Scholarly World Research Articles

Cultivating a female presence in the early eighteenth-century learned community

Abstract During the early modern period, printed portraiture became increasingly crucial for shaping the public image of scholars. But what if your appearance didn’t fit the ideal image of a scholar, yet you still sought to be recognized in scholarly circles? This article examines the case of Maria de Wilde, daughter of the renowned Amsterdam collector of antiquities Jacob de Wilde, to reveal the strategies learned women and their advocates employed to navigate this challenge. By analyzing how her portraits were crafted and contributed to her perceived credibility within the learned community, I argue that these portraits could play a crucial role in women’s pursuit of acceptance in the male-dominated scholarly world of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. By blending women’s inherent femininity with their desired intellectual authority in a single visual representation, these portraits served as powerful tools in women’s ongoing quest for intellectual recognition.

Jāme‘ al-Hedāyat fī ‘Elm al-Remāyat: a forgotten source from the Ilkhanid period

Research objectives: To emphasize the importance of Jāme‘ al-Hedāyat fī ‘Elm al-Remāyat in terms of medieval Mongolian and Iranian cultural history and to contribute to the recognition of this important source in the world. Research materials: The author of the article examines Jāme‘ al-Hedāyat fī ‘Elm al-Remāyat, the source of the research, and the current literature on the subject. Results and novelty of the research: Mongol history studies in the world are quite advanced in the light of resources and research. However, many issues waiting to be uncovered and many resources waiting to be discovered are waiting for researchers. Most studies focus on political history where sources tend to provide more information. Nevertheless, although few, cultural sources written during the Mongolian states have survived to the present day. One of these sources is Jāme‘ al-Hedāyat fī ‘Elm al-Remāyat, written in Iran during the Ilkhanid period. It is an important treatise on archery history. The treatise was written in Persian. Although this source is a very rare source from the medieval Iranian period, it is not well known among researchers. The novelty of this study is to introduce Jāme‘ al-Hedāyat fī ‘Elm al-Remāyat, an important cultural source of Mongolian and Iranian history, to the scholarly world and to identify the studies on this source.

BRĂILA MOSQUES OF THE OTTOMAN PEROID

After the military expedition against Petru Raresh (1527-1538) in the Taurus, Brăila was annexed to the Ottoman Empire in 1539 and, according to contemporary sources, a fortress was built there. From that moment on, the city and its surroundings underwent a process of Islamisation. According to the 1570 census, there were 116 Muslim households in the city and four mosques. With the Islamisation of the city, the number of Muslim places of worship increased over time. At the beginning of the 19th century, there were 38 different mosques in Brăila, although some of them were destroyed. The year 1829 was an important year in the history of the city. In this year, the city came under Russian and Vlach rule, and thus the face of the city changed. In this period when a new city was being created, the identity of the city changed and the mosques and masjids from the old periods lost their functions as there was no more Muslim population in the region. Some of these buildings were demolished and some were used for other purposes, even for a short time. Only one of these mosques was rescued, restored and converted into the Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel in the centre of the city. Due to the scarcity of information on Muslim places of worship in Brăila in the Ottoman period, there is no study on this subject yet. The information published in the studies on Brăila supported by the data collected from Romanian and Ottoman archival documents, has been brought together in this article and presented to the attention of the scholarly world.

Uncovering the reasons of retraction in virology: a citation and Altmetric investigation

Purpose This paper aims to delve into the critical examination of retractions in virology to identify the underlying factor that led to the retraction of scientific publications in this specialised domain. Further, this study offers insights into the impact of the retracted publications in the scholarly world vis-à-vis citation and Altmetric indicators. Design/methodology/approach The top 100 highly cited retracted articles from virology category were taken from the Web of Science (WoS) database. The Retraction Watch database was used for knowing the reasons for retraction for each retracted publication. The citation and Altmetric score of retracted publications were noted down from WoS and Altmetric.com databases, respectively. Journal Citation Report was used to note down the impact factor of the journals that have published these articles. Findings “Misconduct” (57.73%) is the most prevalent reason for the retraction of publications followed by plagiarism (18.55%) and journal issues (14.43%). The retracted papers are cited even after their retraction. Around 70.52% citations were received before and 29.47% after retraction. The highest number of retracted papers was published in the Journal of Virology (14) and Journal of Chemistry (10). High-impact factor journals such as Lancet, Cell and Nature each own one retracted paper. The study found dissemination of these publications through social media platforms with highest social media mentions (394) followed by policy and patents mentions (373) and news and blog mentions (300). Practical implications The research delves into understanding the reasons behind the retraction of virology papers and the impact of these publications through citation and Altmetric analyses. Its impactions include bolstering quality control in virology research, maintaining trust in scientific literature. Citation and Altmetric analyses offer deep insights into the broader impact of retracted papers, informing policy and publishing practices to uphold scientific integrity in virology. Originality/value This study addresses a specific and crucial aspect of scientific research retractions within the field of virology. While retractions have been studied in broader terms in scientific research, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such study has been conducted in the scientific field of virology.

THE EDUCATIONAL VALUES OF MULTICULTURAL ISLAM IN TURATS SIROJUTTHOLIBIN KIAI IHSAN JAMPES KEDIRI

Multicultural differences are inevitable, especially in the academic life of primary and higher education. To accept this difference, one must be plural or tolerant of diversity. In the context of soul education, the great name Kiai Ihsan Jampes is no stranger to the general public. The purpose of this research is to find the values of multicultural Islamic education in the world's scholars of his origins to the extent to which, along with its analysis, as well as carefully studying the methods, approaches, and dimensions of multiculturalism existing in his turats. Methods used This research belongs to the category of library research and uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The values of multicultural Islamic education reflected by his Turats, at least, are the need to treat others with care, tolerance, and compassion, which is not at all compelling in calling for good. The methods reflected in the above turats are methods of contribution, decision-making, and social action. The approach is aesthetic. The dimensions contained are the dimensions of prejudice reduction. This study contributed to the development of religious moderation and revealed that previous scholars have suggested the importance of a tolerant, moderate attitude in order to form an agamistic and nationalist soul that benefits the long-term revival of human resources.

Toward a globally inclusive knowledge base on adolescent development: A charge to the Majority World and a plea for epistemic and paradigmatic pluralism.

Ongoing internal dialog on the limitations of Euro-American developmental science has opened up space to explore how best to work toward a knowledge base that is adequately representative of the values, cultures, epistemic traditions, and lived experiences of peoples, nations, and regions around the world. So far, recommendations for the advancement of a global developmental science have focused preponderantly on (1) methodological considerations and (2) an architecture to support cross-disciplinary international collaborative inquiry and/or enhance research capacity building for Majority World scholars and institutions. In this commentary, instead of focusing on specific contributions to the Special Issue, I make a case for an explicit commitment to field-building within Majority World contexts as the primary gap-closing path toward the cultivation of a global developmental science knowledge base. I begin with a worldwide population analysis to demonstrate the magnitude of geopolitical, eco-cultural, and epistemic imbalances inherent in the shaping of Euro-American developmental science. In tandem with the Special Issue's central theme, I draw on scholarship from the fields of history, sociology, and political economy to link decolonial theory to the advancement of a global developmental science. Finally, I explore ways in which exemplary research establishments already engaged in prolific inquiry and research training may be ideal candidates to support field-building and help to advance multidisciplinary inquiry within an ethos of epistemic and methodological pluralism.

Embracing the hidden potential: The contribution of majority world research to developmental science.

Research on adolescence from the Majority World possesses major hidden potential in contributing to global adolescent research and developmental science more broadly. In this commentary, the authors (1) describe the background and the process through which this special issue came into fruition, (2) introduce the emic approaches to study the influences of macro-contextual variations on developmental science and provide several pertinent examples on the contributions of Majority World research, (3) elaborate on challenges and barriers that Majority World scholars often face in conducting and disseminating their research, and (4) a few actionable steps and recommendations in promoting the representation and inclusion of Majority World research into global developmental science. Only when our field fully integrates findings from all regions of the world will we be able to develop a fundamental scientific representation and understanding of what it means to be an adolescent, how adolescents develop over time, and what tasks or phenomena in adolescent development are truly universal or specific to particular groups, regions, or areas.

Hans Jonas: The Last German Philosopher and His Jewish Challenge to Modernity: Affirming Life

Abstract Victorio Hosle called Hans Jonas “the last German philosopher.” Jonas’ Memoirs connect changing philosophical priorities with devastating life events. The shock of learning of his former mentor, Heidegger’s, affiliation to National Socialism, his exile from Germany and his mother’s death in Auschwitz, made the conceptual universe of German Idealism, Husserl and Heidegger, seem nihilistic and akin to a Gnostic denigration of worldliness. The brutal wartime realities exposed a callous removal from nature and any meaningful humanism. After soldiering in the war with “Maccabean rage,” he subsequently created his philosophical biology of organism, one which respected the corporeal, metabolic basis of life. His consequent innovations in Environmental and Medical Ethics had an enormous impact on the German scholarly world. Jonas retained a lifelong attachment to German culture and “saved” German philosophy by making critical amendments. Later in life he wrote in German, spent a sabbatical year in Germany, received the medal of honor from the Federal Republic of Germany and honorary doctorates from several German universities. The “German” Jonas brought a respect for ontology and nature to a philosophy that was prone to sterile abstractions. The life-affirming “Jewish” Jonas restored an ethical mandate for responsibility for the future of the planet and humankind to a bereft ethics.

ABU RAYHAN AL-BIRUNI: PIONEER OF SCIENCE AND SCHOLARSHIP

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, an eminent scholar of the medieval Islamic world, made significant contributions to various fields of science and scholarship during the 11th century. His work encompassed astronomy, mathematics, geography, anthropology, history, and pharmacology, among others. This article explores the enduring legacy of al-Biruni, highlighting his groundbreaking contributions to the advancement of human knowledge and his enduring influence on subsequent generations of scientists and thinkers.

Агентность в современном европейском искусстве (2017–2023) в контексте социальных и культурных трендов: проявления и эффекты

“Agency” or active transformative behavior of individuals in relation to the social world remains one of the central concepts of discussion and research for both the social and the political sciences, and for practice in the field of education, economics, culture, and social policy. The current state of societal processes, de-structuration, makes individual agency especially important for both individual and collective well-being. The contribution of art to understanding and promoting agency remains little known in the scholarly world. The purpose of this research is to study the vision of agency issues by representatives of the contemporary European artistic process in the context of social and cultural trends relevant to Europe and to compare this vision with interpretations in other spheres of public life. The authors try to show how initiatives aimed at developing agency originate in the institutional and noninstitutional art fields in Europe; how they manifest themselves and with what effects. The article puts forward a typology of agency in the contemporary cultural process: 1) social transformation; 2) escapism; 3) crisis adaptation; 4) transformation of actor; quantitative characteristics and concrete examples for each type are provided. Particular attention is paid to the concrete forms of agency that the field of art generates, and how discovered cases reflect broader processes in the social life of Europe.

“We must study and honour the scholars who... brought Russian scholarship to the forefront”: N. S. Lebedev’s Defence of the Thesis on V. G. Vasilievsky in 1943

The focus of this article is N. S. Lebedev’s dissertation (1943) entitled “V. G. Vasilevsky as a Byzantine Scholar”, which was carried out by the evacuated Leningrad branch of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences in Tashkent. The author refers to the transcript of the meeting of the Academic Council, Lebedev’s biographical materials kept for his thesis (RAS archive), and his publications. As early as the late 1930s, Lebedev had intended to write a thesis on Byzantium and the Mongols, but the inaccessibility of sources and literature during the Great Patriotic War changed these plans. In the end, a historiographical topic was chosen. Given the scarcity of such studies, a research programme had to be developed. Lebedev did not limit himself to outlining the main conclusions of the central figure of his thesis but sought to analyse the factors of Vasilievsky’s formation as a scholar and the conditions of the emergence of Byzantine studies in Russia. He also assessed the merits and shortcomings of the pre-revolutionary scholar’s work. The opponents who spoke at the debate, namely, V. I. Picheta, S. K. Bogoyavlensky and E. A. Kosminsky, emphasised the importance of the “political moment” of the defence of the thesis and the significance of Vasilievsky for national and world scholarship, paying less attention to the characteristics of Lebedev’s work. The historian’s conclusions indicate a desire to demonstrate the leadership of Vasilievsky and Russian scholarship in the study of Byzantine history. The research thus served an important ideological function, i. e. to demonstrate the achievements of Russian scholars. By updating the pre-revolutionary legacy, the debate serves as a certain marker of the revival of Byzantine studies in Russia, which began in the late 1930s and entered their active phase in 1943.

Uptown Dialogues: The Reflexive Arc of Teachers College and Teachers College Record

In the following commemorative article, the author examines intersections between his education at Teachers College, Columbia University and the Teachers College Record. He explores how the impact of specific professors—who at different times also served as editors of the TCR—mentored him into the world of scholarship. He emphasizes how the critical education at Teachers College offered a valuable frame for him to work in critical ways as a scholar and to bring this lens to his editorial work at the TC Record.

Unraveling the inner world of PhD scholars with sentiment analysis for mental health prognosis

ABSTRACT Mental health challenges among PhD scholars are a growing global concern, with a survey in the UK revealing that at least 86% of students face depression and anxiety. Social media platforms offer valuable insights into the depression levels of PhD students. Sentiment analysis for social media content can help identify indicators of anxiety, such as negative language, stress expressions, or mental health struggles. This paper uses social media and surveys to develop a dataset for Pakistani graduate students. The dataset collects 5096 social media posts from 1170 users, categorising them into anxiety (46.7%), depression (12.6%), and motivation (40.7%) based on mental health levels. The survey responses are combined with the social media dataset. Machine learning models, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Random Forest (RF), are used to detect the mental health status of PhD scholars. The study finds that 59.3% of graduate students in Pakistan face anxiety and mental health issues, indicating a need for policy reformulation in graduate programmes. The research data is available online for further research (https://github.com/dr-m-wasim/PhD-Scholars-Mental-Health).

Way‐finding agendas through Transactions

AbstractThis is the first in a series of occasional editorials in which we guide our readers through groups of papers that we consider to be ‘way‐finding’ contributions to geographical debates. Our emphasis on ‘way‐finding’ and navigating through scholarly work engages a tension we identified around Transactions' remit of publishing so‐called ‘landmark’ papers which are likely to stimulate and shape research agendas in Geography. We use this editorial as an opportunity to refocus attention away from the landmark paper as a static object of high repute that people come to visit, and towards the active role of landmarks as way‐finders used to navigate and engage with a landscape. The papers spotlighted in the editorial provide noteworthy examples of recent efforts to understand non‐human lifeworlds and the legitimisation of concepts and experiences constructed in/by Majority World scholarship. The papers are also notable for their careful approach to shaping agendas, marked by an awareness of past and present geographical scholarship, while also envisioning the discipline's future.

Writing with an accent: Travelling scholars and xenophone scholarship

Feminists have been examining the travelling and dominance of Anglophone feminist knowledge across the globe through translation and adaptation, and their revision and transformation in the process. This article suggests that feminist scholarship circulates globally through not only the travelling of theories but also the ‘travelling’ scholars who move geographically, linguistically, and intellectually in and out of the Anglophone scholarly world. It considers knowledge production as an embodied process and explores the relationship between intellectual biography and knowledge production. Directing the gaze to travelling scholars and their ‘accented’ writings, it traces the various types of ‘accents’ in the form of italics or non-Romanized scripts, the invented terms and phases, the meaning frames and conceptual constructions, and creative grafting of ideas and epistemic frameworks. Using various forms of ‘accented’ writings in feminist and queer inquiries about China as examples, this article demonstrates that moving between languages and intellectual traditions, the accented writings produced by travelling scholars can serve as important modes and foci of feminist knowledge production and have the potential to produce ‘xenophone’ scholarship that contributes to feminist knowledge production.

Open access movement in the scholarly world: Pathways for libraries in developing countries

Open access is a scholarly publishing model that has emerged as an alternative to traditional subscription-based journal publishing. This study explores the adoption of the open access movement worldwide and the role that libraries can play in addressing those factors which are slowing its progress within developing countries. The study has drawn upon both qualitative data from a focused literature review and quantitative data from major open access platforms. The results indicate that while the open access movement is steadily gaining acceptance worldwide, the progress in developing countries within geographical areas such as Africa, Asia and Oceania is quite a bit slower. Two significant factors are the cost of publishing fees and the lack of institutional open access mandates and policies to encourage uptake. The study provides suggested strategies for academic libraries to help overcome current challenges.

Aneka Metode dan Pendekatan dalam Studi Hadis

Methods and approaches in the study of hadith have experienced rapid and increasingly diverse developments. The hadith approach has also begun to venture into interdisciplinary realms by combining other perspectives in understanding hadith. However, there is currently no widely used classification of methods and approaches in the study of hadith within the field of hadith scholarship. This is because there are methods and approaches in the study of hadith that are popularly used due to their compatibility with interdisciplinary studies, while others are not. This article aims to present the popular methods and approaches implemented in the study of hadith within the academic and scholarly world. The method employed in this article is qualitative research using a literature review approach, focusing on the types of research, data sources, data collection techniques, and data analysis techniques. The data for this article were obtained from journals, books, and relevant texts that are related to the discussed topic.

How Icelandic Is French Law? A Few Remarks about the Discovery and Usage of Icelandic Antiquities in French Legal Historiography during the Nineteenth Century

How Icelandic Is French Law? A Few Remarks about the Discovery and Usage of Icelandic Antiquities in French Legal Historiography during the Nineteenth Century

Conference Report: International Scientific Conference on ‘Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Constitutional Identity’

One of the most significant questions in Europe is constitutional identity. The progression of globalisation and the federalisation of the European Union (EU), hindered sovereignty of the member states. In this climate, the notion of constitutional identity, which is a component of national identity enshrined in constitutions, has become one of the key tools for regaining autonomy. Many conflicting opinions have emerged in the scholarly world regarding the application of constitutional identity. One view is that it is just a vague instrument that aims to obstruct European integration, while another group of experts states that it is the last resort to stop the enforcement of an ideologically filled common identity generated by judicial organs, which is often contrary to national identities. To discuss this topic, a research group titled ‘Constitutional Identity and Relations Between the EU Law and the Domestic Law of the Member States’ was established. The group of renowned experts from France, Germany, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Italy, and the Slovak Republic led by Professor András Zs. Varga conducted structured scientific research using a common questionnaire. The first outcome of their work was the International Scientific Conference on the ‘Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Constitutional Identity’ presented at the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences of the Pázmány Péter Catholic University in Budapest. The event served as an extraordinary opportunity to observe the meaning of constitutional identity in member countries, how it is protected, and the similarities and differences between member states. In this short report, I summarised the fundamental points of each presentation to provide key themes and messages.

Blood transfusion for children in sub-Saharan Africa: 200 years on

In 1818, James Blundell completed the first successful human blood transfusion. This life-saving medical intervention has revolutionised patient care globally in the past two centuries. Nevertheless, many challenges remain in implementing safe blood transfusion procedures, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa 1 Ala F Allain JP Bates I et al. External financial aid to blood transfusion services in sub-Saharan Africa: a need for reflection. PLoS Med. 2012; 9e1001309 Crossref PubMed Scopus (53) Google Scholar where demand predominantly centres on acute paediatric severe anaemia and haemorrhagic complications of pregnancy and trauma. Severe anaemia, when the haemoglobin concentration drops below 6 g/dL, is very common in children admitted to hospital in sub-Saharan Africa. Infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, and sickle cell anaemia are the major underlying causes of anaemia. Outcomes remain unsatisfactory, with high mortality and high hospital readmission rates within 6 months of initial admission. 2 Phiri KS Calis JC Faragher B et al. Long term outcome of severe anaemia in Malawian children. PLoS One. 2008; 3e2903 Crossref PubMed Scopus (75) Google Scholar World Blood Donor Day on June 14, 2023, calls for donors to “Give blood, give plasma, share life, share often”. Not only is this a day to celebrate the charitable contributions of blood donors, it is an important opportunity to raise awareness that every pint of blood donated results in critically important life-sustaining therapy, especially for children in sub-Saharan Africa.