Handicapped School Children Research Articles

Language Disorders in Students with Mild Mental Retardation in SLB/Sekolah Luar Biasa (School for Disabled Children): How to see their Language Acquisitions

Language Disorders in Students with Mild Mental Retardation in SLB/Sekolah Luar Biasa (School for Disabled Children): How to see their Language Acquisitions

Physical growth and social prognosis of esophageal atresia after 15 years of age

BackgroundThe mortality rate of esophageal atresia (EA) has significantly improved, but late complications remain problematic. We evaluated the physical growth, late complications, and social prognosis of postoperative patients with EA who have reached 15 years of age.MethodsEA patients who were treated at our institution from 1984 to 2003 were enrolled. The follow-up, physical growth at the last visit, late complications and treatment, academic status, and employment situation were evaluated.ResultsTwenty-nine EA patients were registered, and the 23 surviving patients (79.3%) were followed. Anthropometry at the latest visit tended to be below the standard values. Fundoplication was performed in 6 (26.1%) of 9 (39.1%) patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Anastomotic stenosis was found in 12 patients (52.2%), and 2 (8.7%) were treated with re-anastomosis. Thirteen patients were attending a regular school, and one was attending a school for disabled children. Four had jobs from 18 years of age. Follow-up was aborted during early childhood in nine patients.ConclusionsThe physical size of EA was smaller than in the healthy population of the same age. Late complications had not affected the physical growth but were sometimes recognized in adolescence. The social prognosis of the patients was largely favorable.

Инвалидность детей и проблемы адаптации к образовательной среде: современное состояние проблемы

This literature review aims to provide a summary of Russian and foreign literature on the problems associated with teaching of disabled children in Russia and in Europe. We searched for studies analyzing a direct link between education and children's disabilities. Numerous studies have been conducted in the English-speaking countries and published primarily in noneducational journals. We describe the education system in England and differences in academic performance of children with disabilities and students without disabilities. We also discuss primary and secondary effects of disability that determine imbalanced academic performance among disabled and non-disabled students, as well as the impact of stigmatization on the educational route and life of disabled people. We present criteria that determine ability to learn in accordance with Russian legislation, as well as the section "education and application of knowledge" of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The article provides some statistics on inclusive and special education, including information on the number of disabled schoolchildren in Russia as of 2020. We found that the majority of disabled children educated in regular schools are secondary and high school students. We described the division into 8 types of special correctional educational institutions in accordance with disability groups existing in Russia now. Conclusion. It is necessary to analyze the association between education and children's disabilities in order to optimize inclusion of disabled people into social life. Key words: children, disability, education, limitations in usual activities

Social pedagogy in a human rights context: Lessons from primary schools in Iceland

The profession of social pedagogues (SPs) in Iceland provides services for a diverse group of people, particularly disabled people of all ages within variety of community settings with inclusive and rights-based practices as their primary professional responsibility. Social pedagogues (SPs) in Iceland have been part of the primary school professional community since the 1974 law on compulsory education opened up the schools for disabled children. This article is based on the school part of an ongoing study which focuses on the role, status and professional developmental needs of SPs in Iceland within their diverse work settings in light of the rights-based demands made by the CRPD. The aim of the school part is to explore, describe and interpret the views and understandings of SPs about the social pedagogue as a contributing actor within inclusive primary schools in Iceland. The data is derived from two main sources; the participants provided texts from a half-open questionnaire and focus group interviews. The analysis is performed with the help of the expansive learning theory within the cultural-historical activity theory framework (CHAT). The findings indicate a large mismatch between policy ideals, the SPs’ professional human-rights based values and the reality SPs face within inclusive schools. Thus, we argue that it is important to acknowledge and utilise the SPs professional expertise embedded in the human rights approach and their innovative practices as part of transformative expansive learning culture and collective change effort in accordance with Article 24 in the CRPD.

EMPATI TERHADAP KINERJA GURU SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA

This reasearch aims to find the effect of empathy toward teacher’s performance in School for disabled children. This reasearch used quantitative method. A Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Emphaty (QCAE) was adopted and used to measure the empathy, and teacher’s performance measured by using instrument that developed from teacher’s performance appraisal. Purposive sampling technique was used for the sampling technique. The participan of this reasearch is 81 teachers from school for disabled children in East Jakarta. The result if this reasearch showed that Fhit= 10,214 > Ft = 3,94 ; p = 0,002 < α = 0,05 which means there’s a significant effect of emphaty toward teacher’s performance in school of disabled children which is 11,4%.

Complete nucleotide sequence of the IncI1 plasmid pSH4469 encoding CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase in a clinical isolate of Shigella sonnei from an outbreak in the Republic of Korea

An outbreak of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Shigella sonnei infections occurred in a school for disabled children in Gyeongbuk Province, Republic of Korea, in 2008. Five students were affected. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis revealed that all of the ESBL-producing S. sonnei isolates belonged to the same clone, and nucleotide sequence analysis of ESBL genes revealed that they harboured blaCTX-M-15. This is the first identification of blaCTX-M-15 in Shigella spp. in South Korea. In this study, a plasmid carrying the blaCTX-M-15 gene, designated pSH4469, recovered from a S. sonnei isolate responsible for the outbreak was characterised. Replicon typing and plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST) analysis of plasmids in the outbreak strain identified that the blaCTX-M-15 gene was located on an IncI1 incompatibility group plasmid of sequence type 16 (ST16). The complete nucleotide sequence of pSH4469 revealed that this plasmid is 91109bp and harbours 119 putative genes, including another antibiotic resistance gene (blaTEM-1b) that is often associated with the ISEcp1–blaCTX-M-15–orf477delta transposable unit. The plasmid consists of a large backbone with considerable homology to the pEK204 plasmid isolated from Escherichia coli in the UK, except for insertion of an IS66 element found in pEK204. These data demonstrate that IncI1 plasmids are used as a successful platform for efficient horizontal gene transfer, thereby resulting in the dissemination of CTX-M-type β-lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae.

Periodontal status in mentally handicapped school children in Caracas, Venezuela. Cross-sectional study.

Periodontal disease is a chronic multifactor pathology, characterized by the progressive destruction of the dental structures support tissues. Patients with some type of disability have a higher predisposition to develop periodontal disease, due to bad hygiene, product of their motor and psychological deficiencies, and to their systemic alterations that difficult the defense against periodontopathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the periodontal status of a group of children with special needs, and a control group. 47 patients with mental retardation and Down syndrome from three special education centers, and 31 healthy patients of ages ranging from 6 to 15 years, were dentally evaluated, to determine their plaque index, gingival index, and the presence of calculus. After gathering the data and tabulating the results, a 1.08 plaque index was determined, and a gingival index of 1.03, corresponding to a mild gingivitis in the study group. On the other hand, on the group of regular patients, there was a 1.08 PI and a 0.96 GI. Calculus percentage was similar on both groups. However, a large percentage of children with mild gingival inflammation was observed in the group of special patients (53.19%,) compared to the control group (29%). Keywords: Periodontal disease, patients with special needs, gingival index, plaque index. Estado periodontal en escolares con deficit mental en Caracas, Venezuela. Estudio de corte transversal. La enfermedad periodontal es una patologia cronica y multifactorial donde ocurre una progresiva destruccion de los tejidos de soporte de las estructuras dentales. El desarrollo de la enfermedad periodontal esta dado inicialmente por la presencia de placa dental que aunado a factores inmunologicos, hormonales y celulares conllevan a un desarrollo mas rapido o agresivo. Los pacientes que presentan algun tipo de discapacidad, tienen una predisposicion mayor a desarrollar enfermedad periodontal debido a la mala higiene por sus deficiencias motoras y psiquicas y a sus alteraciones sistemicas que dificultan la defensa ante los microorganismos periodontopatogenos. El proposito de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar el estatus periodontal de un grupo de ninos con necesidades especiales y un grupo control. 47 pacientes con Retardo mental y Sindrome de Down pertenecientes a tres centros de educacion especial y 31 pacientes sanos con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 15 anos fueron evaluados odontologicamente, determinandose el indice de placa, el indice gingival y la presencia de calculo. Posterior a la obtencion y tabulacion de los resultados, se determino un indice de placa de 1.08 que se corresponde con la presencia de una placa adherida leve y un indice gingival de 1.03 que se corresponde con una gingivitis leve en el grupo de estudio. Por el contrario, en el grupo de pacientes regulares se obtuvo 1.08 de IP y 0.96 de IG. El porcentaje de calculo fue similar en ambos grupos, 48.94% en el grupo de estudio y 45.16% en el grupo sano. Sin embargo, se observo un alto porcentaje de ninos con inflamacion gingival moderada en el grupo de pacientes especiales (53.19%) comparado con el grupo control (29%). Palabras clave: Enfermedad Periodontal, Pacientes con necesidades especiales, Indice Gingival, Indice de Placa.

Knowlledge and Attiitude of Caregiivers Regardiing Acciident Preventiion Among Diisablled Schooll Chiilldren iin Miiniia Governorate.

Prevention of accidents among disabled children is particularly important, because injuries suffered by these children tend to be more severe. There is an urgent need to address injury prevention and to improve safety standards for this group. This study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude of caregivers regarding accident prevention among disabled school children in Minia Governorate. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. This study was conducted at the schools of disabled children in Minia city that serve Minia Governorate, which were Al-Fikria School, Al -Nour School and Al-Amal school. The current study included total coverage sample composed of all caregivers in these schools. Two tools were used included a structured interview questionnaire and attitude rating scale. There were statistically significant differences among caregiver's age, sex, level of education and first aid training in relation to their total score of knowledge about accident prevention. Also there were statistically significant differences among caregiver's education and first aid training in relation to their total score of attitude about accident prevention. The study concluded that more than one fifth of caregivers had poor knowledge, and less than one quarter of them had negative attitude about accident prevention. It recommended that providing preventive, first aid and emergency services related to injury prevention.

Active infective endocarditis due to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: zoonosis caused by vancomycin-resistant gram-positive rod

A 42-year-old female who was a voluntary worker in a school for handicapped children was referred to us for surgery for active infective endocarditis. Trans-esophageal echocardiography showed 2 large mobile vegetations on the aortic valve and severe aortic regurgitation. Aortic valve replacement was performed to prevent septic embolism and deterioration of congestive heart failure. The empiric therapy with vancomycin, ampicillin, and gentamycin was initiated because a pathogen was not identified. But Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (gram-positive rod) was isolated on the 4th day after surgery. The target therapy with penicillin G and clindamycin was started and continued for 4 weeks after surgery. The inflammatory parameters improved steadily and the patient was discharged on the 36th day after surgery. Infective endocarditis due to gram-positive rods can be easily mistaken for streptococci or dismissed as a skin contamination. But, E. rhusiopathiae endocarditis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Alterations in lipid profile of autistic boys: a case control study

We hypothesize that autism is associated with alterations in the plasma lipid profile and that some lipid fractions in autistic boys may be significantly different than those of healthy boys. A matched case control study was conducted with 29 autistic boys (mean age, 10.1 +/- 1.3 years) recruited from a school for disabled children and 29 comparable healthy boys from a neighboring elementary school in South Korea. Fasting plasma total cholesterol (T-Chol), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the LDL/HDL ratio, and 1-day food intakes were measured. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the association between autism and various lipid fractions. The mean TG level (102.4 +/- 52.4 vs 70.6 +/- 36.3; P = .01) was significantly higher, whereas the mean HDL-C level (48.8 +/- 11.9 vs 60.5 +/- 10.9 mg/dL; P = .003) was significantly lower in cases as compared to controls. There was no significant difference in T-Chol and LDL-C levels between cases and controls. The LDL/HDL ratio was significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. Multiple regression analyses indicated that autism was significantly associated with plasma TG (beta = 31.7 +/- 11.9; P = .01), HDL (beta = -11.6 +/- 2.1; P = .0003), and the LDL/HDL ratio (beta = 0.40 +/- 0.18; P = .04). There was a significant interaction between autism and TG level in relation to plasma HDL level (P = .02). Fifty-three percent of variation in the plasma HDL was explained by autism, plasma TG, LDL/HDL ratio, and the interaction between autism and plasma TG level. These results indicate the presence of dyslipidemia in boys with autism and suggest a possibility that dyslipidemia might be a marker of association between lipid metabolism and autism.

Schulentwicklung bei Kindern mit schweren Sprachentwicklungsstörungen Nachbeobachtung bis zu 15 Jahren nach Entlassung aus Sprachheilkindergärten

Severe language impairment (SLI) in children causes multiple developmental disturbances. Less is known concerning the long-term efficacy of Child care centres with speech therapy (CCC) and the validity of of IQ-testing. Follow-up of school-development of SLI-children from CCC and analysis of the the prognostic relevance of IQ-testing as monitored by the surrogate-parameter "school-development". 1. Retrospective study with questionnaires; 2. Analysis of documents from CCC. 88 children (60 males, 28 females) were included. Median length of stay in CCC was 18 months (range: 12-36 months); present study was performed 0,5 to 15 years after dismissal from CCC. Due to parents;remembrance more than 90% of the children suffered on symptoms of SLI within the 2 (nd) year of life; about 30% of the children received grommets; IQ was determined by SON-R 2,5-7 in 68 children and amounted 99 (58-131). In 32 children (>10 years) school-careers were followed after termination of primary schools: 5 children visited "schools for handicapped children", 26 children attended mainstream-schools, 19 of them in schools with higher academic levels ("advanced-" and "integrated high schools", "grammar schools"). In 16 of 68 children the IQ amounted between 70 to 89, 11 of these children visited a mainstream school. In 45 of these children IQ was >90, 6 of these children had to attend a "school for handicapped children". IQ-testing is thought to be a limited prognostic parameter for long-term school-development of SLI-children. Findings indicate, that about 80% of the SLI-children benefitted by the therapy in specialized CCC and visited a mainstream school.

Amniocentesis and Motherhood: How Prenatal Testing Shapes Our Cultural Understandings of Pregnancy and Disability

Amniocentesis and Motherhood: How Prenatal Testing Shapes Our Cultural Understandings of Pregnancy and Disability

Effect of Nursing Assistance Tools on Preventing Musculoskeletal Pain among Staff in Schools for Disabled Children

Objective is to clarify whether nursing assistance tools (a mat with attached handles, a pair of trousers with knee pads and a waist holding belt) prevent musculoskeletal pain, such as low back pain and upper arm pain, and depression, and improve the burden on the lower back and upper arm among staff in schools for disabled children. This study design was a non-randomized intervention trial. The subjects were 41 staff in two schools for disabled children in Japan. Nursing assistance tools were used with the intervention group to help with their nursing activities. We investigated the one-month prevalence of low back pain and the degree of burden on the lower back using a questionnaire at the baseline and at the end point 4 to 6 months later. The prevalence of low back pain did not change significantly in either group. In the intervention group, the prevalence of upper arm pain decreased from 47.6% at the baseline to 23.8% at the end point (p=0.063). The percentage of participants with a high level of burden on the lower back from excretory nursing activity decreased from 57.1% at the baseline to 33.3% at the end point (p=0.063) in the intervention group. These results suggest that nursing assistance tools may prevent upper arm pain and improve the burden on the lower back among staff in schools for disabled children; however, these tools did not significantly prevent low back pain and depression.

Psychosocial environment for the integrated education opportunities of the disabled in Lithuania

BackgroundThe policy of the diminution of the social isolation of the disabled is the main objective of the strategy of the EU new policy concerning the disabled. Lithuanian society faces this objective as well. For this reason, this study aiming at providing the theoretical basis for and predicting the possible psycho-social environment in an integrated education system, as well as at the evaluation of the reasons for the formation of a positive approach to the disabled, is especially relevant, since it creates the prerequisites for the optimisation of the process of the integration of disabled schoolchildren into the general system of education.MethodThe sample of the study consisted of 2471 children from the same schools: not integrated (1958), integrated (126) and special schools (382). Empirical methods: questionnaire poll, comparative analysis. The statistical analysis was carried out using SAS.ResultsOur study showed that the majority of schoolchildren without disabilities and disabled schoolchildren have positive intentions for interpersonal interactions (>82%) and positive emotions (>69%) independently of the discrepant character of interpersonal contacts, different conditions of education and family life, and despite of low level of knowledge.ConclusionThe results of the study confirmed positive intentions for interpersonal interaction between disabled schoolchildren and schoolchildren without disabilities, as well as a positive character of emotions, and disprove the unsound myth of the opponents of the social integration of the disabled stating that disabled children in comprehensive schools would undoubtedly experience offence from their peers without disabilities.

聴覚障害者の建築物における障壁に関する研究(建築計画)

A hearing impaired person's condition can not easily be understood as it is not readily apparent that the individual has a disability. There were many opinions expressed which made it clear that it is inappropriate for there to be no consideration for hearing impaired person in the Building Accessibility Improvement Act. This research aimed, in light of these opinions, to make several surveys at schools for disabled children and some hearing impaired person organizations, a questionnaire and interviews. Also an analysis was done on the environment in and around building, their barriers, and activities around the hearing impaired that impact on them as well as to examine architectural correspondence in the future.

New duties of the medical child health surveillance teams: the "Hamburg Concept"

In Hamburg the physical 'entrance to school examination' performed by doctors/paediatricians of the public health service system (KJGD) was rescinded in 1997. A new school law (HmbSG) is now regulating school health services as well as the developmental psychological tests and examinations of handicapped schoolchildren and thus also the field of activity of the child health surveillance teams. In 1999 a fundamental agreement was achieved according to which school health services will be part of a health promotion programme for school age children and adolescents. During the realization of the new tasks established social pediatric and population - based strategies of public health services were abandoned. The organizational, conceptional, and professional ideas are clearly divergent between the different professional groups at the moment. The KJGD needs to develop its skills as service-seller and is challenged to establish itself as an individual service for each school location. The necessary change of roles requises active support. Advanced training and development of organisation(al structures) are imperative.

Malocclusions and traumatic injuries in disabled schoolchildren and adolescents in Kuwait.

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and traumatic injuries in disabled children and adolescents attending the special-needs schools in Kuwait. Included in the study were 818 children (438 males and 380 females), in the age groups of 3-20 years, who have visual impairment, hearing impairment, physical handicaps, or developmental disorders. The mean age of participants was 11.9 years. The survey was carried out according to the methods of WHO. The prevalence of severe malocclusion was 23.6%, and that of slight malocclusion was 37.0%. Children with Down syndrome (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.51-3.52), those of increasing age (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.01-1.10), and males (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.05-2.07) had higher risk for the occurrence of severe malocclusion. Less than one-fifth of the subjects (16.9%) had traumatized anterior teeth. Severe malocclusion (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.17-2.77) and increasing age (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.13-1.26) were significant risk factors for the occurrence of traumatic injuries. We concluded that malocclusion and traumatic injuries are more prevalent among these subjects with disabilities than among the healthy population in Kuwait.

養護学校における産業医的活動の経験

養護学校における産業医的活動の経験

A study of cognitive development and behavior problems in mentally retarded children.

Cognitive development in seventy-one mentally retarded children (19 autistic, 52 non-autistic; aged 7-19 years) from a school for handicapped children was studied, using Ohta's scale for evaluating cognitive development level based on language comprehension (Ohta's stage), and other developmental scales. Behavior problems were also examined. The present study reports on the utility of Ohta's stage in non-autistic children, and the relationship between cognitive development level and behavior problems in mentally retarded children. In non-autistic children, there were temporal correlations between Ohta's stage and other development scales (a standard developmental test, speech development, symbolic play development, imitation development), suggesting that in non-autistic children as well, Ohta's stage may serve well as a scale for cognitive development, and reflect symbolic representational functioning. In non-autistic children, most behavior problems in feeding, elimination and sleeping, hyperkinesis, hypokinesis, stereotyped behaviors, self-injurious behavior and licking were closely associated with cognitive development level, and were more often noted in children of lower cognitive development level rather than only in the severely mentally retarded children. Some behavior problems may often occur in the sensorimotor period and hardly occur in the symbolic representational period.

The prevalence of Rett syndrome in Fukui prefecture

The present study was performed to estimate the prevalence of Rett syndrome in Fukui prefecture by sending questionnaires to special classes (classes for handicapped children in schools for normal children) and schools for mentally/physically handicapped children, and observing children suspected of having this syndrome on the basis of answers to the questionnaire. The subjects were girls aged 6–14 years who were attending 11 special classes and 7 schools for handicapped children. The prevalence of Rett syndrome was estimated to be 0.22 per 10,000 girls aged 6–14 years in Fukui prefecture, as of April 1, 1993. The prevalence noted in this study was lower than those found in previous studies in Japan and Western countries.