School Of Journalism Research Articles

Editorial

This is the second issue of the Open Schools Journal for Open Science created an interest in the education community in Greece and in other European countries. The organisers of the Student Conference on Research and Science that took place in Greece in 2018 after the success of presenting the conference’ findings of their first conference expressed again their interest to present the valuable work that has been presented during the 2nd Student Conference on Research and Science. This is the first of a series of four issues which will be published until July 2020 and it contains 22 articles written by students from across Greece in collaboration with their teachers/mentors. Have a look at the welcome note from the programme committee of the conference.All articles in this special issue are written in Greek.

Newspaper's apology to students shows ignorance of FERPA

It was November 12 last year, about noon. I was putting the wraps on my February 2020 column when I heard the news that the editors of The Daily Northwestern, an independent newspaper located on Northwestern University's campus, had apologized to the student demonstrators who had protested the on‐campus appearance of former Attorney General Jeff Sessions. The Daily, as it is more commonly known, provides news coverage for the university and the surrounding Evanston, Illinois, community. Although the newspaper is independent of the university, its employees are Northwestern undergraduates. Many are students at NU's Medill School of Journalism. Its offices are located on the third floor of the Norris University Center on the Evanston campus.

Collaborative, Open, Mobile: A Thematic Exploration of Best Practices at the Forefront of Digital Journalism

Based on interviews with 72 data journalists, web developers, interactive graphics editors, and project managers in leading digital newsrooms around the world, this paper spotlights common processes, workflows, and tools used in the creation of stories. Beset by cyclical and secular market pressures and presented with a dizzying array of new technologies for news gathering, publishing, and distribution, news media has undergone a sustained period of upheaval. These interviews, conducted through the Storybench project at Northeastern University’s School of Journalism, offer a uniquely comprehensive and up-to-date snapshot of news production and design practices. They also suggest that three key areas of emphasis have begun to emerge from the tumult. These include: highly networked, team-based collaboration; an ethos of open-source sharing, both within and between newsrooms; and mobile-driven story presentation.

“Media dictionary” as an instrument of national language consciousness study

The purpose of the research is the presentation of a new lexical graphic product, the idea of which is developed by the initiative group of scientists from the High school of journalism and mass communications in St. Petersburg State University. Nowadays there is a wide range of scientific researches devoted to the national language worldview. But there has not yet been an attempt of systematic fixation and linguistic analysis of word complex, building such a part as media view. Meanwhile, modern media are trend-setters for both the language sphere and the mental field. “Media dictionary”, as we believe, is called to, firstly, create a register of words which may be considered the key ones for this moment; secondly, reveal the semantic changes, happening to these words in media discourse; thirdly, follow the further life of the key words in the language. Such work is of a certain interest for completely different reading groups: casual consumers of media content, students of philology and journalism, those who study Russian as a foreign lan-guage, journalists to correct their speech behaviour. But most of all our edition is addressed to the scientific society, because it is meant to become an irreplaceable instrument for studying the cur-rent condition of the language worldview, to reflect the contemporary stage of the thinking history, to fix the last dynamic processes in the lexical system. We find it important to create the dictionary edition in the interactive form, which is correlated to the character of the dictionary: key words are very dynamic and changeable units. The work contains the project of the dictionary article, which helps to present the future lexical graphic edition.

Invited Lecture 8: Innovation and Exponential Technologies in the Era of COVID 19

Brief Biosketch Prof. Mary Hrachoohi Boghosian did her PhD in “Physics of Magnetic Materials” from the University of London, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, England, and MBA in “Innovation, Technology Planning and Management” from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), School of Management and Technology, Troy, New York. She is working as Adjunct Professor at the American University of Armenia (AUA) and the California State University of Los Angeles (USA). She is also a visiting professor at the Yerevan State University, School of Journalism initiating and teaching a postgraduate-level course on the “Essentials of Creative Thinking”. She spent 16 years working for NASA and the Aerospace Companies leading NASA projects and studies as well as developing the first-ever cost estimation methodology for costing very small satellites. Dr Boghosian is the author of more than forty publications and two inventions on space-related sensors and actuators. She is a recipient of several NASA technology achievement awards. In highly competitive economies, technology advancements move at an exponential pace leading to rapid change in innovation. Covid-19 has reshaped the global scientific and technological community through urgency for sharing information in research and technology development. COVID 19 has also shaped business commercialization and consumer behaviour allowing faster response and new infrastructure for technology and business development. In the midst of all this, exponential technologies supported by disruptive digitization allow companies to create their own innovation processes allowing cross industries and break down barriers. We will discuss the exponential technologies and the disruptive digitization process leading to new innovations and digital society and economy.

Journalism or Public Relations? Coverage of Sports Teams in High School Journalism Programs

Just as professional sports reporters are often embedded with teams, high school sports journalists have to go to class with the athletes they cover. However, high school reporters lack the expertise of professionals, leading to an examination about whether high school media coverage of sports is more like public relations or objective journalism. In a survey of high school media advisers, the scholastic sports coverage was found to be a trade-off between objective journalism and positive public relations produced by students— who, either way, gain valuable skills— for students.

Dynamics of journalistic education in regional Kazakhstani universities: based on 2015-2018

The new millennium has led to significant changes in journalism and journalism education. Of course, this affected not only journalism, but also almost all areas of the social sciences. The first reason for this is the technological boom over the past 20 years. With the transition from analog to digital, the old-fashioned practice of journalism has been disrupted. As people or consumers live in a digital world, journalism education needs to evolve and, in some cases, train professionals for the future. This can only be done as a result of the joint efforts of teachers, students and journalists. And this result is directly related to the educational programs of educational institutions. Therefore, the study of subjects in curricula, their learning objectives and learning outcomes is relevant. Many foreign and domestic scientists have conducted a number of studies in this area. Previous studies were conducted by questioning students, teachers and practicing journalists or by comparing domestic journalism education programs with foreign ones. Some studies have also been devoted to journalism and journalism education from a political science perspective. Main objectives of research are: 1) to study and determine the dynamics of the development of modular curricula of higher education institutions, i.e. 4 year study program; 2) conducting in-depth interviews with four teachers who contributed to the creation and establishment of regional journalism schools, as well as with graduates of four selected higher education institutions; 3) study of the received programs and applications for the diploma using the method of encoding objects. As a result, the following indicators can be noted: the dynamics and changes in the development of journalism education programs in regional universities are determined; there is reason to say that they are developing in accordance with the requirements of the time, the needs of the labor market and the domestic policy of the state; in regional universities far from central cities, there is a lack of specialists in the teaching of professional disciplines and, accordingly, the uniformity of the content of other subjects. This study can be used by faculties and departments that teach journalism in developing their own programs, in identifying gaps between practical journalism and theoretical journalism, as well as in pro-moting basic research in journalism education.

The comparison of the method of harpsichord teaching included in the textbook by Jean Nandi entitled "Starting on the Harpsichord" with the principles of the present core curriculum for primary music schools

The article touches on the comparison of the method of teaching included in the book entitled Starting on the Harpsichord by Jean Nandi with the principles of the present core curriculum for primary music schools in harpsichord classes. The book is one of not many available teaching materials related to harpsichord playing. The publication is aimed at comparing the topics presented in the textbook with the guidelines set out by the Minister of Culture and National Heritage. The article also includes a short description written by the author and a presentation of the content of the textbook plus selected teaching methods. The textbook as such, apart from the topics connected with harpsichord playing, also covers basic topics in the theory of music. It is written using a very simple and understandable language accessible to young students and persons who would translate it into their mother tongues. The article has a chart which clearly shows that the elements determined by the core curriculum are present in the book Starting on the Harpsichord. The content of the article and its illustration and music examples will help readers to familiarise themselves with the content of the textbook and with the learning aims related to harpsichord playing set out in the Ordinance of the Minister of Culture and National Heritage of 6 September 2017 on the core curricula for education in artistic professions at public artistic schools (Journal of laws of 2017 item 1793). The text is addressed to people interested in harpsichord playing methodology, especially to students and young teachers searching for interesting and simple practice materials and music examples which can be used for working with beginners learning the harpsichord.

Teaching Collegiate Journalists How to Cover Traumatic Events Using Moral Development Theory

The authors make the argument that trauma journalism should be taught as part of the postsecondary curriculum in journalism schools. As part of that education, students will learn that coping with the psychological effects of repeated exposure to such events can have long-term impacts on their mental health. As Kohlberg and Rest found, students in college are at a pivotal point in their moral development. Education takes place as adolescents are developing key psychological skills, including moral and ethical decision-making. Collegiate journalists should be gaining these valuable reasoning skills as it relates to covering traumatic events.

‘Datafication and Its Implications for Digital Citizenship.’ A Report on Dr Arne Hintz’s Seminar, ‘Digital Citizenship in a Datafied Society’ by NINSO

The seminar on ‘digital citizenship in a datafied society’ illustrates an elaboration on the concept of digital citizenship, which is challenged in recent times by contemporary governance on the collection and analysis of personal data. Dr Arne Hintz’s seminar underlines a clear shift in the understanding of digital citizenship, based on the relevance of big data analytics in the public and private sector, acknowledging the challenges the increasing datafication brings to social justice. ‘Data justice’, being a nascent concept in academic debate, is a part of the pioneering work conducted by the Data Justice Lab research group at the Cardiff School of Journalism, Media and Culture, that intend to advance research through the lens of the developments and implications of social justice in the age of datafication.

Ross Stevens and Uni Tavur: A Kiwi publishing legacy among wantoks

A pilot training project for Papua New Guinean journalists in New Zealand in 1974 ended as a failure. This led to a five-year New Zealand Government aid scheme to establish the South Pacific's first journalism school at the national University of Papua New Guinea in 1975. New Zealand journalist and broadcaster Ross Stevens was the founding lecturer and his legacy included Uni Tavur, the region's first independent newspaper produced by student journalists under an innovative ownership editing model. The UPNG programme educated a generation of journalists in Papua New Guinea and today PNG journalists have the higest level of tertiary education and training in the Pacific. The experience also had a profound impact on the traditions of free speech and journalism training for the rest of the Pacific region. This article examines the contribution made by the late Stevens and how the country's political pressures have impacted on his legacy.

Making China Their “Beat”: A Collective Biography of U.S. Correspondents in China, 1900–1949

What was the social composition of the U.S. correspondents in China during the first half of twentieth century? Borrowing Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of capital and adopting the collective biography approach, this study analyzed the demographic characteristics and career paths of 161 correspondents to illustrate the opportunity structure and its historical variations in the largely unstructured field of foreign correspondence during its formative years. Being a missionary kid, having a journalism education, especially from the Missouri School of Journalism, or being raised in the northeast region with an Ivy League education, were among the kinds of valued social and cultural capital that conferred an advantage in becoming a China correspondent.

Online journalism education in Rwanda: students find value in the Experiential Learning Approach

The digital age is reshaping media industries locally and globally, forcing media firms and media producers to master new media tools in order to remain competitive and employable. This technological revolution has had a marked impact on the structures and economic viability of media, necessitating media training institutions to rethink how they prepare future media professionals for work in the twenty-first century. In order to keep pace with these rapid technological changes, educational institutions have had to adjust journalism curricula to integrate online or multimedia journalism courses that build online competencies and the technological skills needed for graduates to flourish in digital media domains. Despite these efforts, industry players still decry the apparent unpreparedness of graduates, largely attributing this to the learning approach taken by universities.Quality skills training has been argued to ensure that learners can relate with real work life. However, in countries like Rwanda, little is known about whether these new strategies are fostering the knowledge, skills and professional dispositions needed to work in a country that is undergoing rapid technological and economic change. Drawing from experiential learning theory, this study uses five focus-group discussions from five Rwandan journalism schools to glean the views of final-year students on how trainers employ practical pedagogy to cultivate students’ online skills in readiness for employment. Findings reveal that students consider the experiential learning approaches to be essential to their perceived online readiness. These enhanced skills were achieved using digital scenarios relating to students’ future work environment. However, the perceived quality of this experience varied from trainer to trainer, based on a range of factors including their how students perceived the trainers’ attitudes towards new media, their perceived ability to teach the digital skills and the learners’ own digital experience and competence.
 
 How to cite this article: 
 NJUGUNA, Joseph; JJUUKO, Margaret. Online journalism education in Rwanda: students find value in the Experiential Learning Approach. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. v. 3, n. 2, p. 84-101, Sept. 2019. Available at:
 https://sotl-south-journal.net/?journal=sotls&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=91&path%5B%5D=48
 
 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
 To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Making the 21st Century Mobile Journalist: Examining Definitions and Conceptualizations of Mobility and Mobile Journalism within Journalism Education

This paper considers new and old challenges to journalism production and education, focusing on the rising field of mobile journalism. The article examines how journalism schools are adapting to the increasing integration and proliferation of mobile technologies within journalism production and consumption, and the increasing trend to incorporate technical skills training within courses. In addition, it integrates the “mobilities paradigm” to insert questions about the social meanings and implications of the “mobile turn” within journalism and journalism education, exploring how mobile subjectivities are deeply embedded within and undergird mobile journalism and journalism education infrastructures. In all, while the technical skills of mobile journalism are important to training successful professional journalists, the analysis points toward a need for the re-definition and re-orientation of mobile journalism education toward the unequal power relations and broader and societal implications of mobile journalism whereby journalists’ labor is increasingly and contradictingly more precarious, immobile, and invisible than imagined within educational priorities.

Conference Report: Bruce Lee's Cultural Legacies

This is a report on the conference, 'Bruce Lee's Cultural Legacies', which took place in Cardiff University's School of Journalism, Media and Culture in July 2018.

Perceptions of Cultural Competence Among Students, Staff, and Faculty in a School of Journalism and Mass Communications

This study reports the results of a cultural competence self-assessment completed by students, faculty, and staff ( N = 299) at a Journalism and Mass Communications School at a predominantly White public university in the Midwest, where students had been demonstrating against cultural insensitive experiences on campus. Results reveal that all participants perceive themselves as fairly culturally competent, but perceive others as being less culturally competent. This finding, suggestive of a third-person effect, was especially pronounced among faculty. Despite high self-ratings, one out of 10 respondents reported cultural insensitive experiences, mainly dealing with sexism or racism. Implications and recommendations are discussed.

Growing Media Skills and Know-How In Situ: Technology-Enhanced Practices and Collaborative Support in Mobile News-Reporting

Over the past decade, mobile news production has had a growing prevalence and has been established as a new type by modern journalism industry. Journalists understand content capturing and sharing as parts of their role in newsrooms. Mobile journalism (mojo) is an evolving form of reporting in which where people use only a smartphone to create and file stories, and it has been gaining ground during the last decade. This paper aims to examine the difficulties, issues, and challenges in real-world mojo scenarios, analyzing the efficacy of prototype machine-assisted reporting services (MoJo-MATE). A usability evaluation is conducted in quantitative and qualitative terms, paying attention to the media literacy support provided through implemented tools and the proposed collaborations. Students of the School of Journalism and Mass Communications, along with postgraduate-level researchers and professional journalists, form the sample for this investigation, which has a two-folded target: To guide the rapid prototyping process for system development and to validate specific hypotheses by answering the corresponding research questions. The results indicate the impact of mobile/on-demand support and training on journalistic practices and the attitudes of future journalists towards specialized technology in the era of constantly evolving digital journalism.

‘His own peculiar style of hieroglyphics’: Hemingway, baseball, and the busher figure

ABSTRACTThe Busher figure was a recurring character found in both the mass market fiction and sports journalism of the early twentieth century—including the apprenticeship writings of Ernest Hemingway. The cultural significance of the Busher was explored in Hemingway’s early letters, high school and post-high school journalism, and a parody of Ring Lardner written for a Red Cross newsletter in 1918. In each instance, the Busher’s presence illustrated the figure’s role in linking the game of baseball to American culture.

دور الصحافة المدرسیة فی تنمیة وعی طلاب المرحلة الإعدادیة بالمواد المخدرة:

دور الصحافة المدرسیة فی تنمیة وعی طلاب المرحلة الإعدادیة بالمواد المخدرة:

Professionalizing Contingency: How Journalism Schools Adapt to Deprofessionalization

AbstractMany professional labor markets are currently experiencing signs of deprofessionalization, including automation of tasks and increasingly unstable employment conditions. Drawing on the case of journalism schools, this article examines how these shifts affect professional education, which has historically been positioned as a means to avoiding precarious employment. How do professional schools cope with inimical disruptions to the labor markets for which they are training students? Based on 113 in-depth interviews with faculty, staff, and administrators from 44 U.S. journalism programs, we argue that journalism schools have sought to reframe labor market instability as an inevitable and even desirable aspect of journalistic practice and professional identity. They do this by dismantling boundaries, valorizing entrepreneurialism, and seeking to alter institutional practices to emphasize skills over abstract knowledge. Taken together, we call this professionalizing contingency. As labor market precarity continues to spread within expert and professional fields, our findings have implications for broader sociological understandings of professional education.