School Behavior Research Articles

The dental COVID-19 paradox: Disparity in behaviors inside and outside dental schools in Canada.

To describe the personal and professional behavior and assess the perceptions of protection and fear of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among faculty, staff, and students from all 10 Canadian dental schools during the second year of the pandemic. Participants from a Pan-Canadian prospective study answered monthly questionnaires about their activities between April 2021 and March 2022. In May 2022, additional questions were asked about their perception of protection, fear of infection, and instances of COVID-19 testing. Six hundred participants were initially recruited. Over time, the participants spent less time at home and increased their participation in indoor social activities, a trend influenced by the fluctuations in COVID-19 cases (β=‒0.02). Over 90% of the participants were fully vaccinated, which decreased their fear of contracting the virus (χ2[4, 241‒243]=196.07, p<0.0001). Yet, their attitude toward protective measures did not change, and they followed them within school. This work shows a paradoxical behavior among dental students, staff, and faculty members in Canadian dental schools. While factors such as the vaccine's limited efficacy and a desire to protect others may contribute to stringent protective behaviors within dental schools, the mandatory nature of these measures was likely the primary motivator for the compliance. Despite potential efforts to minimize exposure to the virus during risk periods and the frequent COVID-19 testing, this paradoxical behavior raises questions about professional responsibilities extending beyond the workplace. Thus, dental schools should incorporate education about the rationale behind following different protocols and the potential consequences of outside school behaviors.

Characterization of electronic device use among children and adolescents aged 6 to 14

Introduction: Children and adolescents use computers, cell phones, and tablets, among other electronic devices, daily in non-academic activities. It is essential to characterize the impact these devices have on the socialization, interaction, and learning processes in this population segment. We should also investigate possible harmful effects that may be related to their use. The objective was to characterize how these devices are used and their impact on school performance, behavior, and physical activity in children and adolescents from 6 to 14 years of age. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional analytic study of 510 schoolchildren ages 6 to 9 and 10 to 14 from Bogotá and Cundinamarca, Colombia. They were surveyed with a 38-question survey characterizing the use of the devices and the symptoms of anxiety and depression, conflict resolution, sleep, and school performance. Results: The average age for initiation on the use of devices was four years. Cell phones were the most used in both groups (56.3% and 78.04%). Parents monitor the use of the device in 80% of cases. 40% of the time, device usage was greater than 90 minutes per day. About 16% reported sleep disturbance, frustration (48%), emotional lability (20%), and suicidal ideations (11%) also were reported. 19% did not play with their peers, and 7% did not report having close friends. Conclusions: This study shows the high exposure to electronic devices from an early age and their relation to behavioral factors. Future studies should explore the relationship between these factors and electronic devices in depth

Social Work Competencies In School Settings: Addressing Adolescent Adjustment Challenges

Social work is a helping profession that has the power to improve people’s lives on an individual, family, group, and community level. Increasing society’s overall well-being. In order to help students succeed academically, schools, parents, and communities depend on school social workers. They take the initiative in formulating policies for handling crises, providing support services and managing school behaviors. The period of growth and development that comes between childhood and maturity is known as adolescence. The psycho-social stage of development is characterized by increased stress, behavior problems, and conflict. School social workers offer direct and indirect assistance to students, families, and school personnel. The aim of the present research is to study adolescent student’s adjustment problems and explore the competencies of social workers in dealing with school-going adolescents’ problems, data was collected in shivamogga city with a convenient and purposeful sampling technique with the help of ‘The AISS-SS scale, the findings show that most of the adolescent students have problems related to mental health which they can’t express and social work competencies were playing an important role in dealing with adolescent mental health and adjustment problems in schools.

Education and interest in environmental issues in Turkey: Evidence from a compulsory schooling law

ABSTRACT Given the significant impact of individual attitudes in coping with environmental problems, understanding the effects of socioeconomic factors such as education on these attitudes is critical. Utilizing the exogenous variation in educational attainment created by the 1997 education reform in Turkey, I investigate the causal effect of education on individuals’ interest in environmental issues. I apply the fuzzy regression discontinuity design using data from Turkey’s Life Satisfaction Survey. The research provides an insight into the effects of the reform on the schooling behaviour of lower socioeconomic strata. The results indicate that the increase in the proportion of middle school graduates has not changed the interest in environmental issues for men and women in lower socioeconomic positions. The increased likelihood of this group’s exposure to environmental problems, coupled with their reduced capacity to protect themselves, may stimulate interest in environmental issues independent of the effect of education. Furthermore, the increase in economic activities harmful to the environment and the increase in public discourse on environmental issues may also stimulate environmental interest. Since education does not seem to affect environmental interest, targeted policies such as incorporating environmental education into the curriculum may be necessary to enhance environmental interest.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of psychological well-being on the relationship between school organizational climate and organizational citizenship behavior in public schools. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 256 respondents of the study who are teachers among public elementary schools in Cateel 1 and 2, Davao Oriental. The researcher utilized a stratified random sampling technique and an online survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools mean, Pearson r, and Medgraph using the Sobel z-test. From the results of the study, it was found that there is a very high level of school organizational climate, organizational citizenship behavior, and psychological well-being. Also, results revealed that there is a significant relationship between school organizational climate and organizational citizenship behavior, a significant relationship between school organizational climate and psychological well-being, and a significant relationship between psychological well-being and organizational citizenship behavior. Further, psychological well-being has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between school organizational climate and organizational citizenship behavior in public schools.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/lit/0758/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The organisational context of middle management role behaviour in Hungarian schools

ABSTRACT Growing evidence suggests that the effectiveness of a school’s operations is determined not by a single leader, but by a community of leaders. Middle managers can coordinate processes in formal positions and lead informal groups, facilitating the realisation of leadership goals. This study utilises a large-scale survey to analyse middle managers’ perceptions of organisational learning and discuss their additional supporting roles and responsibilities considering organisational-level contingency variables in a centralised education system (Hungary). How can middle management function in a centralised educational system? How can it act as a ‘bridge’ and support organisational and individual learning? Our findings reveal that middle managers perceive leadership similarly to school staff (i.e. in terms of learning organisational behaviour), while principals’ perceptions significantly differ. The study examined teachers’ perceptions of organisational learning in various positions according to school size and type. It was found that middle managers play a more prominent role in smaller schools compared to larger ones, as they are more likely to utilise their strategic role in contexts with a more cohesive community. These findings suggest that the function of middle management should be better exploited in larger organisations.

The Influence of Religious Literacy on Students' Social Behavior in Srengseng Primary School, Jakarta

The background to writing this thesis is that religious literacy regarding the social behavior of class V students at SD Negeri Srengseng 01 and SD Negeri Srengseng 04 is still relatively low and deviant behavior still occurs, so researchers are interested in researching what causes this. Researchers propose solutions for implementing religious literacy in schools. This research aims to determine the influence of religious literacy on students' social behavior. The method used by researchers in this research is a quantitative method with a survey approach with the hypothesis that there is an influence of religious literacy on students' social behavior. The results of this research show that there is an influence of religious literacy on the social behavior of students at Srengseng 01 and 04 public elementary schools. This is proven by the calculation results showing the F test calculation result is 95.157, thus it can be concluded that there is an influence and a large influence of religious literacy on students' social behavior. It is hoped that the results of this research will be useful for related parties such as school principals, teachers, parents, students and future researchers

Mental Well-Being Among Adversity-Exposed Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Further research is needed to understand factors associated with well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). To explore factors associated with improved mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents who have experienced ACEs. This cross-sectional study used data from the baseline (2016-2018) and sixth (March 2021) COVID Rapid Response Research (RRR) surveys of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, which includes 21 sites across the US. Adolescents aged 11 to 15 years who completed the COVID RRR mental health measures were included. Data analyses were conducted from June to August 2023. School-based factors (eg, in-person school) and 8 coping behaviors (eg, exercise). The primary outcomes were adolescent-reported positive affect (PA) and perceived stress (PS). Adolescents were stratified by no ACEs, low-to-intermediate ACEs (1-3), and high ACEs (≥4). Linear regressions estimated associations between factors and mental health, adjusting for potential confounders. Unstandardized beta coefficients (B) were compared with equality of coefficients tests. The 4515 adolescents in this study (mean [SD] age, 13.3 [0.88] years; 51% [95% CI, 50% to 53%] female) were racially and ethnically diverse (American Indian/Alaska Native, 2% [95% CI, 2% to 3%]; Asian, 8% [95% CI, 7% to 9%]; Black, 11% [95% CI, 10% to 12%]; Latino or Hispanic, 17% [95% CI, 15% to 18%]; White, 61% [95% CI, 60% to 63%]; other, 1% [95% CI, 0% to 2%]). For youths with high ACEs, caring for one's body (PA B = 4.02 [95% CI, 1.39 to 6.66]; PS B = -0.92 [95% CI, -1.84 to 0.00]), exercising (PA B = 3.19 [95% CI, 0.46 to 5.92]; PS B = -1.41 [95% CI, -2.40 to -0.43]), and engaging in healthy behaviors (PA B = 4.07 [95% CI, 1.28 to 6.84]; PS B = -1.01 [95% CI, -1.98 to -0.05]) were associated with higher PA and lower PS scores. In-person schooling had a greater impact on PA scores for youths with high ACEs (B = 5.55 [95% CI, 2.08 to 9.01]) than youths with low-to-intermediate ACEs (B = 1.27 [95% CI, 0.27 to 2.27]). These findings suggest that in-person schooling and several coping behaviors (caring for one's body, exercising, and engaging in healthy behaviors) were associated with significantly higher PA and lower PS during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents with high ACEs. Adolescents with high ACEs demonstrated especially greater mental health scores when they reported in-person schooling. Future studies should build on these findings to identify clinical and school-based mental health protective factors for adolescents with high ACE risk.

High School Follow-Up of the Dating Matters® RCT: Effects on Teen Dating Violence and Relationship Behaviors

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a significant public health problem that can have lifelong consequences. Using a longitudinal, cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT), this study examines whether the Dating Matters comprehensive prevention model, implemented in middle school, prevented TDV and negative relationship behaviors and promoted positive relationship behaviors in high school (9th–11th grades), when compared with a standard of care intervention. Dating Matters includes programs for sixth to eighth grade youth and their parents, training for school staff, a youth communications program, and policy and data activities implemented in the community. Self-report survey data were collected from students in 46 middle schools that were randomly assigned to condition within site. Students completed two surveys (fall and spring) in each middle school grade and a single survey in the spring of each high school grade. This study examined self-reported TDV perpetration and victimization, use of negative conflict resolution strategies, and positive relationship skills in the high school follow-up. While varying patterns emerged, latent panel models demonstrated significant program effects for all outcomes. Dating Matters students reported 19% reduced risk for TDV perpetration, 24% reduced risk for TDV victimization, 7% reduced risk for use of negative conflict strategies, and 3% more use of positive relationship skills, on average across time and cohort, than standard of care students. On average, Dating Matters, implemented in middle school, continued to be more effective at reducing TDV perpetration, TDV victimization, and use of negative conflict resolution strategies in high school than an evidence-based comparison program.Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01672541.

Development, scoring, and reliability for the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes for Safe Routes to School (MAPS-SRTS) instrument

BackgroundActive commuting to school can be a meaningful contributor to overall physical activity in children. To inform better micro-level urban design near schools that can support active commuting to school, there is a need for measures that capture these elements. This paper describes the adaptation of an observational instrument for use in assessing micro-scale environments around urban elementary schools in the United States.MethodsThe Micro-scale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes for Safe Routes to School (MAPS-SRTS) was developed from existing audit instruments not designed for school travel environments and modifications for the MAPS-SRTS instrument include the structure of the audit tool sections, the content, the observation route, and addition of new subscales. Subscales were analyzed for inter-rater reliability in a sample of 36 schools in Austin, TX. To assess reliability for each subscale, one-way random effects single-measure intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used.ResultsCompared to the 30 original subscales, the adapted MAPS-SRTS included 26 (86.6%) subscales with revised scoring algorithms. Most MAPS-SRTS subscales had acceptable inter-rater reliability, with an ICC of 0.97 for the revised audit tool.ConclusionsThe MAPS-SRTS audit tool is a reliable instrument for measuring the school travel environment for research and evaluation purposes, such as assessing human-scale determinants of active commuting to school behavior and documenting built environment changes from infrastructure interventions.

Audiovisual Approaches To Prevent Bullying Behavior In Schools

Bullying is a serious social problem in Indonesia, especially among children and adolescents. According to data from the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection, in 2023, there were 20,000 cases of bullying reported to the authorities. These bullying cases can hinder children from learning in school, and have a negative impact on the physical and psychological development of the victims. This study aims to understand the definition, impact, types, and ways to prevent bullying. This study uses a literature study method by collecting data from various sources, such as books, journal articles, and previous research results. The results of the study show that audiovisual methods are very focused on the senses of hearing and vision, so they can effectively utilize the child's sensory abilities, namely brain stimulation that can change behavior.

현장교사들이 생각하는 학교에서의 학생 문제행동에 대한 단계별 지도 매뉴얼 개발 연구

A purpose of this study is to identify teachers’ perceptions and demands for student problem behavior in schools, and to develop a problem behavior checklist, guide, and problem behavior dealing flow chart. For that, The study conducted need analysis to analyze teachers’ perceptions and needs using survey methodology. Based on the results of demand analysis and literature review, initial checklist, guide, and problem behavior dealing flow chart was developed. The usability evaluation of the developed field solution was conducted through the second questionnaire. As a result of the study, the checklist of the final problem behavior stage was classified into three stages of problem behavior according to words and actions, attitudes, risk and 3 stages by severity. The problem behavior guide introduced a problem behavior guidance method that can be used for students' problem behaviors divided into three stages depending on whether they are initially, middle, or continuous interference. Finally, through the problem behavior flow chart, the role of school administrators was emphasized when problem behavior occurred.

Senior high school athletes’ perception of coach’s leadership behaviour in terms of sex

The objective of the study was to investigate whether males and females differed in their perception on coaches’ leadership behaviours in senior high school (SHS) in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. One hypothesis was generated to guide the research. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was used to conduct the research. A sample size of 1,002 respondents selected using multi-stage sampling from a population of 16,200 Senior High School Athletes in Ashanti Region who participated in organised inter-school sports competitions in the 2022/2023 academic year were used for the study. Adapted version of leadership scale for sports and adapted version of athletes’ satisfaction questionnaire were the instruments used for the study. The data was subjected to multivariate analysis of variance. Results revealed that a noteworthy difference in perceived coaches’ leadership behaviours for male and female SHS athletes {F (5, 995) = 14.11, P &lt;. 001}. In light of the results, it is recommended that the coaches/PE teachers should assess and determine the type of coaching behaviour that is appropriate for a particular sex during training and competitions.

Education on Knowledge and Attitudes About Smoking Behavior in Young Men in Junior High Schools

Tobacco is a threat to the health of people in the world, around 8 million people die from tobacco. Every year, more than 7 million people die due to direct tobacco consumption and around 1.2 million people die due to passive smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke. The aim of this service is to increase the level of knowledge and attitudes of young men regarding smoking behavior in junior high schools. The method used was the lecture method and providing posters containing smoking behavior. The target of this activity is 30 young men from SMPN 3 Gowa Regency. The results of the service show that there has been an increase in the level of knowledge and attitudes of students regarding smoking behavior. It is hoped that the school will have educational programs such as seminars where students participate actively to exchange opinions or ask directly about smoking behavior. Apart from that, carry out an anti-smoking campaign in the school environment, put up posters about smoking behavior and involve the role of parents in supervising students.

Development of Sexual Education Animation Videos to Improve Sexual Understanding and Understanding of Forms of Sexual Harassment Behavior of Yogyakarta Elementary School Students

Sexual education has a crucial role in providing understanding to children about reproductive organs, prevention of sexual violence, and maintenance of intimate organs. This study aims to develop learning media in the form of sexual education animation videos to improve sexual understanding and understanding of forms of sexual harassment behavior in elementary schools. ADDIE research and development methods (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) are used in this product development process. Needs analysis was conducted through interviews with guidance and counseling teachers, as well as classroom teachers in several elementary schools in Yogyakarta. The development phase involves material design, animation video creation, validation by media experts and material experts, as well as field trials. Evaluation is carried out to correct product deficiencies before they are widely implemented. The development results include animated sexual education videos that received "very decent" validation from media experts and material experts. Field trials involved grade V students with results that showed increased sexual understanding and understanding of forms of sexual harassment behavior in classes that used animated videos compared to control classes. The teacher's response to the media shows a high level of practicality. In conclusion, this sexual education animation video is considered feasible, practical, and effective in increasing students' understanding of sexual material and forms of sexual harassment behavior in elementary schools. This media is expected to help teachers in providing appropriate, interesting, and appropriate sexual education according to the needs of elementary school-age children.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior of Students in Combating Mosquito Nest: A Case Study in High School

Aim: Assessing the relationship between high school student knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of students in eliminating mosquitoes.&#x0D; Study Design: This research employed a cross-sectional design with participant all students in Binatama Vocational Health School, Sleman, Yogyakarta.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: This research was done at Binatama Health Vocational School, Sleman, Yogyakarta, in November 2023.&#x0D; Methodology: Quantitative research with a cross-sectional design was employed. The population and sample in this study were all from Binamata Vocational High School (311 students). An online questionnaire was used to collect the students' responses.&#x0D; Results: A relationship exists between students' knowledge and behavior in eliminating mosquito nests.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of this study indicate no significant relationship exists between knowledge and high school students’ attitudes regarding the elimination of mosquito nests. There is a relationship between the knowledge and behavior of high schools in eliminating mosquito nests.

Towards prevention of new COVID-19 infections in institutions of higher education: factors influencing compliance with mask-wearing among public university students in Ghana.

Ghana's mask-wearing compliance with COVID-19 prevention protocols has not been as impressive among the general population. In this study, we examined factors influencing compliance with mask-wearing among public university students in Ghana to make recommendations for the prevention of new COVID-19 infections in public universities. We conducted this Census in a public university in Ghana between January and December 2022. The study design was an exploratory-cross-sectional and online survey. Structured questionnaires developed by the authors were used to collect data from 3,272 students. Data were analyzed with Jeffreys's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP). Frequency distributions were used to summarize the data into tables and graphs whilst logistic regression analysis was done to examine the factors influencing compliance with mask-wearing among participants as well as their mask-wearing behaviors in school. Compliance with mask-wearing measures was high with 85.9% of the students wearing a nose mask always or often. Agreeing that the reusable masks do not last long was associated with a reduced chance of non-compliance (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.57, 0.86). However, agreeing with some challenges was associated with increased chances of non-compliance. These included concerns that it is boring to mask after wearing makeup or having a haircut (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.37, 2.14), and that masking is burdensome because it has to be removed when talking (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.01, 1.57), and that it is difficult to hear while masked (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.79). Cost-benefit analyses, opinions about one's look, and communication difficulties are the key factors influencing students' non-compliance with mask-wearing regulations. To encourage student compliance with mask-wearing regulations at Ghana's public universities, we recommend innovation in nose mask manufacture.

Assistance for Adiwiyata school teachers in learning innovation with an integrated STEAM-H approach

Learning innovations to support environmentally friendly behavior in Adiwiyata schools at the technical level are still complained of as difficult for teachers to implement. Integrated STEAM-H (science, technology, engineering, agriculture, mathematics, and health) is a learning approach that can be used by teachers to create innovative learning across subjects. This community service activity was carried out to assist sixth-grade Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Handapherang (equivalent to elementary school) teachers in designing, implementing, and assessing learning using an integrated STEAM-H approach. This mentoring method is carried out through the stages of preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The preparatory stage is carried out through focus group discussions to build learning tools and prepare tools and materials as learning media. The implementation stage is the implementation of the planning stage. Evaluation stage of the entire series of activities. Assistance produces teaching modules across subjects, namely mathematics, and science, building hydroponic project-based learning, providing meaningful learning for students that integrates agriculture, science, mathematics, technology, engineering, and health in a hydroponic vegetable cultivation project. The results of this assistance become a reference for innovative learning at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Handapherang to be further developed to support environmentally friendly behavior at Adiwiyata schools.

Perilaku Bullying Pada Anak Di Sekolah Dasar

This article discusses a case study of bullying behavior in elementary schools. Bullying can have a negative impact on victims, and this research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to describe this phenomenon. Research methods include observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Research results show that bullying can occur in various forms, including verbal, physical and nonverbal. Many students in elementary school experience or witness incidents of bullying, which can cause serious psychological impacts. Factors such as students' socio-economic background also influence the high number of bullying cases in schools. Bullying behavior can have a negative impact on the social aspects of students in elementary schools. Efforts to prevent and handle bullying in elementary schools need to involve collaboration between schools and parents. Most of the references used in research are primary literature and are up to date. r.

Early Parenting Precursors of Child Developmental Outcomes: What Counts Beyond Parental Sensitivity?

SYNOPSIS Objective. Parental sensitivity is a precursor of child developmental outcomes, but other parental behaviors such as warmth, stimulation of cognitive development, intrusiveness, and hostility are also associated with those outcomes. The aim of the current study was to untangle unique linkages among parental sensitivity, other parental behaviors, and outcome domains deemed relevant for child welfare in an ethnically homogenous sample. Design. Data from European American dyads of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,097) across 13 waves from 6 months to 15 years of age were split into two datasets for cross validation. Twelve of 284 outcome measures were selected a priori as domain indicators. Only one measure was eligible for the domain Coping, therefore this measure and domain were omitted. Results. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed acceptable model fit for robust outcome domains of Emotional Regulation Problems, Self-Concept, and Problem Behavior assessed during childhood and adolescence. Using structural equation modeling, parental sensitivity statistically predicted Emotional Regulation Problems during primary school and Problem Behavior throughout primary school and adolescence. However, prediction in adolescence was no longer statistically significant after adding demographic confounders. Stimulation of cognitive development predicted Problem Behavior during primary school over and above parental sensitivity, yet, this effect was no longer statistically significant after adding demographic confounders. Parental intrusiveness and detachment, positive and negative regard, and flatness of affect showed no added predictive value. Conclusions. These findings may guide parsimonious assessment of the quality of the caregiving environment of young children.