Network Of Scholars Research Articles

From the prefect’s desk: Gerard van Swieten’s library correspondence

This article investigates library-related documents written by Gerard van Swieten (1700–72) during his tenure as Library Prefect in the Imperial Library of Vienna (1745–72). Van Swieten’s time as Library Prefect is considered through a textual analysis. Handwritten letters were deconstructed in terms of their appearance, layout, and tone in order to mine them for meaning. Furthermore, the contents were examined for library matters such as censorship, catalogues, and collection development. The Imperial Court Library held a prominent role as a repository for rare and valuable works, later becoming the National Library of Austria. Gerard van Swieten’s work as a librarian tends to be overlooked, perhaps because he is better known as the private physician of Maria Theresia, as well as a medical reformer. Nevertheless, he was a hard-working chief librarian deeply involved in all aspects of librarianship. Van Swieten endorsed modern scientific works, which were otherwise banned officially by the censorship commission, for the use of scholars in the library, expanded the collection by acquiring books through his network of scholars and publishers, and reissued library catalogues. He also provided for the comfort of users in the library reading room, at a time when such considerations were unusual. In conclusion, a proposal is made that van Swieten viewed his role as librarian with some importance and pride.

Shedding Light on the “Eclipse” Narrative: Some Notes on Pragmatism in the Twentieth Century

Shedding Light on the “Eclipse” Narrative: Some Notes on Pragmatism in the Twentieth Century

Evolving Bipartite Model Reveals the Bounded Weights in Mobile Social Networks

Many realistic mobile social networks can be characterized by evolving bipartite graphs [1], [2], in which dynamically added elements are divided into two entities and connected by links between these two entities, such as users and items in recommendation networks, followees and followers in Twitter networks, authors and scientific topics in scholarly networks, etc. However, given the fact that connections between two entities are often weighted, how to mathematically model such weighted evolving bipartite relationships, along with quantitative characterizations, remains unexplored. Motivated by this, we develop a novel Evolving Bipartite Model (EBM), which, based on empirically validated power-law distribution on multiple realistic mobile social networks, discloses that the distribution of total weights of incoming and outgoing edges in networks is determined by the weighting scale and bounded by certain ceilings and floors. Based on these theoretical results, for evolving bipartite networks whose degree follows power-law distribution, their overall weights of vertices can be predicted by EBM. To illustrate, in recommendation networks, the evaluation of items, i.e., total rating scores, can be estimated through the given bounds; in Twitter social networks, the influence of users can be roughly measured; in scholarly networks

The Internet regulation turn? Policy, Internet and technology

AbstractDuring a chaotic time for most in which our virtual world, made possible through the internet and its affordances, Policy & Internet sought the voices of scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and higher degree researchers to rethink our internet, its policy and the surrounding communication technology within our contemporary society. One emerging and overarching theme became apparent as our network of global scholars provided their insights into the academic puzzle and broader societal impact surrounding the future of the internet. That is, an ambiguity. More specifically, ambiguity as the core consideration that acts as a critical and connective glue for which we can approach the research of the internet for the coming three to five years, and a way to connect universal elements which underpin our scholarship all at once.

The Widening Global Network of Indonesian Diaspora Scholars in Malaysia

Abstract The paper discusses the global network for Indonesian diaspora scholars who work in Malaysian tertiary education, an emerging Asian education hub. The study is based on documents, text reviews, interviews, and reflections from Indonesian diaspora scholars. Our analysis identified three main themes: building academic success, brain circulation, and contributing to development in the country of origin. The analysis indicates that the interplay between the quality of human diaspora capital and Malaysian policies on higher education has shaped the academic success stories of Indonesian diaspora scholars in Malaysia. Although the Indonesian diaspora scholars in Malaysia have generated brain drain debates, the findings show that while Indonesian scholars continue to work in Malaysia, they also exercise their global networks as sources of human capital and knowledge to assist their home country.

The role of artificial intelligence in supply chain management: mapping the territory

The study aims to identify the current trends, gaps, and research opportunities in research pertaining to the disruptive field of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in supply chain management (SCM). Since SCM represents managerial innovation due to its new way of integrated system thinking, SCM has emerged as one of the most fruitful business disciplines for AI applications. The study utilises bibliometric review in tracing the evolution of AI research in SCM and further synthesises decades of past AI research efforts to develop viable solutions for various supply chain problems and then proposes promising future research themes that would enrich supply chain decision-aid tools. The study identified five main research clusters through scholarly network and content analysis. The identified themes were: (a) supply chain network design (SCND), (b) supplier selection, (c) inventory planning, (d) demand planning, and (e) green supply chain management. As the role of AI in SCM continues to grow, there is a growing need for exploiting AI as a way to add value to supply chain process. The study proposes a research framework which will help academicians and practitioners in identifying current research patterns of AI in SCM.

Dynamic Force-directed Graph with Weighted Nodes for Scholar Network Visualization

Through the growth of portals and venues to publish academic publications, the number of academic publications is growing exponentially in recent years. An effective exploration and fast navigation in the collection of academic publications become an urgent need to help academic researchers find publications related to their research and the surrounding community. A scholar network visualization approach is proposed to help users to explore a large number of academic publications concerning the strength of the relationship between each publication. The approach is realized by creating a web-based interface using D3 JavaScript algorithm that allows the visualization to focus on how data are connected to each other more accurately than the conventional lines of data seen in traditional data representation. The proposed approach visualizes data by incorporating a force-directed graph with weighted nodes and vertices to give more descriptive information of millions of raw data such as author names, publication title, publication year, publication venue and number of citations from the scholar network dataset. By introducing a weighted relationship in the network visualization, the proposed approach can give a more insightful detail of each publication such as a highly cited publication by looking at and exploring the generated interactive graph. The proposal is targeted to be incorporated into a larger-scale scholar network analytical dashboard that can offer various visualization approaches under one flagship application.

Francisco Maria Esteves Pereira (1854-1924) : un éthiopisant solitaire au Portugal

The proposal of this article is to reconstruct and follow as closely as possible the itinerary of Francisco Maria Esteves Pereira, a Portuguese Orientalist scholar of the late 19th century. At the same time to his military career, he developed a passion for Ethiopian languages and became one of the best specialists in Portugal for his generation. It is through the military archives, on the one hand, and the study of European networks of Orientalist scholars, on the other, that we can better understand how he became a specialist in ancient and modern Ethiopian. By putting his scientific production and the processes that generated it into perspective, we can try to understand his interest in certain objects of knowledge, grasp his choices and the reasons for updating them at the end of the 19th century. It is an invitation to reread the sources on the relations between Portugal, the Jesuits and Ethiopia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, taking more into account the constructions of these objects of knowledge, which sheds light on the claims that animate them.

Anyone Can Be a Researcher: The Library of Congress and Civic Engagement

In 2021, a national network of scholars, classroom educators, practitioners, and students published “Educating for American Democracy” (EAD), a report and roadmap designed to provide resources for teaching history and civics.The EAD argued that “our civic strength requires excellent civic and history education to repair the foundations of our democratic republic . . . many organizations outside schools play important roles in educating young people for constitutional democracy” (emphasis added).

Virtual Reality and Learning: A Case Study of Experiential Pedagogy in Art History

While images are central to the discipline of art history, surprisingly little research has been conducted on the uses of digital environments for teaching in the discipline. Over the past decade, more studies have emerged considering the egalitarian space that can be used by students and teachers in web-based applications and social media. A body of literature has begun to emerge out of a small network of scholars and educators interested in digital humanities and art history, providing examples of how new tools can be integrated into the standard slideshow and lecture format of the field. At the same time, the latest technology that proves revolutionary for the field has had very little study-virtual reality (VR). Additionally, sensory evidence for digital art history and the creation of immersive interactive and multimodal environments for knowledge production is still underexplored. As multiple educational metaverses are currently under development, understanding best practices and pedagogical use of VR has never been timelier. This study seeks to review the pedagogical use of VR in art history current in the field and introduces results from a study of the most effective ways to use these immersive experiences using Bloom’s revised taxonomy. Results confirm that the most effective method to structure VR assignments is to provide training on the technology, provide students with the necessary instructional material to introduce the concept, skill or technique to be learned, create or select an immersive experience that reinforces that topic, and conclude with a debrief or discussion about major takeaways from the experience.

Biomodifying the 'natural': from Adaptive Regulation to Adaptive Societal Governance.

Biomodifying technologies—such as gene editing, induced pluripotent stem cells, and bioprinting—are being developed for a wide range of applications, from pest control to lab-grown meat. In medicine, regulators have responded to the challenge of evaluating modified ‘natural’ material as a therapeutic ‘product’ by introducing more flexible assessment schemes. Attempts have also been made to engage stakeholders across the globe on the acceptable parameters for these technologies, particularly in the case of gene editing. Regulatory flexibility and stakeholder engagement are important, but a broader perspective is also needed to respond to the potential disruption of biomodification. Our case-study technologies problematize basic ideas—such as ‘nature’, ‘product’, and ‘donation’—that underpin the legal categories used to regulate biotechnology. Where such foundational concepts are rendered uncertain, a socially responsive and sustainable solution would involve exploring evolutions in these concepts across different societies. We suggest that the global observatory model is a good starting point for this ‘Adaptive Societal Governance’ approach, in which a self-organizing network of scholars and interested parties could carry out the multi-modal (meta)analyses needed to understand societal constructions of ideas inherent to our understanding of ‘life’.

Realizing Islam: The Tijaniyya in North Africa and the Eighteenth-Century Muslim World

Realizing Islam: The Tijaniyya in North Africa and the Eighteenth-Century Muslim World

Hierarchy, Race & Gender in Legal Scholarly Networks

Hierarchy, Race & Gender in Legal Scholarly Networks

Scholarly and Educational Activities of Professor Perfecky in Slovakia

The presented study synthesizes both established as well as most recent knowledge on the life and work of Professor Eugen Yulianovich Perfecky, who worked in Slovakia from 1922 until his death in 1947. He was, among other things, a graduate of the University of St Petersburg and an outstanding student of Professor A. A. Shakhmatov. The first group of Russian scholars came to Czechoslovakia in 1921, and in the same year, at the suggestion and recommendation of Prof. Vatroslav Jagič and Lubomír Niederle, he received an invitation to the newly established Comenius University in Bratislava. Within E. Perfecky’s scholarly work, the two most important areas of research were: the history of Subcarpathian Rus’ and analytical and comparative research of medieval chronicles. E. Perfecky was a supporter of the Ukrainian orientation of the national culture of Subcarpathian Russia. The outcomes of his research, particularly in the comparative studies of Russian chronicles with German, Polish, Hungarian, and Czech chronicles, significantly advanced the respective expertise, thus making him a worthy successor to the Russian textological research of early Russian chronicles pioneered by A. A. Shakhmatov. E. Perfecky maintanted a great scholarly network and worked closely with C. Slavists, such as J. Bidlo, L. Niederle, K. Jirechek, M. Weingart, J. Macurek. He cooperated with Professor Jagiсh in Vienna, with the Norwegian Slavist O. Brok, and other leading Slavists in Poland and Germany. E. Perfecky also collaborated with a number of Russian and Ukrainian emigrant historians. In Slovakia, E. Perfecky laid a solid foundation for further historical research of Russian chronicles as well as for studies of the history of Eastern Europe.

The Early Transmission of al-Suhrawardī’s ʿAwārif al-Maʿārif

This article traces the early transmission for ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī’s (539–632/1145–1234) influential Sufi treatise Benefits of Intimate Knowledge (ʿAwārif al-Maʿārif). Analyzing the biographical dictionaries, authorization certificates (ijāza), and audition (samāʿ) records in the early copies of the work, it aims to produce an initial yet complex map of scholarly networks that formally disseminated al-Suhrawardī’s masterpiece, with a focus on the first two centuries of its composition. These networks, as the article observes, go beyond the transmissions of the initiatic robe and the mystical formula of the Sufi order (ṭarīqa), insofar as some key figures in the early transmission were traditionists who neither received a Suhrawardian initiatic robe nor had any known connection with Sufism at large. The article suggests that the audition sessions of traditionist circles particularly in the Hijaz played a key role in the early transmission of ʿAwārif al-Maʿārif. Its transmission was part and parcel of the circulation of a broader set of works, those on prophetic traditions (ḥadīth) in particular, such as Musnad al-Dārimī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, and Ṣaḥīḥ al-Muslim. We find ʿAwārif al-Maʿārif in a long list of transmitted ḥadīth works, often together with another Sufi treatise, Al-Risāla penned by al-Qushayrī (d. 465/1072).

Writing Strategies

For biographical collections to form a coherent whole, literary choices had to be made and writing strategies applied to the individual segments (lives) of what was conceived as an overarching narrative or a textual ensemble. In this chapter we analyse the genres, models and traditions upon which authors, compilers and editors relied to assert the authority of the text and create a product meeting the expectations, tastes and textual practices of the community within which and for whom the biographical collection was written. We furthermore explore authoriality to establish the ways in which an author’s opinions, social entanglement and participation in scholarly networks contributed to shaping not only the content but also the style of his or her work. The comparative analysis of the written texts studied in this volume shows that authors also made consistent use of strategies of persuasion. These constituted powerful tools to build and convey a sense of trustworthiness encompassing both texts and authors: modesty (topos humilitatis) and self-confidence were, for example, put on show to strengthen the authority of a text, while prophecy provided a means to boost the legitimacy of the institution, the dynasty or the community celebrated by the biographical collection. Tropes and rhetorical devices can be identified in texts written in distant cultural regions – from Carolingian Brittany to the 14th-century Tibetan Plateau – as they allowed authors and compilers to showcase their learning and make sure to arouse and keep their audience’s attention. Focusing on writing strategies thus, surprisingly, reveals an unexpected degree of literary proximity between texts composed across Medieval Eurasia.

Faidh al-Ihsānī Naskah Manaqib Syaikh Abduṣ Ṣamad al-Palimbānī

The main problems of this research are 1) What is the general description of Faidh al-Ihsani's manuscript through a philological approach? 2) How is the biography of Shaykh Abdus Samad al-Palimbani related to the existence of the Faidh al-Ihsani manuscript and how is the analysis of the contents of the text? This research uses philological research methods with stages. The data used are qualitative data obtained from primary and secondary sources. This type of research is a library research study by presenting a facsimile edition of the FI manuscript text, transliterating the original Arabic-Malay text into Latin and at the same time analyzing it. From the research findings, it is known that the FI manuscript is a single manuscript (codex unicus), which contains several mistakes and omissions in writing the manuscript, and there are writings that are forgotten to be written. The contribution of the Faidh al-Ihsani manuscript is very important for the preparation of writing the biography of Shaykh Abdus Samad al-Palimbani, including: First, before the Faidh al-Ihsani manuscript was discovered, the history of the biography of Shaykh Abdus Samad al-Palimbani that has developed so far is still confusing and there are several mistake. Second, thanks to the presence of the FI manuscript, by itself it can neutralize and straighten the history of Shaykh Abdus Samad al-Palimbani's life journey from local sources. Third, Shaykh Abdus Samad al-Jawi al-Palimbani is a great charismatic cleric from Palembang, a well-known Sufi and writer who has a wide range of scholarship in the international network of scholars. Fourth, in the Faidh al-Ihsani manuscript it is stated that Shaykh Abdus Samad bin Abdurrahman was born in Palembang in 1150 H or at the same time 1737 AD. Fifth, Regarding the work, works and teachings of Shaykh Abdus Samad al-Palimbani until now, we can still find them, His written works such as Hidayat as-Salikin, Sair as-Salikin, and others are still being read and studied. Likewise with his teachings, reading manaqib, tarekat remembrance, especially Ratib Samman, are still carried out and practiced by the Islamic community in general.

Unpacking overtourism as a discursive formation through interdiscursivity

Descubriendo el sobreturismo como formación discursiva a través de la inter-discursividadPropósitoA medida que los destinos turísticos lidian con la disminución de las llegadas de turistas debido a las medidas del COVID-19, el debate académico sobre el “sobreturismo” permanece activo, con discusiones sobre soluciones que podrían promulgarse para contener el crecimiento excesivo del turismo y el regreso del “sobreturismo”. La ciencia tiene un papel importante y una responsabilidad en informar sobre el debate del “sobreturismo”, este artículo busca entender el constructo de “sobreturismo”, examinándolo como una formación discursiva.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueEl artículo explora los hilos temáticos recurrentes en los textos académicos sobre el “sobreturismo”, dada la coherencia de las frases como un punto nodal, mantenida parcialmente en su lugar, por un cuerpo colectivo de textos escritos por una red de académicos, los cuales han invertido tiempo en ellos. El artículo utiliza la inter-discursividad como marco interpretativo a la hora de identificar trayectorias temáticas superpuestas que se encuentran en las disertaciones existentes.HallazgosEl sobreturismo, como formación discursiva, determina lo que puede y debe decirse sobre las “verdades” evidentes de la llegada excesiva de turistas, los cambios que los turistas traen a los destinos y la gama de soluciones discursivas disponibles para gestionar o acabar con el “sobreturismo”. Como la interpelación de estos hilos temáticos en textos académicos se basa en un sentido de crisis y urgencia, encontramos que los temas contienen retórica, argumentos y metáforas que problematizan a los turistas y los construyen como objetos que necesitan control y corrección.Originalidad/valorSi bien la persistencia de la formación discursiva estará determinada por el grado en que los académicos y otros actores se reconozcan en ella, este artículo puede permitir a los estudiosos del “sobreturismo” tomar conciencia de los límites de su dominio discursivo y ayudarlos a expandir el discurso o tejer un discurso nuevo.

Non-Response to Population Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Survey of Gerontology Scholars

Life expectancy is increasing globally, with the biggest gains expected in sub-Saharan Africa. In fact, most of the population growth globally in the next few decades will occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Using an online survey we investigated the perspectives of gerontology scholars on the challenges of aging in sub-Saharan Africa as well as the assets of elders. Respondents (n=72) from 17 countries, primarily in Africa, and representing 16 disciplines, identified the top issues facing African elders as: poverty, lack of trained professionals, food insecurity, disability/health issues, and long-term care. Older adults’ unique strengths were noted as indigenous knowledge systems, being holders of cultural heritage, and their contributions to development. Respondents’ biggest concerns about older adults in sub-Saharan Africa were the lack of government attention to aging issues (63%) and a lack of social services targeted to elders’ needs (57%). Government funding (77.8%) and international partnerships (38.9%) were noted as resources needed to support aging research in sub-Saharan Africa. The response or non-response of governments in sub-Saharan Africa will determine whether the growing number of older adults will increasingly experience unmet needs and whether their assets will be considered in development efforts. Establishing professional networks of gerontology scholars in the region will help to document the challenges faced by elders, to plan for the coming demographic shift, and to empower elders to thrive as valued community members.

Transcultural Networks and Connectivities: The Circulation of Mathematical Ideas between India and England in the Nineteenth Century

The nineteenth century has been characterised as a period in which mathematics proper acquired a disciplinary and institutional autonomy. This article explores the intertwining of three intersecting worlds of the history of mathematics inasmuch as it engages with historicising the pursuit of novel mathematics, the history of disciplines and, more specifically, that of the British Indological writings on Indian mathematics, and finally, the history of mathematics education in nineteenth century India. But, more importantly, the article is concerned with a class of science and mathematics teaching problems that are taken up by researchers—in other words, science and mathematics teaching problems that lead to scientific and mathematical research. The article argues that over a period of 50 years, a network of scholars crystallised around a discussion on mathematics proper, the history of mathematics and education. This discussion spanned not just nineteenth-century England but India as well, involving scholars from both worlds. This network included Scottish mathematicians, East India Company officials and administrators who went on to constitute the first generation of British Indologists, a group of mathematicians in England referred to as the Analytics, and traditional Indian scholars and mathematics teachers. The focus will be on the concerns and genealogies of investigation that forged this network and sustained it for over half a century.