HEXACO-MSI-E traits were more predictive with respect to self-report than to observer criteria and the majority were common. Together with the positive results of this study, implications and issues for future studies are discussed.

Changes in the Religiosity of Secondary School Youth in Poland. A Sociological Analysis

Wyniki badań socjologicznych dotyczących przemian religijności wskazują na głębsze zmiany, jakie dokonują się w tej sferze w ostatnich latach. Warto więc zwrócić uwagę na przemiany religijne młodzieży, gdyż mogą być one traktowane jako swoistego rodzaju barometr zapowiadający przyszłe trendy rozwojowe. W artykule została ukazana religijność młodzieży maturalnej w Puławach. Materiał empiryczny wykorzystany do analiz socjologicznych został zebrany podczas badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w latach 1994, 2009, 2016 oraz 2021, w tych samych puławskich szkołach ponadpodstawowych, za pomocą tego samego kwestionariusza ankiety pt. „Maturzyści a wartości moralne”. Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie badawcze, jakie zmiany dokonały się na przestrzeni blisko 30 lat w religijności ankietowanej młodzieży, jaki przybierają one kierunek, a także jakie jest tempo tych przemian. Do nakreślenia religijności młodzieży maturalnej zostały wybrane następujące wskaźniki: autodeklaracje wyznaniowe i religijne, praktyki religijne, zaangażowanie religijne.

Does Implementation Matter? Associations Between Implementation of Maine's Anti- Bullying Law and Bullying Victimization Among High School Youth

PurposeTo characterize the relationship between implementation of an antibullying law and bullying rates among high school youth. MethodsSchool staff (administrators, counselors, and teachers) from public high schools in Maine completed a survey assessing: (1) the frequency with which they implemented 17 components of their district's antibullying policy as mandated by state law; and (2) confidence in implementing the law. Their responses were linked to data on bullying victimization among high school respondents to the Maine Integrated Youth Health Survey, which created a population-based dataset of 84 high schools with 29,818 student responses. ResultsStudents in schools where administrators (adjusted odds ratio = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.97) and counselors (adjusted odds ratio = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.92) reported implementing more mandated components of the law experienced notable reductions in the odds of bullying, controlling for student-level characteristics (sex, race, grade) and for school-level bullying rates assessed prior to the passage of the law. With respect to specific implementation components, bullying was most consistently reduced in schools where staff reported increased referrals for counseling and other supports for targets of bullying and in schools where counselors and teachers were interviewed as part of bullying investigations. Students in schools where teachers reported increased confidence in implementing the antibullying law also had reduced odds of bullying. DiscussionThese data provide some of the first evidence that the efficacy of a state's antibullying law depends in part on the extent to which school personnel implement the law.

Gender Differences in Coaching Behaviors Supportive of Positive Youth Sports Experience

In the youth sports domain, few coaches are women, masculine ideologies permeate the culture, and coaching practices do not always align with behaviors supportive of positive youth sports experience. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in men’s and women’s coaching behaviors associated with creating positive youth sports experience, including behaviors that create a safe and fun participation environment, a mastery motivational climate, and autonomy-supportive coaching. A total of 219 youth and high school coaches across different sports in one county in a western state responded to the survey—29% of them women. Along with the overall dearth of women in coaching, we found differences between men and women in the types of coaching positions they hold and the behaviors they bring to their coaching. Female coaches were more likely to be paid, primarily part-time, and they were also less likely to have children. Using a multivariate analysis of variance, significant mean vectors were found between female and male coaches in the four coaching behaviors measured. Women’s ratings were significantly higher on individual measures for autonomy and safety. As the coaching field comes to better understand the approaches that lead to positive youth sports experience, these findings raise important questions about why women and mothers are not a larger proportion of the coaching landscape and how that might change.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Early Initiation of Alcohol Consumption and Smoking in School-Aged Adolescents

Introduction: Despite a constant focus on prevention of health-risk behaviors among adolescents and young people in many countries and regions, teenagers still show interest and engage in smoking and alcohol consumption. Objective: To study the prevalence and risk factors of early initiation of alcohol consumption and smoking in schoolaged children in order to substantiate and develop appropriate preventive measures to be taken in secondary schools of Yekaterinburg. Materials and methods: In 2022, we conducted an anonymous questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of 742 secondary school students in grades 8 to 11 (aged 14–18 years) living in Yekaterinburg. We assessed associations between the use of psychoactive substances, behavioral risk factors, such as daily routine, physical activity, attitude to smoking and alcohol consumption, health literacy, disease prevention habits, and psychosocial factors, and health. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-squared test and the Student’s t-test; odd ratios (OR) were calculated with the 95 % confidence interval. Results: The proportion of cigarette smokers and alcohol consumers among school-aged adolescents amounted to 21.3 % and 43.4 %. Among the risk factors contributing to early initiation of smoking and alcohol consumption, the most significant were bad relationships with adults (parents and teachers), lack of parental support, poor awareness of adverse effects of alcohol consumption and smoking, loyal attitude of parents and schoolchildren to the problem. The use of psychoactive substances correlated statistically with poor well-being of the school-aged youth. Conclusion: We observed lower prevalence rates of smoking and alcohol consumption in the adolescents compared with the 2000s. This problem, however, still requires preventive interventions. The established risk factors should be taken into account when developing school-based prevention programs.

Cossackhood in Contemporary Russia: Attaining Social Status

In contemporary Russian society, a transformation of the social structure is taking place. The formation of the Cossack social group is an important aspect of this process. The revival of this social group throughout the post-Soviet period has led to polarised interpretations, ranging from characterising Cossacks as "costumed" individuals to being bearers of Russian military cultural traditions in modern society. The significance of the social status of Cossacks is amplified in the face of modern geopolitical challenges and the Russian society's search for its own identity.
 The aim of this article is to determine the foundations of Cossack group formation and the expectations that, from the Cossacks' perspective, are necessary for the preservation and strengthening of the group. The methodological framework of the study is based on the ideas of actor-network theory by B. Latour. The empirical research hypothesis posits that the process of Cossack group formation has undergone several stages, from recreating elements of folk culture to implementing the historical Cossack service function into the life of modern society with blurred boundaries between social strata. The involvement of Cossack military societies in the Special Military Operation has influenced the adaptation of cultural patterns related to the Cossack service function. The hypothesis was tested using a mass survey through questionnaire methods in thirteen Cossack military societies. The survey results show that the majority of Cossacks, including some non-registered Cossacks, support the main directions of the State Policy Strategy regarding the Cossacks. However, Cossacks' expectations from the state include the adaptation of traditional Cossack military service patterns to the conditions of modern society and the requirements of military service. The readiness of Cossacks to move in this direction is evident in the formation of voluntary Cossack units participating in the Special Military Operation. Nevertheless, this grassroots initiative of Cossack societies requires state resources as the dominant actor in the Cossack revival process. These resources include the establishment of Cossack units in accordance with the tradition of Cossack military service within the structure of the National Guard, a different approach to the education of youth in Cossack schools with a stronger military component, and the re-establishment of traditional Cossack camps for regular military training of registered Cossacks, among other things. Such service activities by registered Cossacks will also require the development of corresponding preferences and privileges for registered Cossacks.

Everyday Representations of Authenticity: From Childhood to Youth

Authenticity is a personality trait, which implies loyalty to one's true self, correspondence to the personality, spatiotemporal life circumstances, and vocation. Three main paradigms of the interpretation of authenticity are compared - person-centered, existential, and agent paradigms. To study the dynamics of everyday experience of authenticity, an exploratory study was conducted on the respondents of three ages: primary school children (7–12 years old, SDage = 1.12), adolescents (12–17 years old, SDage = 1.62), and youth (18–23 years old, SDage = 0.92). Each group included 150 people and was balanced by gender. The main method was a research interview followed by a structured tabular thematic analysis. The interview included five thematic blocks covering the main manifestations of authenticity - authentic living, accepting external influence, self-alienation, behavior, and balance of social/individual. The results demonstrate the greater relevance of the existential and agent paradigms for describing the respondents’ authenticity. In all ages, authenticity was described as an initially social feature, stimulated by interaction with other people and manifested in it. The influence of other people was not considered by respondents as a source of selfalienation, regardless of age. The descriptions of authenticity become richer and more differentiated with age. In primary school children, authenticity is reflected weaker, and the state of selfalienation is recognized with difficulty. Finally, manifestations of authenticity are age-specific and closely related to the content of the developmental tasks of each of the considered stages. The results obtained can be used in further research and applied programs.

The Influence Of The Availability Of Alcoholic Beverages On The Drinking Habits Of Adolescents

Alcoholic beverages are all types of drinks that contain ethanol (C2H5OH). Consumption of alcohol hurts the health and psychological health of the drinker, even the impact of environmental damage. Alcoholic beverages among youth are increasing along with the development of information and ease of transportation. Ease of access to alcoholic beverages is thought to be one of the factors increasing consumption of alcoholic beverages in youth. According to the KPAI, supervision of the circulation of alcoholic beverages is still weak, so young people who are not old enough can access these drinks. The study aimed to determine how much influence the availability of alcoholic beverages had on the drinking habits of junior and senior high school youth in Kelurahan A in Merauke Regency. The research method used was Correlative Descriptive Research on junior high and high school youth in Kelurahan A in Merauke Regency. The results of this study indicate that based on the results of bivariate analysis using the results of the chi-square (x²) statistical test, with a CI = 95% (α = 5%), a value of p = 0.000 is obtained. This suggests that the availability of alcoholic beverages affects the drinking habits of junior and senior high school youth in Kelurahan A in Merauke Regency because it has a p-value <0.05. The results of the linear regression analysis test showed that the variable that had the most influence on the habit of drinking alcoholic beverages in junior high and high school youth was the availability of alcohol because it had the highest odds ratio of 2.184. This means that the availability of alcohol has a probability of 2.

Dramatic Reductions in Cigarette Smoking Prevalence among High School Youth from 1991 to 2022 Unlikely to Have Been Undermined by E-Cigarettes.

There is concern that youth e-cigarette use could lead youth to initiate cigarette smoking. This study identifies epochs of cigarette smoking among U.S. high school students in three commonly utilized national school-based surveys over three decades without a priori assumptions. We examined trends in ever and current cigarette smoking among high school youth from 1991 to 2022 in three datasets: Monitoring the Future (MTF), the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (NYRBS) and the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) via Joinpoint regression. High stable rates of ever smoking were noted from 1991 to 1999 (NYRBS and MTF) and then significantly declined from 1999 to 2013; declines accelerated through to 2022. In the NYTS, ever cigarette smoking significantly declined from 1999 to 2018 and then declines accelerated to 2022. Current cigarette smoking reached its peak in 1997, and then significantly declined from 1997 to 2013 in the NYRBS and MTF and similarly in the NYTS from 1999 to 2018. Declines in current smoking then accelerated in all surveys through to 2022. These findings suggest dramatic successes in reducing youth smoking since the late 1990s, with more rapid declines in prevalence in the past decade.

Exploring the Acceptability of an Environmental Education Program for Youth in Rural Areas: ECOCIDADANIA Project

Background: There has been a growing interest in environmental education programs to improve environmental awareness and behavior change among school-aged youth. Yet, assessment of the approaches aligned with citizen science principles emphasizing community participation and empowerment is scarce. The present study aimed to explore the acceptability of the “ECOCIDADANIA” environmental education program targeted at youth in rural areas. Methods: The program was applied for two years in the municipality of Gouveia, and it involved nature walks methodologies combined with citizen science. A total of 107 students participated in the program. Eighteen participants (13 youth and 5 teachers) were selected as key informants, and semistructured interviews were conducted to assess the appropriateness of the intervention and the perceived benefits. Results: The program was demonstrated to be acceptable to youth and teachers, and its benefits included increasing students’ knowledge, skills and self-efficacy, discovering the territory, promoting environmental awareness, strengthening social relationships between peers and educators, and contributing to the promotion of individual and collective well-being. All the participants were satisfied with the program’s activities and recommend its continuation in the school context. Conclusions: Programs of this nature could foster environmental activism and enhance environmental sustainability at the local level, which reinforces the entrepreneurship profile of the youth.

THE PREVALENCE OF IDENTITY CRISIS AMONG YOUTHS AND SOCIAL WORKER INTERVENTION IN IKENNE LGA OF OGUN STATE

Identity crisis has become a global concern in recent years. Several authors have researched around the subject in the field of psychology, social works and public health. Currently, several studies are being conducted to discover new methods to handle the issue of identity crisis especially among youths in secondary schools. As a result, this paper appraises prevalence of identity crisis among youths in Ikenne Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The paper adopted correlational survey design to appraise the pattern of relationship between self-efficacy, parental supports, peer influence, internet usage and sense of identity among youths. The paper studied two hundred and sixty youths (121 Males and 139 Females) between 15-25 years (x = 13.05 and SD = 14.2) were drawn from youths in Ikenne LGA using simple random sampling technique in four stages. Results showed that youth sense of identity has negative relationship with self-efficacy (r = -.441 and p<.05) and positive relationship with peer influence (r = .253 and p<.05). The was no significant relationship with parental supports and internet usage on identity crisis. Multiple regression analysis showed that independent variables contributed 21% of the variance in youth’s identity crisis. Self-efficacy was most potent (? = -409; t (258) = .6963; p<0.05) contributing in predicting identity crisis. The paper concluded that identity crisis is mostly prevalent among the youths in Ikenne due to parental neglect as a result of busy schedule at work. Also, social workers are suitable intermediaries between youths who have lost their identity and their self-discovery. The paper recommends that secondary school administration in Ikenne LGA should make efforts toward educating their students in aspect managing frustration and lack of concentration which are identified behaviours that affect the youths. Social workers should educate parents and caregivers on the causes and effects of identity crisis in other to help reduce the rate of occurrence among the youths.

Peculiarities of Organization and Efficiency of the Educational Process Under Martial Law

Objective: The object of the research is the objective reality of analysis and assessment of the sphere of the educational process in conditions of uncertainty and loss of control over this process. The subject of the research is the specificity of the organization and the level of effectiveness of the educational process in the conditions of the martial law of Ukraine.
 
 Theoretical framework: Many scientific works have been devoted to the problem of organizing the educational process in conditions of force majeure and armed conflict in particular, as well as to the derivative issues (Caplan, 2018), (Jennings, 2001), (Pet’ko, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2020), (Kotiak, 2011), (Lysenko, 2009), (Mazur, 2010), (Miniailova, 2022), (Morze, 2010), (Olshanska, 2016), (Prybylova, 2013), (Riabchun, 2021), (Sviezhentsev, 2015), (Skrypnyk, 2005), (Shevchuk, 2022), (Semenets-Orlova, 2022), (Akimova et. al., 2022). A study was conducted based on Ukrainian universities about distance education during the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic (Bakhov, I., Opolska, N., Bogus, M., Anishchenko, V. & Biryukova, Y., 2021), based on which it was proposed application of open and specialized geoinformation systems of education for students and postgraduates (Iatsyshyn, A., Iatsyshyn, A., Kovach, V., Zinovieva, I., Artemchuk, V., Popov, O., ... Turevych, A., 2020).
 
 Method: Researching the problems of the educational process under martial law is a rather specific activity and requires a specialized, non-traditional approach. This is due to numerous factors that are peculiar and relatively "new". Therefore, the methodological basis is the descriptive approach, which has the character of a description in revealing the regularities of the phenomenon, and the condition of the research is the laboratory approach. In general, the research is public and nationwide. And the main method is the method of non-formalized (traditional) analysis of documents directly related to education, and this is a qualitative method.
 Results and conclusion: In terms of the efficiency of school youth's acquisition of knowledge, the state of war undoubtedly significantly lowered the level. However, solely at the expense of valid teachers who remained in Ukraine and conducted classes in the region of unfavorable conditions and self-awareness of students in general, the effectiveness of teaching and the Ministry of Education and Culture only ensured the maintenance of such effectiveness.
 
 Implications of the research: The study's findings have several implications for the field of analysed issue. It emphasizes the importance of school youth's acquisition of knowledge, the state of war undoubtedly significantly lowered the level. This can help them develop the necessary skills and knowledge to handle various crisis situations effectively.
 
 Originality/value:This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by specifically focusing on organization and efficiency of the educational process under martial law. It offers insights into the practical aspects of the issue and provides valuable perspectives from both future specialists and their educators.

The role of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in passive suicide ideation among Latinx and Black youth.

The interpersonal theory of suicide (IPTS) is used to evaluate suicide risk. Yet, it has not been sufficiently tested with ethnoracially minoritized youth. This study aimed to test whether thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB) were associated with passive suicide ideation (SI) among Latinx and Black youth. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study. Some youth participants were recruited from an ongoing NIMH study of depressed Black youth in schools (N = 20). The rest were participants in a supplemental study of non-depressed Latinx and Black youth in community agencies (N = 61). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between passive SI and the IPTS constructs. Most participants identified as male (63.5%) and Latinx (59.5%), mean age 15.23 (SD = 1.4). Only TB remained significant when adjusting for age and gender, even after adding a measure of depression symptoms as a covariate. Notably, the interaction term (TBXPB) was not significantly associated with increased odds of passive SI in this sample. These findings confirm the importance of examining the IPTS constructs and their relationship to passive SI in diverse populations. The relationship between TB and SI in Latinx and Black youth suggests it may be an important target for suicide prevention.

Developmentally specified characterization of the irritability spectrum at early school age: Implications for pragmatic mental health screening.

Developmentally specified measures that identify clinically salient irritability are needed for early school-age youth to meaningfully capture this transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. Thus, the current study modeled the normal:abnormal irritability spectrum and generated a clinically optimized screening tool for this population. The irritability spectrum was modeled via the youth version of the Multidimensional Assessment Profile Scales-Temper Loss Scale (MAPS-TL-Youth) in children (n=474; 6.0-8.9years) using item response theory (IRT). Both cross-cutting core irritability items from the early childhood version and new developmentally specific items were included. Items uniquely associated with impairment were identified and used to derive a brief, clinically optimized irritability screener. Longitudinal data were then utilized to test the predictive utility of this clinically optimized screener in preadolescence (n=348; 8.0-12.9years). Most children exhibit irritability regularly, but daily occurrence was rare. Of the top 10 most severe items from the IRT analyses, 9 were from the developmentally specific items added for the MAPS-TL Youth version. Two items associated with concurrent impairment were identified for the clinically optimized irritability screener ("Become frustrated easily" and "Act irritable"). The MAPS-TL-Youth clinically optimized screener demonstrated good sensitivity (69%) and specificity (84%) in relation to concurrent DSM 5 irritability-related diagnoses. Youth with elevated scores on the screener at early school age (ESA) had more than 7x greater odds of irritability-related psychopathology at pre-adolescence. The MAPS-TL-Youth characterized the developmental spectrum of irritability at ESA and a clinically optimized screener showed promise at predicting psychopathology risk. Rigorous testing of clinical applications is a critical next step.

A causal analysis of school exclusions and youth custody using administrative data and a bit of luck

A causal analysis of school exclusions and youth custody using administrative data and a bit of luck