With the deepening of China's higher vocational education reform, the innovation of talent training mode has become the key to improve the quality of education and adapt to the needs of society. Especially in the field of pharmacy, the comprehensive requirements for the quality of professional and technical personnel are increasing day by day. Centering on the precise training mode of school-enterprise cooperation, this paper conducts practical research on the comprehensive quality training of pharmacy professionals in higher vocational colleges, aiming to explore and optimize the talent training program, in order to better adapt to the diversified needs of the development of enterprises in the industry. The research adopts the method of combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative research, and many representative pharmaceutical enterprises were selected to carry out research together with five higher vocational colleges in the province. Through in-depth interviews with 100 students and 40 corporate instructors, as well as tracking the student internship and project cooperation process, multi-dimensional data including internship effectiveness, skill mastery level, job adaptability and innovative thinking ability were collected. The research results show that the precise training mode of school-enterprise cooperation has significantly improved students' professional skills and practical ability, and the employment rate of students has increased by 15% compared with the traditional mode. However, the survey also found that this model is insufficient in terms of students' independent learning ability and the depth of theoretical knowledge. To this end, the research puts forward targeted improvement measures, such as increasing case teaching, simulation experiment and enterprise internal training, to strengthen students' self-study ability and innovative thinking. The conclusions and suggestions of this study provide a reference for the school-enterprise cooperation mode in other professional fields, and have certain guiding significance and practical value for the development of local higher vocational education.