tary and secondary schools. Denominational secondary schools have existed in Trinidad since 1863 as part of Trinidad's colonial school system. However, with the change in the political structure in 1962-firom a British colony to an independent country-the nationalist government began promoting the idea of developing a citizenry which would be loyal and supportive of the new political order. To produce this citizenry, the independent government focused on using the schools as a means of reeducating future citizens. However, to bring about this change, the schools themselves were to be changed with regard to structural controls as well as curricular content.' Plans for restructuring the school system were published as early as 1962 by government officials, indicating their dissatisfaction with the system they inherited. While these reforms have been implemented at the elementary level without many problems, implementation at the secondary level has been met with well-organized opposition. This opposition emanates most vehemently from the denominational groups which have traditionally owned and operated three-quarters of Trinidad's secondary schools. Like many developing nations, Trinidad's former colonial era left the country with many disparate ethnic groups imported into the country because of the manpower needs of the British government. In Trinidad this included Africans, East Indians, and Chinese, in addition to others who migrated to Trinidad to escape revolutions, religious persecution, poverty, and the like. With each group came divergent value systems
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