Scholarly Writings Research Articles

Is the African Cinema Definition ‘Real’ or ‘Idealistic’

To a large extent, the world seems to have seen more films from the West than from anywhere else. In sub-Saharan Africa for example, it was not until the early 1960s that the Africans had the opportunity to stand behind the lens to tell their own story. Unlike the cinema of the West, ‘African cinema’ was borne more out of the resistance to its representation by the West. From Ousmane Sembene’s time till now, other filmmakers from Anglophone as well as Lusophone countries have made different films on different subjects about nation and culture. But in many scholarly writings, for several years, these national cinemas are not seen as such but are bundled up under the rubric of African cinema. Who defines African cinema, can we look at its constituents as national cinemas? Is the definition known before evolving? Are the films made in contemporary times in cosmopolitan settings losing their ‘Africanness’? Does the term African cinema possess colonial undertones? This article seeks to trace the beginnings of African cinema and its evolution and find out how the cinemas in sub-Saharan Africa especially kowtowing to the pigeonhole of the idealism of how the West defines it, or whether gradually the emerging stories from different nations are making the world rethink films from Africa in a different or ‘real’ way. The paper further considers the progress of filmmaking in Anglophone Africa, with a particular reference to Ghana and how this art wrapped in culture and ideology has defined itself over the years. The study adopts analytical and historicocritical methods.

Can a Catholic be Liberal? Roman Catholicism and Liberalism in a Political Economy Perspective (1800–1970)

The philosophy of the Enlightenment and political thought of modernity found tough opposition in the Roman Catholic Church. Liberalism was associated with Free Masons and revolutionary intent. Nonetheless, liberalism and political economy stimulated some theoretical analysis and specific theoretical positions in terms of social philosophy and social economics by the Church. This paper presents an analysis of encyclical letters and other papal documents, as well as the writings of other Catholic scholars, to elaborate on the theoretical points used to contrast liberalism. Compromises, as well as turning points in the evolution of the Catholic position, are investigated. Lastly, the epistemological and historical reasons for the affinity of Roman Catholicism with ethical liberalism and the limits of this similarity are discussed. 1. Liberal and Catholic, an Italian drama

Upgrading Authoritarianism During the Arab Uprisings: Armed Non-State Actors’ Confessional Alliances and Aborted Democratization in Syria

ABSTRACT How did authoritarian rulers succeed to consolidate their rule during the Arab uprisings? In answering this question, this study sheds light on al-Assad regime’s resilience through the mobilization of armed non-state actors’ sectarian alliances. Unlike scholarly writings touching upon authoritarianism in the Middle East, this study builds on alliance politics theory in arguing for authoritarian upgrading during the uprisings where armed non-state actors’ sectarian alliances manifested a balance of interests, plunged calls for democratization into a security dilemma, and asserted dictators’ grip on power. Drawing on a Critical Discourse Analysis of al-Assad and warlords’ speeches, statements, and video releases, this study extends debates on authoritarian restitution in the Middle East towards armed non-state actors’ sectarian alliances as an innovative mechanism for rule sustainability.

The Status of Sahib Al-Zaman's Shrine in Hilla For Shiite Scholars

Hilla is one of the important cities in Iraq، which was founded at the end of the fifth century AH. In this city there is a shrine attributed to the Imam Sahib al-Easr and al-Zaman، which received the interest of Shiites in general and great scholars.This research attempts، in the writings of the great Imami scholars، to prove that they did not exaggerate about this Shrine، and they dealt with it from a position of superiority and respect، they did not allow a deviation towards the shrine، and they also intended to show a brilliant image in the minds of Shiite، so that it is in line with other Shiite teachings and is a center for promoting this shrine as a place for communicating Shiite knowledge.

Graduate Nursing Student Scholarly Writing: Improving Writing Proficiency

Since 2011, enrollment in Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) graduate nursing programs increased by almost 300%, suggesting that nursing had entered its “golden age.” This steep-growth trajectory reflects the concomitant growth in the number of doctoral programs, today exceeding 435 for the combined DNP and Ph.D. degrees. Unfortunately, the recent progress in advancing nurses in academic programs is hampered by a weakness in a competency crucial for nurses to complete their rigorous academic programs and disseminate research findings or evidence-based practice project interventions: academic writing proficiency. Since nursing curricula at the undergraduate level place lesser emphasis on the humanities, nursing students lack training in the liberal arts compendium of logic, grammar, and rhetoric necessary for effective and articulate communication and dissemination of knowledge in the field of nursing. Data generated from a recent national survey offers new perspectives on the pervasive problem of poor scholarly writing evidenced by students in graduate nursing programs: 97% of graduate papers contain grammatical errors, and only 13% of students demonstrate higher-order skills. While 81% of graduate program faculty ranked their own writing ability as “exceptional” or “highly proficient,” graduate faculty noted that 97% of the time, student papers evidenced numerous grammatical errors, such as flawed sentence structure, run-on sentences, punctuation errors, and ambiguous word choice. These data suggest that graduate nursing programs must pursue avenues to address student writing shortfalls. The authors opine that the absence of action suggests that graduate nursing programs may be in a dilemma that parallels the metaphor and urban legend of the boiled frog, wherein acceptance of an unacceptable change occurs gradually through minor, unimportant, and unnoticed increments. Aimed at addressing this dilemma, the authors discuss the potential value of offering a customized writing course to refresh and improve students’ basic writing mechanics. A sample curriculum focuses on critical thinking, clarity, and logical flow. Nursing academicians must acknowledge the drift to low writing performance in their students, advance proficiency in scholarly writing to the top of the graduate nursing education’s agenda, and prepare nurses to achieve in nursing’s “golden age.”

Aging in Style: Seniority and Sentiment in Scholarly Writing

Aging in Style: Seniority and Sentiment in Scholarly Writing

Foundations of Scholarly Writing

Foundations of Scholarly Writing

Analisis Manhaj Ilmu Rasm dalam Surah Al-Baqarah: Kajian Manuskrip Al-Quran MSS 4322 Karangan Pangeran Jimat

Rasm is a learn about the writing of the mushaf al-Quran specifically either in writing, pronunciation or the forms of letters used. The purpose is as a guide to the next copyist of the Qur'an so that his writing does not deviate from the writings of the companions of the Prophet SAW. The main focus of this study is to analyze the manhaj rasm found in surah al-Baqarah from the manuscript al-Quran MSS 4322 collection of the National Library of Malaysia. Manuscript al-Quran MSS 4322 is a handwritten by Pangeran Jimat in Madura, Indonesia. Pangeran Jimat was a sultan who ruled Madura in the 17th century AD. This study was conducted through a philological approach. The method used throughout this study is the method of data collection through documentation method that is by analyzing the text of the Qur'an MSS 4322. The findings show that the analysis of official knowledge in the manuscript of the Qur'an MSS 4322 clearly shows the writing of official knowledge of the manuscript al-Quran MSS 4322 does not take the main view, Abu Dawud Sulayman al-Najah as the opinion in the mushaf of Madinah and the second view of Abu Amr Uthman bin Sa'id al-Dani represents the view of the mushaf of the Libyan Jamahiriyah. Especially, in setting seven methods in Uthman official writing, namely hadhf alif, ziyadah alif, ziyadah waw, ziyadah ya and words that contain two or more readings. All in all, more to the writing of the Imla’i rasm except only on the determination of the method of hadhf alif on ha tanbih, hadhf alif on the noun isim, ibdal alif on waw, wasl, fasl and the use of hamzah wasal and hamzah qata ’only using the Ottoman rasm. The findings of this study, the author proposes that this study can be done continuously on other surah in the manuscript of the Qur'an MSS 4322, especially aspect rasm. Therefore, this manuscript of the Qur'an is a great manuscript that will enhance the dignity and writings of previous scholars academically and more authoritatively to the digital generation, especially in the field of the Qur'an.

Ethics in Muslim Writing and Research Methodology: The Case of Ibn Khaldun's Scholarly Writing

This study examines the concept and practice of scholarly writing among Muslim scholars, with a special reference to 'Abdul Rahman Ibn Khaldun (d.1406). The research draws on a textual analysis of Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah and other early Muslim works regarding the craft of writing while addressing the broader, wider context of writing ethicality and its influence on social consciousness. This study discusses the worldview and ethics of writing, concepts, and terminologies, sources and objectives, investigation, and styles of presentation according. This research demonstrates that Ibn Khaldun’s writing methodology and style continue to stand as a prime example for scholarship in the social sciences and that his spiritual beliefs and value system served to further enhance the originality and rigor of his writing and conceptual schemes. Further inductive research conducted across a larger body of Muslim literature will bring about interesting insights on the relationship between spirituality and research writing, as well as the historical contribution of Muslim authors to the advancement of universal knowledge.

'The Machine Takes Our Jobs Away': The problem of technological unemployment in the work of Chicago sociologist William F. Ogburn.

This paper examines the Chicago sociologist William F. Ogburn's (1886-1959) views about technological unemployment, which were intimately connected to his analysis of the social impacts of technological developments and resulting social problems due to cultural lag. We trace the development of his views as seen through his well-known 1922 book, Social Change with Respect to Culture and Original Nature, his important contributions to the President's Research Committee on Social Trends (1933), and his lesser-known pamphlets designed for a broader audience-Living with Machines (1933), You and Machines (1934), and Machines and Tomorrow's World (1938). He used these pamphlets to educate the public about the dangers of new machines and technological unemployment. In doing so, he drew upon sociological analysis in his professional scholarly writings and his long-standing personal interests in social betterment and social reform. Our analysis also calls into question the adequacy of existing scholarship on Ogburn that has emphasized his commitment to a statistical, dispassionate, and "objectivist" approach to social science research. We call for a revised, richer, and more complex view of Ogburn's work and legacy as one of the nation's leading social scientists during the first half of the 20th century.

The role of the Security Council and its authorisation to use force to create normative markers in democratic governance discourses

ABSTRACT This article investigates how international law scholars construct their argument when they argue for the emergence of a new customary norm. It focuses on scholarly writings discussing whether there is an emerging customary norm which requires states to legitimise their governance through democratic rule. By conceptualising international law as a set of narratives, the article concentrates on democratic governance discourses to analyse how scholars resort to the involvement of the Security Council as a narrative technique that provides persuasiveness to their argument. The article argues that international lawyers keep reproducing the same interpretation regarding the involvement of the Security Council in Haiti, Sierra Leone and Côte d’Ivoire, to the extent that these cases have become the normative markers of this narrative. The accretion of several writings upholding the same interpretation of these cases transforms them into normative markers of democratic governance discourses that help to prove an emerging customary norm.

A critical appraisal of East African Community Law governing economic subsidies and their impact on competition

This article examines the effectiveness of the East African Community legal framework governing economic subsidies and their impact on competition in controlling the granting of such subsidies by Governments of the Partner States. It employs qualitative techniques involving documentary review of legal instruments, case law and scholarly writings, as well as interviews with selected officials in relevant portfolios in Kenya and Tanzania. The research concludes that the legal standards for the regulation of economic subsidies facilitate the effective limitation of the intervention in the market by Governments of the Partner States. The standards may, accordingly, be applied to limit their intervention in the market, using economic subsidies only to the extent strictly necessary to correct market failure. It also establishes, in contrast, that the regulatory institutions are unsuitable, with reference to their power, to limit the intervention in the market by the said Governments. Accordingly, it, recommends that the institutional framework of the Community be reviewed so as to safeguard the functional autonomy of the regulatory institutions and harmonise their mandates.

Locating Kashmiriyat in Ancient History: Tracing the Genealogy of Kashmir’s Syncretic Culture

The discourse on Kashmiriyat (or Kasheryut) was majorly invoked in the late twentieth-century Kashmir by diverse, often conflicting, ideological strands to legitimize their respective political positioning in the context of post-1947 political stirrings in Jammu and Kashmir. However, the discourse has remained shrouded in ambiguity owing to the multiple, disparate meanings and connotations attached to it. More commonly the term has been understood to imply a syncretic culture of Kashmir devoid of religious fundamentalism and exclusion.KL So far as the historicity of Kashmiriyat is concerned, the existing scholarly writings on the discourse have tried to locate its origins in the medieval times when the interaction and subsequent synthesis occurred between Hinduism and Islam in Kashmir; a mystic manifestation, Rishism, is often referred as the best example of this ideational formation. However, the paper attempts to argue that while the idea of Kashmiriyat as syncretic culture of Kashmir devoid of religious fundamentalism holds ground, it cannot be clearly steered away from a particular religious affiliation altogether. Secondly, this paper challenges the existing historicity and ideational trajectory of Kashmiriyat and instead attempts to trace its genealogy to Kashmir’s ancient past.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF JASMINE CULTIVATION TO RURAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SHIRVA, UDUPI DISTRICT—A CASE STUDY

Purpose: The purpose of the research in this context of the remarkable development of the Shirva area due to jasmine cultivation is to dene, challenge, and overcome the various problems faced by farmers so that farmers can better shape their life's. The paper describes the jasmine crop's contribution to the development of rural areas. The growers of the jasmine crop have realised impressive economic benets and increased their income as a result. This article also discover that the same procedures should have to be followed. This study based on primary data collected by 100 sample respondents from t Design/Methodology/Approach: he cultivators of jasmine and marketing people of Shirva. Secondary data was collected from journal papers, books, web pages, and other scholarly writings. Finding/Result: The study helps us to understand the involvement of jasmine growers in the economic growth of the area, thereby attaining allaround development. Achivement of economic growth, free ow of funds, and other challenges to jasmine and its marketing. Originality/Value: This study is an attempt to trace the role of jasmine farmers in the development of the rural area and the factors responsible for the economic growth and development of the farmers. case study-based research analysis.

Ethnogenesis and Stranger-Kings in Old Scandinavian Literature

Ethnogenesis and Stranger-Kings in Old Scandinavian Literature

Can Economic Sanctions be Grounds for Exemption under the CISG?

Purpose - This paper studies whether economic sanctions can be used as grounds for a party to an international sales contract to get an exemption if he fails to meet his contractual obligation. Because the answer can differ depending on the governing law of the contract, this study focuses on CISG, the most widely recognized international uniform legal instrument as the governing law of the international sale of goods.
 Design/methodology - This paper focuses on analyzing the conditions to meet before getting an exemption under CISG. For such analysis, this paper examined various scholarly writings, cases, and hypothetical examples reflecting a wide variety of economic sanction measures.
 Findings - The findings of this paper are as follows. The main provision for exemption under CISG is Article 79(1), which provides for an exemption for a party that failed to perform if such failure was caused by an impediment that was uncontrollable, unforeseeable, and unavoidable; either a seller or a buyer may rely on the Article for his non-performance, delay, or defective performance. The Article is applicable not only where the economic sanction caused impossibility of performance but also where it caused hardship. The economic sanction will likely be found to be an uncontrollable impediment; however, it will be relatively more difficult to prove it to be unforeseeable or unavoidable.
 Originality/value - The subject of this paper is whether a party can be exempted from liability under CISG when he fails to perform his contractual obligations due to economic sanctions. Given that this issue is now actually faced by many involved in international trade, it is expected to provide practical help to practitioners and companies alike.

중세 무슬림 학자들의 고대 이집트 연구와 근대 유럽의 이집트 연구에 미친 영향

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the study of ancient Egypt conducted in the medieval Islamic world influenced the development of modern Egyptology in Europe after the 15th century. Medieval Muslim scholars such as Ibn Waḥshiyya made the most remarkable achievements in the study of Egyptian hieroglyphs. They found that the ancient Egyptian language was closely related to the Coptic language, and that some of the Egyptian hieroglyphs had phonetic values. And the writings of Muslim scholars were introduced to Europe by Athanasius Kircher in the 17th century and Joseph von Hammer in the 19th century. And it is believed that the ideas of Muslim scholars provided a very important clue to Champollion in the process of deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs in 1822.

Some observations on contemporary financial proposals

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the views of scholarship in South Asia regarding Riba and Riba-free finance, including the conservative and realist schools in mainstream thought and the assimilative and interpretive schools in liberal thought.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses textual analysis to critically review the writings of scholars in South Asia on contemporary issues regarding Riba and Riba-free finance. It provides a critical review in the light of Islamic jurisprudence and extant Islamic economics literature.FindingsThere are several characteristics in conventional banking and finance products that do not comply with Islamic teachings. In this scenario, Islamic banking is comparatively a better alternative to conventional banking and finance products to achieve Shari’ah compliance and avoid indulging in Riba.Practical implicationsVoluntary financial exclusion to avoid Riba is significant in Muslim-majority countries. Increased penetration of Islamic finance requires clarity on what is Riba and confidence in Riba-free alternatives. Outreach efforts of Islamic financial institutions use conventional banking as a frame of reference to provide a critique of interest-based banking. However, the apprehensions within the Islamic finance literature also need to be answered to change perception and enhance people’s willingness to use Islamic banking. Doing this can expedite the process of financial inclusion as well as help in the transformation of the economy on Riba-free foundations in a reasonably quick timeframe.Originality/valueThis is the first study to critically evaluate the financial proposals presented and propagated by the contemporary interpretive school in South Asia.

Inequality degree within the country in the context of realising the Sustainable Development Goals

The article assesses the inequality degree within Russia in the context of realising the Sustainable Development Goals. The review of foreign and domestic scholarly writings, focusing on current issues of implementation and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, is presented. The authors reviewed the indicators development degree of sustainable development in Russia as of December 2021. It is determined that Goal 3 “Ensure healthy lifestyles and promote well-being for all at all ages” is the most fully disclosed. Based on the National Indicators of Goals 3, an original system of statistical indicators for assessing inequality between regions has been compiled and substantiated. According to the indicators presented in the above-mentioned system, the clustering procedure of the Russian regions was carried out, and the assessment and interpretation of the selected clusters were given. The content distribution into typological groups was practically not influenced by territorial affiliation. A significant role was played by direct indicators, included in the indicator system, and indirect factors, affecting both the development of the region and the socio-economic well-being of the inhabitants of these regions. The authors believe that there remains relevant to study the transformations that the two divergent flows will take place in the coming years: 1) existing national projects and state programmes to solve the tasks and achieve the planned values formulated in the National Set of Sustainable Development Goals Indicators in the part of Goal 3; 2) the current epidemiological situation, which in the period 2020–2021 has already made tangible changes in the size and composition of the population.

The Concept of Access to Sustainable Energy Sources in the Doctrine of International Law

In today’s world, energy is one of the fundamental industries and is essential for economic development, poverty eradication and adaptation to the effects of climate change. Access to sustainable energy sources (RES) is the foundation of modern sustainable energy, and international law has a key role to play in achieving such access. The aim of the study is a theoretical consideration and generalization of the positions of modern scientists within the framework of international energy law in terms of access to RES. The genesis of access to sustainable energy sources in the writings of scholars on international energy law originates from the work of Professor A. D. Bradbrook, who considers such access primarily through the prism of international human rights law and notes the paramount task of achieving universal access to RES in order to reduce poverty. R. D. Heffron formulated the access under study as one of the basic principles of international energy law, at the same time, the main place in the author’s works in this area is given to the concept of energy justice. S. Bruce noted the high importance of the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative, the International Renewable Energy Agency and Sustainable Development Goal No. 7 in achieving researched access, and also highlighted a number of international agreements as instruments of particular importance for access to RES.