School Education Research Articles

A study on the awareness and attitudes of mothers with children aged 0–6 towards autism in terms of various variables

The aim of the study was to examine mothers’ awareness and attitudes towards autism. The current study was conducted within the framework of the quantitative research method of the correlational survey model, involving 511 mothers between the ages of 18–50 with preschool-aged children. Among the participating mothers, 49.3% were in the 18–33 age range, while 50.7% were in the 34–50 age range. Regarding the number of children, 36.8% of mothers had one child, 46.0% had two children, 13.9% had three children, and 3.3% had four or more children. In terms of educational background, 7.0% had primary education, 16.8% had high school education, 15.5% had associate degrees, 43.6% had bachelor’s degrees, and 17.0% had postgraduate degrees. Data were collected using a demographic information form developed by the researchers, along with two different scales: the ‘Preschool Children Mothers’ Autism Awareness Scale’ and the ‘Societal Attitudes Toward Autism Scale.’ The findings suggest that, to reduce the stress levels of mothers with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and enhance their preparedness, it is recommended to increase the awareness and knowledge levels of prospective mothers regarding ASD before pregnancy. Additionally, interventions aimed at changing negative attitudes and addressing educational deficiencies related to autism in mothers may influence their awareness and the sub-dimensions of the attitude scale.

Industry Class Clustering of Software Expertise Competency at SMKN 2 Kraksaan Using Constrained K-Means Clustering Algorithm

Addressing the gap between school education and industry needs is a recurring concern, as many graduates struggle to enter the workforce due to lacking practical skills. Industry Classes aim to bridge this gap by preparing students with relevant skills and knowledge aligned with real-world industry demands. This study focuses on the application of Constrained K-Means Clustering to categorize students in the software engineering competency classes at SMKN 2 Kraksaan. This algorithm modifies traditional K-Means by utilizing Linear Programming Algorithm (LPA), ensuring each cluster meets predefined subject requirements. The research involves analyzing academic proficiency test data (TKDA) from 96 X-grade students, evaluating their abilities in analogy, series, figural, mathematical, and recall skills. Using a 3-cluster approach, each with 32 to 60 student capacity constraints, the study aims to optimize student distribution for effective learning outcomes. Evaluation through silhouette method yielded a score of 0.3199, indicating satisfactory separation between clusters with overlap to address. Cluster analysis revealed Cluster 2 as the most proficient, showcasing strengths in recall and series attributes critical for software engineering. These findings suggest that Constrained K-Means Clustering is effective in classifying students, highlighting Cluster 2 as optimal for software engineering competencies at SMKN 2 Kraksaan. Future research should focus on enhancing data quality, expanding sample size, and refining algorithms for improved clustering accuracy and effectiveness.

Mexican indigenous schoolchildren’s healthy eating knowledge

ABSTRACT Nutrition education in school settings is effective in addressing poor nutrition. Mexican indigenous people are the most vulnerable population with the highest prevalence of malnutrition in the country. The objective was to analyze the healthy eating knowledge of indigenous schoolchildren in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. One hundred eighty-two schoolchildren participated and answered two questions about healthy eating. Answers were analyzed by content analysis; Pearson correlations and redundancy analysis were performed. Indigenous children have basic knowledge about healthy eating and receive food knowledge in school education. Healthy eating knowledge depends on school grade, developmental stage, and gender. The drawings of the first-grade group correspond to the pre-operational phase, showing a deficiency in cognitive development. Children do not relate healthy eating to the traditional foods of their community. We suggest creating food guides adapted to the local food culture that generates food appropriation and food identity in indigenous children.

Brief Teaching Intervention Improves Medical Students' Dermatology Diagnostic Skills and Comfort in Performing Dermatology Exams.

Skin disease is a significant contributor to the global disease burden, with dermatologic health disparities adding to this burden. Internists, general practitioners, and other medical professionals often manage skin disease with limited exposure to dermatologic education in medical school. This study evaluated a brief educational intervention for medical students to improve dermatologic knowledge, diagnostic and communication skills, and comfort in performing dermatology-focused physical exams. A secondary focus of the intervention was to promote awareness of skin disease, detection, and prevention for patients with a variety of skin tones. Sixty-five first through fourth-year students at Rutgers RWJMS participated in a pre-test-post-test within-subject study. Students described images using open-ended responses followed by multiple-choice identification questions. Students watched a one-hour self-paced module created by a licensed dermatologist and completed a follow-up assessment. At pre-test, descriptions were brief and often inaccurate but significantly improved post-intervention to include descriptors such as primary morphology and demarcation. Accuracy on diagnostic and management questions significantly improved and comfort in advising patients and performing dermatologic exams significantly increased. A low-cost, brief, self-paced module can augment dermatologic education for medical students while increasing exposure to multiple skin tone presentations of lesions.

Refocusing the Teaching of Physics for the Technological Development of Nigeria

The paper discusses the current condition of physics education in Nigerian secondary schools, and the challenges of teaching and learning physics in the country towards enhancing development in technology and further highlights some of the prospects of physics teacher education reform for Nigerian technology development. It also discusses the way forward to the current challenges for physics teacher education in Nigeria. Based on this, recommendations were made on the key reform issues; the use of innovative teaching methods in teaching Physics by physics teachers should be encouraged, government and the stakeholders should provide instructional material, training and retraining of physics teachers on information and communication technology, (ICT), government should ensure proper monitoring and implementation of the education reform, all level of education should be provided with adequate qualified physics teachers that would transform physics teacher education program and teaching/learning of physics towards refocusing physics education for technological development of Nigeria.

Online Education Adaptability for South African Learners with Dyscalculia and Dyslexia using Digital Learning Methods

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 defines equal and inclusive education. Countries of the global south, including South Africa, have several interventions to achieve before making headway on this goal. South Africa has a unique political and historical narrative, and almost three decades post-apartheid, there remain stark differences in school and post-school education. Amongst some of these include learners with learning disabilities. This research focuses on learners with learning disabilities, such as Dyscalculia and Dyslexia. The introduction of digital technologies within higher education institutions excludes these learners as the adaptability of digital learning techniques has not been considered for specific learning disabilities. The challenges are now heightened. Although primary studies have been conducted in the past, no definitive solutions have been established for the seamless integration of these learners into mainstream education. Hence a different research approach was undertaken. An expansive review of existing scholarship was conducted using online academic resources and search platforms such as Google Scholar, Scopus and EBSCOhost. The purpose was to engage with a wide range of national and global literature. A discussion and comparison of available resources and tools were outlined and structured according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was underpinned by the universal design for learning theory. Global research indicated the availability of online tools that were too expensive for South African education and incompatible with the lack of skills and infrastructure. The literature provided adequate information to develop an introductory clinical sociology intervention and embark on a process of awareness and support for educators and affected learners

Conceptualizing “Assessment Being Learning”: A Systematic Review of Teacher-Student Collaborative Assessment in China

The interconnection between assessment and learning has long been established and remained evolving. To find a localized approach in EFL contexts, this systematic review investigates the existing research on teacher-student collaborative assessment (TSCA) in China, which proposes the integration of assessment, teaching and learning. 55 CNKI-indexed papers from 2016 to 2023 that were relevant to the topic were selected for the review process. This review study summarized the classifications of TSCA application in secondary, high school and tertiary education as well as propositions of teaching models and detected the key elements concerning teachers’ roles, students’ roles and the contextual factors that influence both assessment and learning. By elucidating these diverse components, this review study conceptualized “assessment being learning” aiming to improve the theoretical and practical understanding of TSCA.

Unveiling Success: Exploring the Impact of Training and Commitment on Madrasah Tsanawiyah Principal Performance

This article delves deep into the complex web of relationships between training, commitment, and performance among heads of private Tsanawiyah Madrasahs in the beautiful West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Using a quantitative approach reinforced by path analysis, the researchers uncovered the causal relationships that shape the madrasah leadership landscape. The study underwent rigorous validation by drawing insights from a carefully curated data set covering over 170 madrassa heads, meticulously collected through customized questionnaires. It emerged as a beacon of reliability and validity. Through the lens of descriptive and inferential statistics, the findings of this study not only highlight the transformative potential of training and commitment but also offer a roadmap for education policymakers and school principals across the country, thereby sparking a collective effort to achieve excellence in madrasa education. Although rooted in the local context of West Lombok Regency, the implications of this research have an impact far beyond the district's borders, marking a new era of educational innovation and progress. In essence, this study underscores the importance of disentangling the complex factors that shape the principal performance landscape to realize a brighter future for madrasa education nationally.

Investigate the impact of different school education systems on adolescent mental health (depression and anxiety) in Beijing.

The purpose of the study was to explore the differences in students' mental health levels across different types of schooling systems. The current Chinese education system is basically divided into two categories. Chinese traditional education and international education system. Traditional education puts more emphasis on competition and scores, while international education emphasizes a holistic and diverse educational environment. In this study, depression anxiety will be the two criteria that I used to measure students' mental health problems. I have used A convergent parallel mixed-methods and semi-structured interview to conduct both both quantitative and qualitative research. The effect of different education system are described by three dimension, Teacher-student relationship, Peer-relation, Academic pressure. Studies have shown that public school students show higher mean scores on depression and anxiety scales compared to international school students, and qualitative research suggests that this may be due to differences in the educational environments provided by the two schools and in students' perceptions of stress.

Determinants of academic achievement from the middle to secondary school education: A systematic review

AbstractBecause it is crucial for psychosocial adjustment and lifelong learning, education is the most relevant tool for ensuring inclusion and reducing inequalities. Due to its relationship with positive outcomes, such as life satisfaction, mental health, job performance or SES, academic achievement is a significant phenomenon that impacts students, families, and educational institutions. The present study sought to contribute to the field by reviewing the literature on the determinants that influence the objective achievements of a typical population of middle- to high-school students. Based on the PRISMA statement, a search for related studies was performed in the WoS, EBSCO, and PubMed databases, and 771 studies published between 1930 and 2022 were identified. After screening based on the analysis of abstracts, 35 studies met the selection criteria. The Bronfenbrenner ecological model served as the theoretical rationale for organizing the studies’ findings. The results of this review highlight the following determinants of school achievement: (i) Personal factors—gender, personality traits, cognitive abilities and academic background, motivation and self-constructs, stress and problem-solving strategies, and substance use; (ii) Contextual microsystem factors—(a) Family—parental educational background; parenting practices and interactions; parental involvement and support; (b) School—school location; school conditions, responsiveness, and practices; (c) Peers—peer-group disagreement management. This systematic review updates the existing empirical evidence on this topic and highlights the complexity of the phenomenon of academic achievement.

Social disparity is associated with an increased risk of acute and chronic pancreatitis.

To study social disparity in acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP).We also aimed at exploring whether an interaction exists between alcohol intake and socioeconomic factors. Prospective cohort study based on data from 271696 men and women participating in the Danish National Health Surveys 2010, and 2013. Information on alcohol and smoking parameters, body mass index (BMI), diet, and education, were self-reported and information on family income was obtained from administrative registers. Outcome variables (acute and chronic pancreatitis) were obtained from national health registers. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of developing AP and CP increased with decreasing family income. Compared to participants in the highest income quintile, participants in the lowest income quintile had 43 (95% CI: 14-80%), 99 (95% CI: 26-214%), and 56% (95% CI: 26-94%) higher incidence rates of AP, CP, and all pancreatitis, respectively. The associations persisted after adjustment for alcohol intake, smoking, BMI, and diet.Likewise, participants with only primary school education had an IRR for an AP of 1.30 (95% CI: 1.06-1.59) compared to those with higher education after adjustment for baseline year, age, and sex. We found no interactions between alcohol intake and income or between alcohol intake and education in relation to neither AP, CP, nor all pancreatitis. This large prospective population study showed a significant social disparity in incidence rates of pancreatitis by family income, with higher rates among those with the lowest income and education independent of risk factors such as alcohol intake, smoking, BMI, and diet.

Psychometric adequacy of the persian adapted version of the tilburg frailty indicator (P-TFI)

BackgroundFrailty is identified as the primary goal of preventing the various consequences. The present study aimed to assess validity and reliability of the Persian adapted version of the Tilburg frailty indicator (TFI) in Iran.MethodThis cross-sectional study included three phases of translating the indicator to Persian, assessing the face and content validity, completing the P-TFI by older people, who helped assess the reliability and construct validity. For construct validity, convergent and divergent validity were used. It was expected that the TFI domain scores would show the highest correlations with their related measures of frailty (convergent construct validity) and the lowest correlations with measures of the other domains (divergent construct validity). The study population consisted of 400 older people, selected from six health care centers.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 69.05 ± 7.28 years and the majority of the participants were married woman with less than a high school education. The total mean score of TFI was 8.26 ± 1.80, and 42.75% was classified as frail. The test-retest reliability was 0.88 for the total scale, 0.80 for physical, 0.65 for psychological, and 0.81 for social domains. The mean score of frailty and its dimensions (physical, psychological, and social) varied from 4.35 ± 1.78, 1.81 ± 1.33, 1.69 ± 0.73, and 0.86 ± 0.61, respectively. The total score of the TFI was correlated with each alternative measure and the convergent validity was proved. Further, the kappa values ranging from 535 to 0.967 were significant and test- retest reliability for total, physical, psychological, and social dimension were 0.88, 080, 065, and 081, respectively. Further, the convergent or divergent validity is being discussed for clarity.ConclusionThe Persian version of the TFI is valid and easy scored tools among Iranian’s older people.

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Motivasi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Guru di SMP Negeri 17 Balikpapan Utara

Teacher Job Satisfaction has a crucial role in improving the quality of education in schools, and internal factors such as effective leadership, high motivation and good work discipline have been identified as important elements in creating a conducive work environment. This research aims to explore the extent to which leadership, motivation and work discipline influence the level of teacher job satisfaction at SMP Negeri 17 North Balikpapan. By identifying the relationship between these variables, this research also aims to provide relevant recommendations for the development of human resource management policies in these schools. The research uses a quantitative approach with data collection methods through questionnaires. The sample consisted of 35 teachers at SMP Negeri 17 North Balikpapan, who were selected using non-probability techniques. The collected data is analyzed using statistical techniques such as regression to test the proposed hypotheses. The software used in this research uses smartPls. The research results show that leadership has a positive but not significant influence on teacher job satisfaction. Motivation is proven to have a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction, while work discipline also has a positive influence on teacher job satisfaction. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the factors that influence teacher job satisfaction at SMP Negeri 17 North Balikpapan, as well as practical implications for the development of human resource management in schools.

Sistem Informasi Monitoring Orang Tua Terhadap Kehadiran Anak di Sekolah Berbasis Website

Student attendance at school is very important to ensure that they get a good education and are successful in the future. Parents are an important part in supporting their children's education, communication between parents and schools is very important in supporting children's education. Currently, there are still many schools that use attendance books as a medium for recording student attendance. This makes it difficult for parents to monitor their child's attendance regularly, especially if they are at work or unable to visit school every day. The purpose of writing this Final Project (TA) is to create a website-based application to monitor student attendance at SMP Negeri 13 Sungai Raya, which is in Kabupaten Kubu Raya. The method used in developing this software uses the waterfall method and data collection methods. With this web-based application, it can assist parents in monitoring their children's attendance at school and increase parental involvement in children's education by providing accurate and up-to-date information about children's attendance at school

Creative Practices in Developing Competencies of Future Pedagogues

The aim of contemporary education is to shape a competent individual capable of solving life problems based on existing knowledge, skills, and abilities, ready to navigate the information space, receive, use, and create information. Achieving this goal requires dedication from education professionals, primarily pedagogues, psychologists, and teachers who must possess integral quality in their profession, which is competency. The main objective of the research is to examine the opinions of pedagogy students about the potentials of a set of workshops collectively named Creative Pedagogical Practices (CPP) for the development of competencies of school pedagogues. The workshops were implemented in secondary schools as part of courses in the field of school pedagogy. The study employed a descriptive research method, using written structured interviews as the research instrument. Research data indicate that students’ expectations regarding the creation and implementation of CPP workshops are met, as they have recognized the potential for developing professional competencies in the domain of didactic-methodological knowledge, social skills, creativity and general competencies for working in school. Regarding the development of personal competencies, respondents mentioned that the implementation of workshops contributed to the development of their responsibility, self-confidence, and creativity, which they consider important qualities for future work in schools. The obtained research results can be relevant when creating study programs for educating educators, especially in light of a greater emphasis on practical activities during studies.

The Evaluation of human papillomavirus vaccination coverage for school aged girls in Badung District, Bali, Indonesia, 2016 – 2018

Background and purpose: Since 2016, Badung District, Bali has implemented a free HPV vaccination program for school children, with vaccination coverage reported to be over 90% in 2016-2018. This study aims to objectively assess the coverage of HPV vaccination among school children in Badung District. Methods: This survey used a cross-sectional design that conducted between March and June 2019. Sample selection was done by systematic random sampling, following the WHO guidelines. A total of 216 families met the sample criteria, with a total of 249 children from all families. Respondents in this study were eligible girls' mothers or families who knew the child's vaccination history. Variables of this study were sociodemographic characteristics of respondents and children, HPV vaccination recall and HPV child vaccination validation. The data collected were analyzed descriptively to calculate the coverage of recall and validation of HPV vaccination. Results: The majority of respondents were mothers (70.83%) with a high school education (51.85%). The median age was 43 years (IQR=8 years). Each family had a mean of 1.15 eligible children (SD=0.39). Of the 249 children, most were aged 16-19 years (43.37%), with age at vaccination mostly ≤12 years (46.52%). HPV vaccination coverage by recall was 82.32% (95%CI: 77.56-87.09), with HPV vaccination coverage by validation was 76.59% (95%CI: 70.74-82.43). Conclusion: After validation, vaccination coverage was lower than vaccination coverage by recall. The health office needs to improve the vaccination registration system, in particular the uniformity of registration and record keeping to ensure proper traceability of vaccination history.

Austrian secondary school teachers’ views on character education: Quantitative insights from a mixed-methods study

ABSTRACT Recent years have seen increased interest in school-based whole-child development in the Austrian education system. Engaging with this context, the paper provides insights from a quantitative phase of analysis within a broader mixed-methods project that sought to ascertain teachers’ beliefs around character education in schools. An emphatic majority of respondents (94.6%) working in lower secondary schools believe that character education is more important for 10- to 14-year-olds in schools than good exam results. This confidence of educators in character education notwithstanding, the current education system in Austria presents numerous obstacles to the realization of holistic approaches to education which incorporate character development. In the Austrian context, a paradigm shift in education commencing in 2008 entailed a greater emphasis on evidence-based monitoring of learning outcomes, which many of our surveyed teachers see as detrimental to a holistic form of schooling.

Value-based Russian language teaching as a priority of the modern era (to mark the anniversary of the <i>Axiological linguistic methodology</i> school of thought)

The article aims to comprehend the fundamental role of value-based Russian language teaching in modern education. The key points of the speeches delivered by Russian President Vladimir Putin, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill, and Minister of Education of the Russian Federation S. S. Kravtsov are related to the preservation and strengthening of traditional spiritual and moral values. Therefore, the thirty-year activity of the scientific school Axiological linguistic methodology: the worldview and value aspects in school and university teaching of the Russian language, the leader of which is Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Methods of Teaching the Russian Language at the Institute of Philology of MPSU, is A. D. Deikina, winner of the Russian state award - the A. S. Pushkin medal, the K. D. Ushinsky medal, is becoming more relevant than ever. We used analysis of scientific research in the field of axiological linguistic methodology and scientific generalisation to characterise the activities of the scientific school whose origins relate to M. T. Baranov’s concept of schoolchildren’s linguistic worldview formation. Moreover, we outlined the key positions of axiological linguistic methodology substantiated in the concept of A. D. Deikina and thirteen postdoctoral studies of her students as scientific areas developing the idea of value-based Russian language teaching at school and university. The postdoctoral research conducted within the framework of the scientific school of axiological linguistic methodology with A. D. Deikina as the scientific advisor developed the leading linguistic methodological approaches to Russian language teaching. Drawing on the Russian canonical methodologists’ ideas, the members of the Moscow Methodological Scientific School create and predict promising ways of developing higher and school education in the Russian Federation, expand the research space in different regions of this country, increase the scientific status of methodological science, and contribute to the success of interpersonal and intercultural communication in Russian. The works of those who represent the axiological linguistic methodological scientific school, as well as other like-minded researchers have a beneficial effect on the creation of a holistic value picture of the world using the Russian language in modern education.

An Analysis of Collaboration Between School, Family and Community in Education

An Analysis of Collaboration Between School, Family and Community in Education

Overview of the Implementation of the First Year of Immunization against Human Papillomavirus across Different Administrative Units in Serbia and Montenegro.

Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccination, uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination remains low worldwide. We aimed to analyze the coverage of HPV immunization during the first year of the immunization program and the sociodemographic characteristics across different administrative units in Serbia and Montenegro. Coverage of HPV vaccination in Serbia for females aged 9-14 and 15-19 years was 5.5% and 5.9%, respectively. The coverage rate of immunization against HPV in Montenegro for girls aged 9-14 years was 22.1%. Within Serbia, only one administrative region (Moravica) had HPV immunization coverage in girls 9-19 years old above 10%, 11 districts had coverage from 5 to 10%, while 13 districts had coverage below 5%. As per Montenegro, two administrative units, Cetinje and Berane, reported the highest coverage, with 39% and 36.4% of vaccinated eligible girls, respectively. When we explored the coverage of HPV immunization among girls aged 9-19 years across different regions in Serbia, we observed that the level of coverage did not correlate with the number of pediatricians or with the population density. In Montenegro, we observed a similar situation. On the other hand, we noticed a statistically significant moderate negative correlation (r = -0.446; p = 0.026) between HPV immunization coverage and the percentage of illiterate women in the administrative units. Comparing the coverage between the two countries we found that the higher coverage in Montenegro corresponded with a smaller number of female populations aged 9-14 years, with higher average net monthly income, with smaller population density and smaller number of pediatricians, among divorced persons, and among those without formal education or incompletely primary education. Taking into account the experiences in Montenegro, increasing immunization coverage in Serbia could be achieved through a more vigorous educational campaign targeting schools, the general population, and healthcare workers as well as by additionally incentivizing those engaged in these activities.