Scholarship Grant Research Articles

Erratum: Correction of Acknowledgement. Establishment of an Orthotopic Mouse Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Model Expressing the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway

To the editors We found an error in our published article, Vol. 29, No. 3: 343-350, 2014. An error in published journal: This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (2012R1A1A1002559). This study was also supported by the Biomedical Science Scholarship Grants, Department of Medicine, Chung-Ang University in 2013. Corrected acknowledgement of the above article. This study was supported by the Biomedical Science, Department of Medicine Research Scholarship Grants, Chung-Ang University in 2013.

Phosphorylated p70S6K in noninvasive low-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: correlation with tumor recurrence

Correction to:Asian J Androl advance online publication, 11 March 2014; doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.123675.1 The authors regret that the error in the acknowledgments section. The correct acknowledgments section is presented below. The authors apologize for this error. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supported by the Department of Convergence Medicine and Pharmaceutical Biosciences Research Scholarship Grants, Chung-Ang University in 2013. This error has now been corrected online and in the print edition.

Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

Academic Performance of Chemistry Majors in Selected Chemistry Courses: Input For The Licensure Examination Preparation

Students’ achievement in the field of science depends on many related factors of teaching and learning particularly in chemistry subjects. Thus, it may be helpful to determine objectively whether or not teachers, students’ and school factors are influencing the academic performance of the students and the importance of which as input to chemistry licensure examination. Descriptive statistics were used. The multivariate analysis on the form of principal components analysis (PCA) and general linear model (GLM) were also used. Female respondents comprised the majority. Parent’s highest educational levels were college graduate, and most of the students came from State Universities and Colleges. Most of the students were members of school organizations, non-recipient of scholarship; and many of them were indulged in extra-curricular activities. Generally, learning style did not influence academic performance. Among the teaching strategies which were favored by the students was lecture and discussion. Students performed best in Organic Chemistry but they had low Chemistry achievement index. Recipient of a scholarship grant and attitude towards Chemistry were individually significant. Instructional materials and the library sources were not significant predictors of chemistry achievement. Further research is needed to explore the problem on a large sample from more scattered geographical regions. Keywords – Chemistry, students achievement, learning styles, instructional materials, teaching strategies, descriptive design, Philippines

Dietary Administration of Dehydroepiandrosterone Hormone Influences Sex Differentiation of Hybrid Red Tilapia (O. niloticusx O. mossambicus) Larvae

This study was funded and supported by the Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research, Training and Extension Department through the efforts of Sudan University of Science and Technology-Sudan, under Scholarship Grant Permit No. 156/17A/5A/2009-2012.

Off-frequency masking effects on intensity discrimination

Intensity discrimination, where a listener detects an intensity increment in an equal duration sinusoid or pedestal, is often used as a measure of intensity resolution. Intensity discrimination may be considered as tone-in-tone masking, where the pedestal is the masker and the increment is the signal. Despite the similarity between intensity discrimination and tone-in-noise masking, research suggests that a high-pass noise outside the critical band centered on the signal frequency adversely affects listeners’ intensity-discrimination thresholds. The present study examines the limits of off-frequency masking effects on intensity discrimination in five normal-hearing young adults. Detection thresholds for a 50-ms increment, added to a 50-ms-long 1000-Hz pedestal in phase, were obtained in quiet and notched-noise (NN) conditions. The pedestal and noise levels were 60 dB SPL. NN stimuli were generated by filtering telegraph noise. The low-frequency cutoffs of the NN-notches were 188, 250, 375, 500, and 750 Hz while the high-frequency cutoffs were 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz. The detection thresholds were poorer in NN conditions than in quiet, even when cutoff frequencies were more than one octave away from the signal frequency. Effects of off-frequency maskers on the psychometric functions are discussed. [Supported by BU research and scholarship grant.]

Relative contributions of on- and off-frequency spectral cues in increment detection

Increment detection is often used as a measure of intensity resolution, where a listener detects a brief increment in intensity in a longer duration stimulus. Recent findings suggest that listeners rely on multiple cues rather than on-frequency energy cues. The relative contributions of on- and off-frequency cues are evaluated in five normal-hearing young adults. Detection thresholds for a 50-ms increment added in the middle of a 450-ms, 1000-Hz pedestal were obtained in quiet, telegraph noise (TN), and notched-noise (NN) conditions. The pedestal level was 60 dB SPL. NN stimuli were generated by filtering TN while keeping the notch geometrically centered at 1000 Hz. The NN-notches were also varied by increasing the notch-width unevenly on either side of the center frequency. The low-frequency cutoffs of the NN-notches were 125, 250, 500, and 750 Hz while the high-frequency cutoffs were 1500, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Although the NN-notches were centered at 1000 Hz, increment detection thresholds were poorer in NN conditions than in quiet. Detection thresholds were similar in TN and NN with the narrowest notch conditions. Results suggest that listeners may rely on a decision process based on multichannel on- and off-frequency cues. [Supported by BU research and scholarship grant]

Demographics and complaints of university students who sought help at a campus mental health service between 1987 and 2004.

Client characterization is an important step in evaluating the services offered by campus counseling and mental health centers and in their further planning and development. The objectives here were to describe reported complaints and demographics among students who sought counseling/mental healthcare at a Brazilian campus mental health service over a 17-year period and to compare these characteristics with those of the general university student body. Retrospective study at the Psychological and Psychiatric Service for Students (SAPPE), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). The participants were all of the 2,194 students who sought counseling/mental health care at SAPPE from 1987 to 2004. Information was obtained from clients clinical charts. Unicamps database was consulted for general information on its students. The findings indicated overrepresentation, among the clients, of undergraduates, female students, students from Brazilian states other than São Paulo, students living in the campus residence hall and those whose main source of income was a scholarship grant. We also found overrepresentation of Humanities and Arts students among the clients. The most frequently reported complaints were difficulties in interpersonal relationships, family conflicts and poor academic performance. Course level (undergraduate or postgraduate), study field, living in a university residential facility and reliance on a scholarship grant were found to influence the behavior of seeking mental health counseling among Brazilian university students in this study. Course level was found to influence the pattern of complaints reported at first contact with the mental health service.

Analysis and intuition in strategic decision making. The case of California

Many management scholars believe that the process used to make strategic decisions affects the quality of those decisions. However several authors have observed a lack of research on the strategic decision making process. Empirical tests of factors that have been hypothesized to affect the way strategic decisions are made notably are absent. (Fredrickson, 1985) This paper reports the results of a study that attempts to assess the effects of decision making circumstances focusing mainly on the approaches applied and the managerial skills and capabilities the decision makers built on during concrete strategic decision making procedures. The study was conducted in California between September 2005 and June 2006 and it was sponsored by a Fulbright Research Scholarship Grant.

Reflections on proposal writing and management of a NSF stem scholarship grant program

In recent years, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has established a Scholarship for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (S-STEM) program to fund universities for providing scholarship to academically talented and financially needy STEM students. Based on the experience gained on the completion of a four year S-STEM grant and the development of two successful proposals, this paper reflects on the challenges and opportunities of managing the scholarship program, and the key ingredients of writing a successful proposal. S-STEM is found to be an effective and attainable tool for universities to fund scholarships to improve STEM student recruitment and retention. The paper provides suggestions on both S-STEM proposal writing and grant management in the hope of encouraging other educators to consider submitting their own proposals.

Undergraduate Research Abroad: Challenges and Rewards

Undergraduate Research Abroad: Challenges and Rewards

HDI-specific IgE antibody results are influenced by relative antibody affinity

Rationale Specific IgE antibodies have been detected in hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) exposed workers by different investigators using different antigens. Low affinity anti-hapten antibodies are less likely than high affinity antibodies to react with poorly substituted hapten-protein antigen conjugates. We evaluated HDI-specific IgE antibody results in ELISA tests using conjugates with either low (HDI 3:HSA) or high (HDI 23:HSA) hapten:protein molar ratio. Methods HDI-exposed workers (n=74) were evaluated for diisocyanate asthma by specific inhalation challenge (SIC) and for IgE antibodies by ELISA tests using plates coated with either HDI 3 or HDI 23 antigen. ELISA readings were taken when a + control serum achieved an A 405 of 0.60 against the HDI 23 antigen. Relative affinity of IgE antibody was determined as the A 405 ratio in tests of the 2 conjugates (HDI 3:HDI 23). Results Relative affinities of IgE antibodies varied from 0.07 to 1.08. The frequency of IgE antibody was 18.9% with HDI 23 antigen compared to 9.4% with HDI 3. IgE was found in 30.4% of SIC+ workers and 13.7% of SIC- workers with HDI 23; 21% and 4% with HDI 3. Test sensitivity was 58.3% with HDI 23 versus 41% for HDI 3, and test specificity was 78% and 93.7% for HDI 23 and HDI 3, respectively. Conclusions HDI:HSA antigen with a high molar ratio detects both low and high affinity specific IgE antibodies but with reduced test specificity. Affirmation of conformance to principles of Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association; Funding provided by NIOSH grant RO1 OH 03519 and FIS/Fulbright Scholarship Grant awarded to P Campo.

Emigration of Mexican talent: what price development?

Mexican public funds support scholarship grants — about 42% to the United States — at the rate of several million dollars a year. The benefits to Mexico remain largely unexamined, as there is little follow-up. Unpublished figures suggest that some Mexican students may remain in the United States after graduation. Support of foreign-study scholarships is a well-established and popular policy. While it could be matched with a more proactive policy of management of scientific and professional resources, including raising the academic standards of graduate programs at Mexican universities, the benefits of graduate study abroad far outweigh simple cost-benefit considerations. However, the official scholarship policies could be revised to provide a sharper focus on the current needs of the Mexican economy. In particular, repayment of the scholarship grant should no longer be required when a returning scholar is gainfully employed in industry. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.

Effects of salinity, aeration and light intensity on oil globule absorption, feeding incidence, growth and survival of early-stage grouper Epinephelus coioides larvae

This study was financially supported by SEAFDEC/AQD (Nr-06-F99T) and the Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (FIS/97/73). JDT is grateful to the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for being awarded a Ronpaku PhD scholarship grant on grouper seed production.

Effects of age and hearing loss on discimination of silent gaps in dynamic stimuli

Temporal cues in speech occur between signals that are dynamic (changing in frequency and duration). Older listeners with and without hearing loss often experience difficulty discriminating these temporal cues important for speech understanding. This study was designed to measure silent gap discrimination between dynamic stimuli for three groups of listeners: (1) young with normal hearing; (2) older with normal hearing; and (3) older with sensorineural hearing loss. Synthetic stimuli were designed to simulate four speechlike sounds (/s/, /a/, /eI/, /b/) arranged in six pairs separated by a silent gap (/s-a/, /s-eI/, /a-a/, /eI-eI/, /b-a/, /b-eI/). Two conditions of duration were imposed upon the six speech sound pairs: (1) duration of each marker fixed at values typical for the speech sounds simulated and (2) duration of each marker varied randomly within a range appropriate for each speech sound simulated. The task was a 2I/2AFC procedure targeting 70.7% correct discrimination. Results indicate that gap discrimination for frequency dynamic markers deteriorates with age and is poorer for random duration conditions than for fixed duration conditions. Significant correlations were found between age and gap discrimination and between hearing sensitivity and gap discrimination. [Work supported by USF Research and Creative Scholarship Grant No. 1219-933-RO.]

Reduced cardiopulmonary baroreflex sensitivity in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

We sought to assess baroreflex function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We have previously demonstrated a specific abnormality in the afferent limb of the cardiopulmonary baroreflex in patients with vasovagal syncope. Patients with HCM exhibit abnormal control of their vasculature during exercise and upright tilt; we therefore hypothesize a similar abnormality in the afferent limb of the cardiopulmonary baroreflex arc. We investigated 29 patients with HCM and 32 control subjects. Integrated baroreceptor sensitivity was assessed after administration of phenylephrine. Cardiopulmonary baroreceptor sensitivity was assessed by measuring forearm vascular resistance (FVR) during lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Carotid artery baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by measuring the in RR interval during manipulation of carotid artery transmural pressure. The integrity of the efferent limb of the reflex arc was determined by studying responses to both handgrip and peripheral alpha-receptor sensitivity. During LBNP, FVR increased by only 2.36+/-9 U in patients, compared with an increase of 123+/-8.76 U in control subjects (p=0.001). FVR paradoxically fell in eight patients, but in none of the control subjects. Furthermore, FVR fell by 4.9+/-5.6 U in patients with a history of syncope, compared with an increase of 4.7+/-7.2 U in those without syncope (p=0.014). Integrated and carotid artery baroreflex sensitivities were similar in patients and control subjects (14+/-7 vs. 14+/-6 ms/mm Hg, p=NS and -3+/-2 vs. -4+/-2 ms/mm Hg, p=NS, respectively). Similarly, handgrip responses and the dose/response ratio to phenylephrine were not significantly different. This study suggests that patients with HCM have a defect in the afferent limb of the cardiopulmonary reflex arc.

Racialized Space and the Culture of Segregation: "Hewing a Stone of Hope from a Mountain of Despair"

t Professor of Law, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles. My subtitle is taken from Martin Luther King's speech, Have a Dream. MARTIN LUTHER KING,JR., I HAVE A DREAM: WRITINGS AND SPEECHES THAT CHANGED THE WORLD 105 (James M. Washington ed., 1992). This Paper was generously supported with a Loyola Law School Research and Scholarship Grant. I also received valuable research assistance from Michael D'Angelo,J.D. Candidate 1996, Loyola Law School. This Paper was earlier presented on February 24, 1995 at the University of Pennsylvania Law Review's Annual Symposium, ShapingAmerican Communities: Segregation, Housing & the Urban Poor. The Paper is in effect a Part II to John 0. Calmore, Spatial Equality and the Kerner Commission Report: A Back-to-the-Future Essay, 71 N.C. L. REV. 1487 (1993), which was part of a symposium entitled The Urban Crisis: The Kerner Commission Report Revisited, 71 N.C. L. REV. 1283-1785 (1993). My critical orientation and normative reflection here are influenced by critical race theory. See MARIJ. MATSUDA ET AL., WORDS THAT WOUND 3-7 (1994) (discussing early themes of critical race theory); Kimberle Crenshaw, A Black Feminist Critique of Anti-Discrimination Law and Politics, in THE POLITICS OF LAW: A PROGRESSIVE CRITIQUE 195, 213-14 n.7 (David Kairys ed., rev. ed. 1990) (same); Angela P. Harris, Foreword: TheJurisprudence of Reconstruction, 82 CAL. L. REV. 741 (1994) (discussing the development and promise of critical race theory); see also Anthony E. Cook, The Spiritual Movement Towards Justice, 1992 U. ILL. L. REV. 1007 (setting out a framework for critical race theory to construct an effective synthesis between particularism (nationalism) and universalism (integration)). I intend this writing to be consistent with Iris Young's admonition that social description and explanation should be critical-that is, aim to evaluate the given in normative terms. Without such a critical stance, many questions about what occurs in society and why, who benefits and who is harmed, will not be asked, and social theory is liable to reaffirm and reify the given social reality. IRIS M. YOUNG, JUSTICE AND THE POLITICS OF DIFFERENCE 5 (1990). 1 Michael P. Seng et al., Counseling a Victim of Racial Discrimination in a Fair Housing Case, 26J. MARSHALL L. REV. 53, 54 (1992). 2 Kenneth B. Clark, Epigraph to DOUGLAS S. MASSEY & NANCY A. DENTON, AMERICAN APARTHEID: SEGREGATION AND THE MAKING OF THE UNDERCLASS at xi (1993).

Scholarship grant for women awarded

Scholarship grant for women awarded

A practical guide to assist hospitals and physicians obtain fellowship tax exclusion.

This article concerns the exclusion from taxable income of scholarship and fellowship grants received by residents and research assistants under Section 117 of the Internal Revenue Code. As is often the case, frequent litigation has resulted in confusion, and it has become difficult for the individual physician or institution to determine the extent and scope of exclusions that are possibly available.The enactment of Section 117 in 1954 was intended by Congress to provide an exclusion from taxable income to students for all scholarship and fellowship income received. However, the courts, which had to interpret the intended meaning of “scholarship” and “fellowship” income, developed three often inconclusive and contradictory tests — the primary purpose, compensation, and control tests. 1969, the United States Supreme Court, in the case of Bingler v. Johnson, synthesized these three tests into a single standard, the quid pro quo test. The Court held that the meaning of “scholarship” and “fellowship” intended by Congress comported with the ordinary understanding of the terms, that is, as relatively disinterested, “no-strings” educational grants, with no requirement of any substantial quid pro quo from the recipient.

AGI Scholarship Program

I want to thank each AGU member for his share of the $800 check forward to the American Geological Institute's Minority Participation Program. You have been kind and generous. Your gift will go directly for the scholarship grants with no overhead of any type charged against it.We appreciate your gift for several reasons. From a pragmatic viewpoint there is much talent in our young minority people, and the profession, industry, and our country would be that much the poorer for not availing ourselves of this talent.