Nutrition Status Of School Children Research Articles

Balanced Nutrition and Nutrition Status of Schoolchildren in Rural Areas of Ogan Komering Ilir District South Sumatra Indonesia

To support the growth and development of children and adolescents, a balanced nutritious diet is required. Indonesia issues a balanced nutrition guideline as the government's effort to overcome various nutritional problems in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship among four pillars of balanced nutrition, namely eating a variety of foods, monitoring body weight, hygiene and healthy living habits and physical activity with nutritional status in school children. This study used a cross-sectional method which was conducted in elementary schools in rural areas with a number of sample of 80 schoolchildren with purposive sampling technique. The data were taken directly by means of interviews and anthropometric measurements. Based on the results of the study, there was a relationship between various foods and physical activity with nutritional status, while for the clean and healthy living habits and monitoring of body weight there was no relationship to the nutritional status of school children. There was a relationship between diverse foods and physical activity and nutritional status of schoolchildren in rural areas of Ogan Komering Ilir District.

Nutrition Status of School Children in Punjab, India: Findings from School Health Surveys.

School-going children and adolescents are rarely targeted in nutrition surveys, despite the significant impact of nutritional status on their health, cognition, educational achievements and future economic productivity. The present secondary data analysis evaluated the nutritional status of children and adolescents in the 5-18 years age group. The anthropometric measurements of children and adolescents studying in the government and government-aided schools were collected under the 'Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram' in the District Fatehgarh Sahib of Punjab, India between March and August 2018. It was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Mean and standard deviation for weight-for-age, height-for-age, body mass index (BMI) for age z-scores were calculated using World Health Organization's Anthro-plus software. A total of 897 children's data were included in the study. Out of 352 children in 5-9 years age group, mean weight, height and BMI were 15.7 ± 3.8 kg, 110.7 ± 10.6 cm and 12.7 ± 2.1 kg/m2. About 58.8%, 37.4% and 31.8% of the children were categorized as severely underweight, stunted and thin, respectively. In the 10-18 years age group, mean weight, height and BMI were 30.5 ± 9.5 kg, 140 ± 13.4 cm and 15.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2. Severe stunting was present in 19.4% of adolescents, while 26.9% were severely thin. Our study depicts a high level of undernutrition in school-going children and adolescents. There is a need to strengthen the nutrition interventions for middle childhood and adolescence period that can help in a healthy transition from childhood to adulthood and break the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. Lay summaryNational and state-level health-priorities focus mainly on improving the nutrition status of under-5-year children, while the school-going children and adolescents are usually neglected. The present secondary data analysis estimates the burden of malnutrition in school-going children and adolescents. These data were collected under one of India's national health programs that intend to tackle childhood illnesses. Our study depicts a high level of undernutrition in school-going children and adolescents. We found that girls were affected more by malnutrition in middle childhood, i.e. during 5-9 years (both by stunting and thinness) compared to boys. But in middle and late adolescence, males were more stunted and thin compared to females. Programs to support adolescents' nutrition interventions could provide an opportunity for a healthy transition from childhood to adulthood and could be an essential step in breaking the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition.

Social Representations of Healthy Eating in Schoolchildren from Cartagena, Colombia

The social representations on healthy eating of the students of a public educational institution in Cartagena de Indias were analyzed. Methods: A mixed investigation was carried out, starting with the collection and analysis of qualitative information, for which twelve interviews and one focus group were applied, and a participant observation was carried out. From this inquiry, the economic access to healthy foods emerged as a relevant factor for healthy eating, which led to the development of a comparison between the food price behavior identified as healthy and unhealthy. The study was performed during 2018. Results: Concerning social representations, it was identified that healthy eating is expensive and difficult for the population to access, which was subsequently demonstrated by analyzing food prices. Other factors, such as taste, ease of preparation, healthy foods availability at school, were also identified as relevant to maintain healthy eating practices. Conclusion: The research identified factors such as access to food, pleasure, the low availability of healthy food at school, customs, and the loss of symbolic value of typical preparations, among others, related to food decision-making in the population. In this sense, it is necessary to highlight that the strategies for improving schoolchildren's nutritional status must include intersectoral actions, actively linking the community, the family, the school, the media, and students.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG STATUS NUTRISI PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH (6-12 TAHUN) DI YAYASAN MADRASAH IKHLASIAH MEDAN

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to describe the mother's knowledge about nutrition in school age children (6-12 years). The result is that the majority of respondents knowledgeable enough as many as 30 respondents (66.7%) in the age group> 30 years as many as 22 respondents (48.9%), family education largely secondary education as much as 20 respondents (44.4%), employment of family members is a housewife of 20 respondents (44.4%) of the respondents dansebagian obtain health information through electronic media as much as 25 respondents (55.6%). Keywords: Knowledge, Nutrition Status of School Children

School Children's Intestinal Parasite and Nutritional Status One Year after Complementary School Garden, Nutrition, Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions in Burkina Faso.

The potential health benefits of combined agricultural, nutrition, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions are poorly understood. We aimed to determine whether complementary school garden, nutrition, and WASH interventions reduce intestinal parasites and improve school children's nutritional status in two regions of Burkina Faso. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Plateau Central and Center-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso. A total of 360 randomly selected children, aged 8-15 years, had complete baseline and end-line survey data. Mixed regression models were used to assess the impact of the interventions, controlling for baseline characteristics. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections decreased both in intervention and control schools, but the decrease was significantly higher in the intervention schools related to the control schools (odds ratio [OR] of the intervention effect = 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1-0.5). Indices of undernutrition did not decrease at end-line in intervention schools. Safe handwashing practices before eating and the use of latrines at schools were significantly higher in the intervention schools than in the control schools at end-line (OR = 6.9, 95% CI = 1.4-34.4, and OR = 14.9, 95% CI = 1.4-153.9, respectively). Parameters of water quality remained unchanged. A combination of agricultural, nutritional, and WASH-related interventions embedded in the social-ecological systems and delivered through the school platform improved several child health outcomes, including intestinal parasitic infections and some WASH-related behaviors. Sustained interventions with stronger household and community-based components are, however, needed to improve school children's health in the long-term.

Obesity among Elementary Schoolchildren: A Growing Concern in the North of Iran, 2012.

Background:The aim of the present study is to assess the elementary schoolchildren's nutritional status based on anthropometric indices due to the sudden spread of obesity in children and adolescents in both developed and developing countries.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3647 children with an age range of 7–11 years of primary schools in Babol using cluster random sampling method in 2012. Children younger than 7 years or older than 11 years, children with chronic diseases, pupils treated with corticosteroids or growth hormone replacement therapy and children with chromosomal abnormalities were excluded from the study. Anthropometric indices were measured by medical students and evaluated according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention standard percentiles. Data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 18 with Chi-square and independent samples t-test.Results:The body mass index of 26.1% of children was greater than the 85th percentile, and 4.7% was less than the 5th percentile. The prevalence of obesity among boys was significantly higher than girls (P = 0.007). Moreover, urban children (P = 0.0001) and children who studied in private schools (P = 0.0001) had a significantly higher proportion of obesity and overweight than the urban and private schoolstudents. The highest prevalence of obesity and overweight belonged to 18.0% of the students among fifth graders and 15.3% of schoolchildren among third graders, respectively (P < 0.001).Conclusions:The results showed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study was higher. It seems it is necessary to implement the intervention programs to prevent overweight and obesity among schoolchildren.

Fatores associados ao estado nutricional de escolares de 7 a 10 anos: aspectos sociodemográficos, de consumo alimentar e estado nutricional dos pais

To estimate the prevalence of overweight / obesity in schoolchildren, and to investigate its association with parents' nutritional status, socioeconomic factors and food consumption. Cross-sectional study with 1,223 schoolchildren, 7 to 10 years old from Florianópolis, SC. We collected anthropometric measures directly and dietary intake of previous day; parents' data were collected from a socioeconomic and self-reported anthropometric questionnaire. Schoolchildren's nutritional status was defined using the Body Mass Index (BMI) for age and sex according to the reference data of the World Health Organization (2007), and parents' nutritional status was defined according to the World Health Organization BMI cutoff points (1995). We performed bivariate and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 36.2% in boys and 32.7% among girls. The prevalence was 56.3% and 27.5% in fathers and mothers, respectively. In the final model, mother's (p = 0.001) and father's nutritional status (p = 0.050) remained directly associated with schoolchildren's overweight/obesity. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 1.58 times higher in schoolchildren with overweight/obese mothers, and 1.41 times higher in schoolchildren with overweight/obese fathers, compared to mothers and fathers without the condition. There was a high prevalence of overweight/obesity among schoolchildren, which was associated with the nutritional status of mothers and fathers. These results confirm the need to prevent overweight/obesity in schoolchildren with actions that also involve the family environment in order to reduce obesity in this population.

Estado nutricional de escolares da rede municipal de ensino de Maringá, Estado do Paraná, Brasil

The nutrition status of schoolchildren in municipal schools in Maringa, Parana State, Brazil is provided and evaluated. The present transversal investigation, featuring primary data collection, comprised 6,156 schoolchildren from 15 municipal schools in Maringa, 53.1% males and 46.9% females, within the 6-16 years old age bracket. The schoolchildren’s nutritional status was evaluated by body mass index (BMI), and most (62.2%) had adequate weight. Excess weight and obesity were verified in 24.1% of children, with a higher predominance for the 6-8 years old age bracket and without any difference with regard to gender. Malnutrition and malnutrition risk were reported in 13.6%, with a high prevalence for 9-11 year olds and 12-16 year olds. Results show the need to follow up and specifically intervene so that changes in children’s nutrition status during the schooling years can be prevented.

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to identify birth weight cutoffs to predict overweight in Mexican school children

To identify birth weight cutoffs to predict overweight in school children and adolescents from Chilpancingo, Mexico, in 2004. Six hundred and sixty-two male and female children between 5 and 13 years old were selected by probability sampling. Birth weight measures were extracted from vaccination cards. The school children's nutritional status was defined using specific body mass index (BMI) cutoffs according to sex and age. Predicting equations were built using linear regression models. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated and two-graph (TG) ROC curves were plotted, respectively, to detect global accuracy and to identify birth weight cutoffs corresponding to the intersection of sensitivity and specificity curves. Overweight prevalence was higher in female (46%) than male school children (38.5%). Among adolescents, overweight prevalence was also higher in females (43.5%) than males (38.9%). BMI average and birth weight deciles showed a linear relation. Areas under ROC curves showed values > or = 78% in each stratum of sex and age, depicting a difference by sex in adolescents. TG-ROC curves showed that birth weight cutoffs were slightly higher in boys than in girls, and the sensitivity/specificity intersections were > or = 0.70. The study results showed that birth weight cutoffs can be used as overweight markers in childhood and adolescence, being useful as a screening strategy to detect risk groups.

Trial using multiple micronutrient food supplement and its effect on cognition

To test the efficacy of a multiple micronutrient food supplement (MMFS) on the nutrition status of school children and its effect on cognition. A MMFS was developed containing chelated ferrous sulphate and microencapsulated vitamin A, B2, B6, B12, folic acid, niacin, calcium pantothenate, vitamin C, vitamin E, lysine and calcium and the efficacy of the MMFS was assessed in 7-11 year old school children in Chennai, India by a pre-post test design. In the experimental group (N=51), the food in the school kitchen was cooked with the MMFS for the residential school children for a period of one year. The control group (N=72) consisted of day scholars who did not eat at the school. Hemoglobin, red blood cell count and hematocrit were measured at baseline and at the end of the study (after one year). A battery of 7 memory tests (The personal information test, the Mann-Suiter Visual memory screen for objects, The digit span forward test, The digit span backward test, The delayed response test, The Benton Visual Retention Test and The Cattells retentivity test), one test for attention and concentration (Letter cancellation test) and one test for intelligence (Ravens's coloured progressive matrices) were administered to all the children at baseline and endline. It was seen that there was a significant (P<0.05) improvement in the experimental group in hemoglobin, hematocrit and red cell count whereas in the control group there was a statistically significant decline(P<0.05) in hemoglobin and red cell count. In 5 tests out of the 7 memory tests and in the letter cancellation test for attention, the mean change in scores in the experimental group is significantly more (P<0.05) than the control group. There was no significant improvement in the overall intelligence as seen in the Ravens progressive matrices between the experimental and control groups at endline. The study shows that the MMFS is effective in improving the nutrition status and cognition in children.

DETERMINAN STATUS ANEMIA SISWA SLTA DI DKI JAKARTA

Determinants of Anemia Status Among High School Students In Jakarta. Background: The prevalence of anemia among adolescents remains high. The effect of anemia among adolescents especially girls will affect the health status of mothers in the future. Objectives: The study was to analyse the determinants of anemia status among adolescents high school students. Methods: The study design was crosssectional from The Survey Of School Children's Nutritional Status at 10 Cities In Indonesia 2005. The samples of the study were adolescent aged of 15-19 years from high school in Jakarta. Results: The result of the study was that anemia among adolescents high school students were 16%, and the female students had 2.2 (Cl 95%: 1.3-3.7) risk of getting anemia compared to male students. Conclution: Adolescents high school female students need more attention because they have twice the chance to get anemia than male. Keyword: status anemia, female students, high school students

Profil alimentaire de l'écolier à Brazzaville, Congo

Objective To identify nutritional characteristics among schoolchildren in Brazzaville, Congo. Population and methods A 3-day feeding survey was undertaken in 3 primary education schools in the Brazzaville borough. The study was conducted among 1066 schoolchildren (534 boys, 532 girls) ranging from 6 to 14 years. The subjects were divided into 4 age groups: 6–7, 8–9, 10–11 and 12–14 years old. The evolution of the feeding was studied according to age, and the nutritional intakes were compared with recommended dietary allowances. Results and discussion The energy intakes were low, the mean caloric intake was 1984.9 ± 448 Kcal. They increased between 6 and 14 years, especially between 13 and 14 years, where mean increase was twice as important as between 6 and 7 years. Energy provided by the evening meal was equivalent to 67.5% of mean caloric intake per day. The quantities of aliments taken increased with age. In addition, there were excesses and insufficiencies common or specific to the Congolese children of 4 age groups. High natrium intakes were observed at age 12 years, insufficient intakes of phosphore and lipids at 10 years. Conclusion On the basis of the observation of the schoolchildren's behavior at Brazzaville, poverty seems to influence the schoolchildren's nutritional status. But, one could propose dietary advices, in order to improve the problems described here.

PC76 DIET AND NUTRITIONAL RISK FACTORS IN SCHOOLCHILDREN

Introduction: Inadequate diet and nutrient intakes present a potential nutritive risk factors for malnutrition and chronic noncomunicable diseases.The objective of this study has been to determine the quality of family nutrition and nutritional status of schoolchildren. Methods: A representative sample of 167 girls and 197 boys aged 15 from eight grade of elementary school in Subotica examined during sistematic examination. Evaluation of nutritional status was done on the basis of BMI(kg/m2) NHANES I and biochemical parameters by software “CHILD”. A 7 day food records of food consumption by questionnaire were used by the aid of software “NUTQ” for evaluation of energy and nutrient intake. Results: Normal nutritional status (BMI P15–85) was noted at 65.5% of boys and 69.5% of girls, underweight (BMI<P5) at 4.0–7.0% of children, moderate underweight (BMI P5–15) at 7.8–17.0%, while overweight (BMI P85–95) was noted at 8.3–12.6% and obesity (BMI>P95) at 3.6–5.2% of boys and girls.Increased values of total cholesterol can be seen at 6–8% of them, increased values of LDL-cholesterol at 4–7%,and hypertrigliceridemia at 16% of boys and girls. Mean energy intake in family nutrition was 2528 kcal where the proteins were represented with 15%, fats with 40% and carbohydrates with 45%. Analysing the percentage supply of different food groups in daily energy, milk and products contributed with 11.3%, meat and products with 18%, fat and oils with 9%, cereales and grains with 32%, sugar and sweet 9%, vegetables 4%, fruit 7% and fish only with 1%.Nutritive risk factors of family nutrition exist in 65% of families in the form of increased intake of fats over 30% of energy value(EV), than sugar over 10% EV in 60%,saturated fatty acids over 10%EV in 57%, ratio P/Z<0.4 in 66%, cholesterol intake over 300mg/day in 15%,while in all families there were determined consumption of salt over 6g/day and insuficiency of dietary fibre, with insufficient intake of most vitamins and minerals. Conclusion: Majority risk factors are in connection with eating and lifestyle patterns already adopted in childhood and youth with tracking phenomen which is the most important fact for primary prevention.Registered inadequate nutritional status and nutritive risk factors points out the necessity of preventive measure like continually monitoring, early detection and treatment of high risk children with parallel conducting the population nutrition and health promotion strategy.

Nutrition Status of School Children living in a Remote and Secluded Place among the Mountain near Kyoto City

The author surveyed the nutrition status of school children, 21 boys and 24 girls, living in a remote and secluded place among the mountain near Kyoto city in July, 1966, in order to study whether their volume of food intake has any effect on body status or nutrition status. Results obtained were as follows:i) Fuel values of consumed food were from 1637 Cal. to 2210 Cal. per day. These values were more than the average eaten with the children living in Kyoto city (standard). Intake of protein were from 49g to 62g per day and these values were less from 8 per cent to 22 per cent than standard. Also calcium, vitamin A, B1, B2 and C were taten less than standard.ii) Intake of total protein contained from 33 per cent to 38 per cent of animal protein which contained less a kind of milk or egg. Protein score of the protein consumed were from 82 to 86 and chemical score were from 74 to 75. All of first limitting amino acid in these foods were sulphur containing amino acid and E/T ratio were from 2.52 to 2.56.iii) Physical status of these children were better than standard in girls but less about 10 per cent than standard in boys.iv) Specific gravity of whole blood were from 1.052 to 1.053, hemoglobin contents were from 12.1 to 12.8gm/dl and serum protein concentration were from 6.51 to 7.05gm/dl.From these results, the author concluded that the subjects did not get any illness but physical status were rather inferior than standard because they were nourished with less quality of protein.