Scholarly Perspectives Research Articles

The Legitimacy of Marrying a Pregnant Woman from the Perspectives of Islamic Scholars and Legislation in Indonesia

Shotgun marriage is a serious issue that has recently become increasingly common in society. Some men who impregnate women take responsibility and are willing to marry them, while others run away and shirk their responsibility. While some men are willing to marry women who are already pregnant, the perception still exists in some parts of society that those couples must remarry after the children are born and that the children cannot be traced back to the fathers who acknowledge it. This present study aims to answer the following question: what is the legitimacy of marrying a pregnant woman according to Islamic scholars and Indonesian law in the maslahah method? The results of the study reveal that according to Abu Hanifah and his student Muhammad, it is permissible to marry a pregnant woman if the one who marries her is the man who impregnated her. However, the marriage of a pregnant woman to a man who did not impregnate her is still a matter of debate. According to Abu Hanifah and Muhammad, it is permissible, but the man should not have intercourse with her until the child is born. According to Abu Yusuf and Zafar, it is not permissible to marry a woman who is pregnant as a result of zina (fornication) with another man because it is likened to pregnancy without zina. Imam Malik does not allow the marriage of a pregnant woman because of zina and considers such a marriage to be invalid, and the woman must undergo the iddah (waiting) period. Imam Shafi'i, on the other hand, considers shotgun marriage to be valid, regardless of whether the man who marries her is the one who impregnated her or not, and it is permissible for him to have intercourse with her even though she is pregnant because the presence of the fetus does not invalidate the marriage contract. According to the Hanbali scholars, marrying a pregnant woman is not valid unless two things have been done: she has repented and she has waited out the iddah period. Article 53 of the KHI (Kompilasi Hukum Islam/The Compilation of Islamic Law) states that a woman who is pregnant outside of marriage can be married to the man who impregnated her, and the marriage can be solemnized without waiting for the child to be born. However, the KHI should also add a phrase about a man who marries a pregnant woman who is not the one who impregnated her. This permissibility does not mean condoning zina but rather accommodating the interests of Indonesian society, which is in line with the opinion of Imam Shafi’i.

Institutional theory and multinational corporation internationalization strategy: a systematic review and future research agenda

PurposeThis study reviews the literature on institutional theory in international business and examines the institutional factors behind the success or failure of multinational corporations (MNCs) in emerging markets.Design/methodology/approachThis systematic literature review analysed 116 peer-reviewed articles published in leading journals between 2005 and 2022. The R package Bibliometrix and VOSviewer visualization software were used for analysis. A hybrid methodology combining bibliometric and content analyses was utilized to obtain a descriptive evaluation of the publication impact along with a keyword co-occurrence map, context-specific institutional effects and subsidiary strategies.FindingsThe Journal of International Business Studies, along with influential authors such as Mike W. Peng, Klaus Meyer, and Mehmet Demirbag, have taken the lead in advancing institutional theories for MNC internationalization in emerging markets. The clusters from the co-word analysis revealed dominant MNC entry modes, institutional distances and MNC localization strategies. The content analysis highlights how the institutional environment is operationalized across the macro-, micro- and meso-institutional contexts and how the MNC subsidiary responds in emerging markets. Meso-level interactions emphasize the relational aspects of business strategies in emerging markets.Practical implicationsContextualizing subsidiary strategies and institutional forms can help managers align their strategic responses to the dynamic relationship between subsidiaries and the institutional environment. The review findings will enable policymakers to simplify regulatory policies and encourage MNC subsidiary networks with local stakeholders in emerging markets.Social implicationsLegitimacy strategies such as corporate community involvement in emerging markets are crucial for enhancing societal support and removing stakeholders' scepticism for MNC business operations in emerging markets. Moral legitimacy should be implemented by managers, such as lending support to disaster management efforts and humanitarian crises, as they expand to new business environments of emerging markets.Originality/valueThis study is the first to explore institutional diversity and subsidiary strategic responses in a three-layered institutional context. The findings highlight the relevance of contextualizing institutional perspectives for international business scholars and practitioners as they help build context-specific theoretical frameworks and business strategies. Future research recommendations are suggested in the macro-, micro- and meso-institutional contexts.

Causes and Impact of Sino-US Trade Confliction and US Inflation

One of the primary areas of ongoing research concerns the trade tensions between the United States and China, and the trend towards trade decoupling between these two nations. Scholars are increasingly examining the evolution of this trade dispute, its impact on the Chinese market, and the policy responses that the Chinese government should adopt. However, there remains a research gap with regards to the impact of trade tensions between the US and China on domestic inflation in the US, as well as the ability of the US government to take appropriate countermeasures. To examine the influence of US-China trade tensions on US inflation, this paper examines macroeconomic and microeconomic data from the last five years. It summarizes the local irrationalities stemming from the current inflation issue, looking at the government’s, society’s, and people’s livelihoods’ perspectives, and investigates viable measures from government, enterprise, and personal financial perspectives. It is hoped that this study will aid the expansion of Sino-US trade and the successful alleviation of the inflation crisis in the United States, while also broadening the perspectives of future scholars.

“But Now I Consydre Thy Necesse”: Augustine’s Doctrine of Jewish Witness and the Restoration of Racial Hierarchies in the Croxton Play of the Sacrament

This paper examines the depiction of Jewish and Christian merchants in the medieval English Host miracle play, the Croxton Play of the Sacrament. This play is a critical illustration of religious racialization, effectively demonstrating the perpetuation of anti-Jewish stereotypes and legitimizing violence. Positioned within a broader scholarly debate, particularly in relation to Augustine’s doctrine of Jewish witness, the play portrays Jews as allegorical figures that validate Christian theological constructs. This paper delves into the representation and linguistic depiction of Jewish characters in the play, emphasizing their systematic dehumanization and instrumentalization in Christian narratives. A significant focus is placed on the coerced conversion of Jewish characters, which forces them into the archetype of the “Wandering Jew”, thereby highlighting motifs of symbolic aggression and unending diaspora. This paper also confronts contemporary scholarly perspectives that view the play as challenging religious boundaries, positing that such interpretations overlook the ingrained racialization and marginalization of Jewish identity during the European Middle Ages. It argues that the play’s transient disruption of power dynamics ultimately reinforces prevailing social hierarchies, thereby solidifying deep-seated anti-Jewish sentiments.

Experiencing the Hutton Program Effect through the Perspective of Past Hutton Scholars

Experiencing the Hutton Program Effect through the Perspective of Past Hutton Scholars

Experiences of inequality in international collaborative research – Perspectives from environmental and sustainability scholars from Ghana, West Africa

Global north and south research partnerships are essential for building research capacity in the global south and for generating new knowledge to address complex socio-environmental problems. However, insights from various disciplines, particularly global health research, suggest that north-south research collaborations often reproduce unequal power relations and outcomes. To mitigate these, some international funding organizations have produced guidelines that promote ethical practice in collaborative research. Despite these measures, significant gaps exist in understanding how the experiences and perspectives of Global South scholars, particularly those in the field of environmental sciences, shapes discourses on unequal north-south research partnerships and the ethical guidelines developed to address disparities. To bridge this gap, we conducted explorative qualitative research focused on understanding the experiences of environmental science and sustainability researchers from Ghana in international collaborative research. Our findings revealed a general optimism among scientists regarding the benefits of international collaborative for making impactful contributions in the global south, expanding professional networks, opening opportunities to publish in high impact journals and developing new research skills. At the same time, our findings also indicate that pervasive forms of inequality centered around lack of recognition, poor clarity of roles, disrespect, unequal resource sharing, poor communication, and non-adherence to contractual agreements persist. We contribute to the ongoing scholarly debate on research inequality by proposing a framework to guide the management, design, and implementation of north-south research partnerships. Our proposed framework serves as a starting point toward identifying potential unequal and unethical issues that often arise in north-south research partnerships.

Nineteenth-Century Richard Wagner: Unconventional Female Roles and Emerging Feminist Discourse

Operas of the 19th century adhered to realism, often drawing inspiration from real-life situations. In the social context of the era, women were often relegated to positions of weakness and lacked societal status, rendering them subject to the scrutiny of male perspectives. However, Richard Wagner's operas distinguished themselves by endowing female characters with prominence and authority. This article seeks to investigate Wagner's effective empowerment of women, focusing on the plot and role analysis of Brnnhilde, the female character from "Die Walkre." Subsequently, a combination of document analysis and literature review are synthesized, showing the diverse perspectives of scholars who have examined Wagner's individualism and his portrayal of female characters in his operas. Ultimately, it is apparent that the formidable female figures in Wagner's operas boldly challenge prevailing social norms, embodying the essence of love and redemption. While scholars hold varying interpretations regarding Wagner's approach to feminism, it is irrefutable that these non-traditional female characters occupy central positions in his works, infused with profound emotions and at the core of dramatic storytelling.

Analysis of the Concept and Theoretical Perspectives of Insecurity and Sustainable Development

This paper analyzed the concept and theoretical perspectives of insecurity and sustainable development. Conceptual analysis does not result with the new definition. It is also not a comparative analysis of definitions with the purpose of formulating an all-embracing definitions. Instead, it formulates a common denominator which expresses “common conceptual distinctions underlying various conceptions and perspectives of insecurity. Thus, the objective of the paper is to examine the views, opinion and perspectives of scholars, analysts and institutions on the concept of insecurity and sustainable development. The paper to established nexus between the two concepts. The paper examined various empirical literatures and contemporary sociological theories for the explanation and understanding the link between insecurity and sustainable development. The paper discovered that there is a link between insecurity and sustainable development. Insecurity negatively affect sustainable developmental stride. Thus, it concluded that the link between insecurity and sustainable development is strong and thus should not be undermined.

Types and Definitions of Plagiarism: An Overview

Plagiarism, the act of using someone else's work without proper attribution, is a pervasive issue in academia, professional fields, and creative endeavors. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various types and definitions of plagiarism, shedding light on its nuanced manifestations and implications. By categorizing plagiarism into distinct forms such as verbatim plagiarism, paraphrasing plagiarism, mosaic plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and idea plagiarism, this study aims to offer clarity and insight into the complexity of this ethical transgression. Additionally, it explores the evolving nature of plagiarism in the digital age, considering factors such as the ease of access to information, the proliferation of online content, and the challenges posed by emerging technologies. Through an examination of case studies and scholarly perspectives, this paper highlights the importance of promoting academic integrity and fostering a culture of originality and ethical scholarship. Moreover, it discusses strategies for plagiarism prevention and detection, emphasizing the role of education, awareness, and robust citation practices in addressing this critical issue

An Analysis of Fair Use Doctrine in the Context of Palworld's Character Design: A Scholarly Perspective on Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Liberties

An Analysis of Fair Use Doctrine in the Context of Palworld's Character Design: A Scholarly Perspective on Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Liberties

Citizen TV’s Viusasa: A Tool for Encouraging Local Content Creators

Video-on-Demand (VoD) platforms have revolutionized media consumption globally, offering personalized content experiences and challenging traditional broadcasting norms. This paper investigates the role of Citizen TV’s Viusasa in promoting local content within Kenya’s dynamic media landscape and evaluates the effectiveness of its personalized content delivery. Through a comprehensive analysis of user feedback, scholarly perspectives, and industry insights, the study examines how Viusasa leverages VoD technology and personalized recommendation algorithms to enhance user engagement and satisfaction. The Mediamorphosis Theory provides a conceptual framework, illustrating Viusasa’s adaptation to technological advancements while supporting local content creators amidst competition from global streaming giants. This research highlights Viusasa’s strategic initiatives in content diversification, user interface enhancements, and market positioning, underscoring its impact on Kenya’s media industry. By fostering a platform that accommodates indigenous storytelling and cultural expression, Viusasa bridges the gap between traditional broadcast media and modern digital platforms. The findings suggest that Viusasa’s success hinges on its ability to sustainably meet the evolving preferences of Kenyan audiences while navigating challenges such as financial sustainability and content diversity. Looking forward, Viusasa’s strategic growth initiatives and partnerships with local stakeholders are crucial for its continued relevance and influence in Kenya’s media ecosystem.

Renewal of Societal Ideosphere: An Analytical Study of Medieval Philosophical Thought

This article explores the evolution of philosophical ideas and perspectives that have significantly influenced the formation of democratic societies. It examines the genesis and dynamics of these ideas, focusing on how enlightenment and education have contributed to the renewal and advancement of societal ideologies and the acquisition of global knowledge. The analysis includes insights from medieval Eastern thinkers, who addressed the necessity of knowledge development for societal progress. These scholars employed scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, and generalization to advance their ideas. The philosophical concepts and teachings, which blend national and universal objectives, are highlighted for their role in promoting democratic development and are recognized as valuable contributions to philosophical heritage. The article underscores the importance of renewing the ideosphere within democratic development and acknowledges the objective laws governing societal progress. It provides a thorough examination of the scientific and philosophical perspectives of prominent thinkers, scholars, and public figures from the Middle Ages who contributed to this renewal. The research reveals that these historical insights are crucial for the intellectual and spiritual development of the younger generation. It argues that such philosophical and intellectual traditions foster a sense of initiative, responsibility, self-sacrifice, and engagement among youth, thereby supporting and advancing national development.

Cryptocurrency in Islamic View: Sentiment Analysis Method Approach

Islamic economics focuses on realizing Islamic ideals, rahmatan lil 'alamin, which aims to provide goodness, prosperity and well-being. Halal (Positive) and haram (negative) aspects in the realm of cryptocurrency. Based on an extensive review of 23 relevant journals, this research aims to analyze the literature and explore the implications of cryptocurrency in relation to Islamic principles. This research focuses on key variables such as compliance with Sharia, riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), and transparency. By reviewing existing literature and considering the perspective of Islamic scholars and law, this paper aims to determine whether cryptocurrency is permitted or prohibited from an Islamic perspective. These findings will contribute to the ongoing discourse around the compatibility of cryptocurrencies with Islamic finance and ethics. This study emphasizes the importance of addressing halal and haram issues and implications in the cryptocurrency ecosystem. Ultimately, this research aims to provide insights and recommendations for scholars and practitioners in the field of Islamic finance and cryptocurrency.

Artistic Interactions Between Byzantine and Arab Muslims: From the Perspective of Western Scholars

Artistic Interactions Between Byzantine and Arab Muslims: From the Perspective of Western Scholars

The Dynamics of Ancient Thought: How Philosophies Shaped Changing Societal Ideospheres

In contemporary society, achieving significant national revival and progress necessitates a thorough and nuanced analysis of diverse ideas and perspectives aimed at rejuvenating our ideological framework. This includes drawing meaningful conclusions and lessons from these analyses. It is imperative to study the socio-philosophical dimensions of the evolution of various ideas concerning the renewal of societal ideology. This exploration should particularly focus on the contributions of Eastern and Western thinkers who have proposed transformative concepts for renewing consciousness and thought. The perspectives articulated by these philosophers have profoundly influenced the historical trajectory of spiritual and intellectual development across civilizations. These ideas emerged and evolved through the examination of the social environment, human relationships, and the ongoing quest to transform and understand the world. They reflect the advancement of scientific thought, spiritual progress, and the evolution of democratic societies, all of which contribute to the promotion and implementation of ideospheric renewal. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the scientific and philosophical perspectives of key thinkers, scholars, and public figures on the renewal of societal ideology. It explores the insights of ancient philosophers such as Zoroaster, Confucius, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, highlighting the critical importance of integrating these renewal concepts, with a particular focus on transforming individual consciousness.

TEACHER’S CHARISMA AND SUGGESTION AS IMPORTANT FACTORS IN THE LEARNING PROCESS / ՈՒՍՈՒՑՉԻ ԽԱՐԻԶՄԱՆ ԵՎ ՆԵՐՇՆՉԱՆՔԸ ՈՐՊԵՍ ՈՒՍՈՒՄՆԱԿԱՆ ԳՈՐԾԸՆԹԱՑԻ ԿԱՐԵՎՈՐ ԳՈՐԾՈՆՆԵՐ

This article explores the concept of suggestion, reviewing the perspectives of various scholars on the subject. It also examines the laws of suggestibility, considering how an individual's suggestibility changes based on factors such as age, gender, living conditions, and physical state. Additionally, the article delves into the role of charisma in education, highlighting its significance in teaching. It discusses how a charismatic teacher can create an effective learning environment, inspire students, and motivate them to achieve their academic goals This work examines mainly the difficulty of the students as they approach the age of adolescence, they have difficulty to be inspired, which complicates the process of acquiring knowledge. In order to achieve our goal, we used the test method to study the researcher’s level of inspiration. The main purpose is to acknowledge if students inspire. As a result, we found out that teacher’s charisma and suggestion are important factors in the learning process. To inspire a third millennium student and to improve their learning process, needs a charismatic and inspirational teacher.

Identifying Factor Associations Emerging from an Academic Metaverse Event for Scholars in a Postpandemic World: Social Presence and Technology Self-Efficacy in Gather.Town.

COVID-19 has prompted conferences to transition to online formats, inadvertently diminishing their emphasis on the social element. In online events, a sense of presence leading to a sense of companionship is limited in conventional conferencing platforms. Although the extant body of research on virtual conferences is growing, academic events in the Metaverse get little attention. Such events and their relevance to social presence within the Metaverse and associations among observable factors are seldom discussed. This study examined the perspectives of scholars in an online seminar during COVID-19 hosted in Gather.Town, a Metaverse-like conferencing environment. A hypothetical model was built to determine whether social presence and technology self-efficacy impact scholars' satisfaction and facilitate academic interactions. Ninety-three scholars in an academic seminar for research projects in information and computer education were polled to obtain data, which was then evaluated using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The proposed model explained 57.1 percent of the variables, and the findings showed that social presence and technology self-efficacy had a positive and significant impact on academic interactions and exchanges, as well as technology self-efficacy playing an essential role in determining overall satisfaction. However, social presence does not appear to have a direct impact on satisfaction, implying that a positive academic experience may still be achieved with or without the feature of being with others supported by the Metaverse. Although digital communication will only become more diverse and intense, it is important to understand how to maintain the basic character of human interactions virtually, even amid a pandemic. This research attempts to shed light on some critical factors in creating a conducive environment for future Metaverse-like academic events.

ФРАГМЕНТ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ "ІСТОРІЇ РУМУНІВʺ ЙОАНА-АУРЕЛА ПОПА (ДАКІЯ ДО РИМЛЯН)

The purpose of the publication is to introduce to the scientific circle of Ukraine a translation from the Romanian language of "The History of the Romanians" by Ioan-Aurel Pop, one of the most prominent contemporary Romanian historians, Rector of Babeș-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca (2012-2020), and President of the Romanian Academy (since 2018). The proposed translation provides a well-founded scholarly perspective on the history and civilization of the Dacians, and offers a description of the customs and beliefs of the ancient Dacians, who played a significant role in the ethnogenesis of the Romanians.

Exploring Quality in Higher Education: An Introduction and Theoretical Framework

Purpose: This paper aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the diverse dimensions that contribute to educational excellence, encompassing factors like teaching methodologies, curriculum design, assessment practices, and institutional culture. This exploration establishes a foundational framework for evaluating, enhancing, and ensuring the delivery of high-quality education, guiding institutions toward continuous improvement, and meeting the evolving needs of students and society. Methodology: Exploratory research involves the collection of information as per the keywords identified using various websites and search engines like Google, Google Scholar, and AI-based GPTs using original, review, and AI-generated focus group information this relevant information are analysed as per the research framework used and suggestions are derived. Results/Outcome: A concise summary of the paper's objectives, methodologies, key findings, and implications regarding quality in higher education are presented. This includes an exploratory analysis of the introduction and theoretical frameworks in quality in higher education. This includes the importance of quality in higher education within the contemporary educational landscape, the significance of exploring quality theories and frameworks in enhancing educational outcomes and institutional effectiveness, and definitions & interpretations of quality in higher education from scholarly perspectives. Originality/Values: Several issues like various Dimensions of Quality, Principles, and applications of Total Quality Management (TQM) in HEIs, Quality Assurance and Accreditation, Benchmarking and Continuous Improvement, Challenges in Implementing Quality Measures, and Some of the potential strategies and recommendations for addressing the challenges and advancing quality in higher education. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research.

Exploring the Concept of Nafs in Islamic Counseling: A Comprehensive Analysis of Philosophical Foundations and Implications for Education

This study comprehensively analyzes the concept of Nafs (self or soul) within Islamic counseling, bridging Islamic teachings with psychological principles. Utilizing a literature review methodology, it systematically collates and examines scholarly sources to explore the philosophical underpinnings and practical applications of Nafs in Islamic educational psychology. The research identifies three interpretations of Nafs: the entirety of an individual, the soul, and a container for ideas and desires. These interpretations are contextualized within the frameworks of guidance and counseling, examining their roles in shaping human behavior, intrinsic motivation, and subconscious influences. The study reveals the importance of Nafs in fostering holistic development in Islamic education, emphasizing moral, spiritual, and psychological dimensions. While acknowledging the existing literature's diverse scholarly perspectives and limitations, this research underlines the need for further empirical studies on Nafs’ practical applications in various educational settings. It concludes that an integrated approach to Islamic counseling, encompassing academic, moral, and spiritual aspects, is vital for nurturing a morally and spiritually intelligent generation, aligning with Islamic values.