Objectives The purposes of this study examined the relationship between mother’s social support, work-family balance advantage, and children’s school adaption according to the psycho-social problem in school-age children. Methods For this, the 10th PSKC data was used, and multiple regression analysis and mediating effect were verified through SPSS 23.0. Results The major results of this study were as follows. First, it was significant differences In social support and school adaptation according to the psycho-social problem. Second, it was significant difference in the relative influence of mother’s social support on the children’s school adaptation according to the psycho-social problem, Third, it was found that mother’s work-family balance advantage had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between the mother’s social support and the children’s school adaptation. Conclusions These reasearch results can be used as basic data for the development of specific counseling approaches for parents’ education for children’s school adaptation according to the psycho-social problem of school-age children.