Scholarly Approaches Research Articles

‘Intelligible government’: rethinking the meaning of monarchy in the age of King Charles III

ABSTRACT At the beginning of a new reign it seems appropriate to re-assess the meaning of monarchy in modern Britain. The new King heads a fractured royal family, a divided nation, and a disaffected Commonwealth. How can we as scholars make sense of where the monarchy has been, and where it might be going? This article suggests a new scholarly approach is required. Through a critical analysis of three classic studies of monarchy: Walter Bagehot’s The English constitution (1867), Kingsley Martin’s The magic of monarchy (1937) and Tom Nairn’s The enchanted glass (1988), the lecture traces the lineage of modern interpretations of the British monarchy and points up their limitations. Preoccupied with the symbolism of monarchy, conventional scholarship neglects its important political functions. As the lecture argues, in the era of Brexit at home and populist regimes around the world, modern democracies may actually need monarchy more than ever before.

Scientific and Theoretical Basis for Training Future Communication Specialists in Higher Military Education Institutions

Since 2014 Ukraine has been under the military influence of the Russian aggressor and in February 2022, it immediately turned into a full-scale war. Equipping the Armed Forces of Ukraine with sophisticated weapons, expanding the range of tactical techniques for conducting combat operations in various conditions necessitated a broad scientific search for ways to develop and improve the training (combat) process, including physical training, which has always been considered the most important factor in the high combat capability of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Security and Defense Sector of Ukraine. According to the results of the analysis of scientific, methodological and specialised literature, it has been established that the system of training future communication specialists for military and professional activities needs a scientifically based transformation in accordance with the requirements of today. The purpose to analyse the scientific, methodological and special literature on the training of future communication specialists for military and professional activities by means of special physical training. Research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization of scientific and special sources. Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of scientific, methodological and specialised literature, it is determined that the system of training future communication specialists for military professional activities needs a scientifically based transformation in accordance with the new requirements of today. The article also analyses various approaches of modern scholars to the training of future specialists for professional activities using special physical exercises. In addition, in the context of theoretical research, we have identified an insufficient number of scientific papers devoted to solving the practical problem of training future communication specialists for military professional activities by means of special physical training, which emphasises the relevance and practical component of the chosen area of scientific research.

Scholarly Inquiry Model: A Springboard for Student Learning

The paper investigates the scholarly inquiry approach of teaching student learning improvement of respondents in terms of inquiry structure approach, inquiry open-ended approach, inquiry problem-based approach, and inquiry guided approach. It also explores the extent of scholarly inquiry springboard learning improvement of student respondents in the aspect of planning inquiry, retrieving information inquiry, project process inquiry, and creativity skills inquiry. Quantitative descriptive research design is employed in the study and utilizes purposive sampling techniques in gathering data. The study comprised One Hundred Twenty-Five (125) respondents only. Results show that inquiry structure approach utilizes the course module for students to find solution to societal issues and process, inquiry open-ended approach in teaching motivates to increase learning and creative thinking, inquiry problem-based approach in teaching as an active learning technique suitable for teaching scholarly inquiry-based approach to students as centers of learning, and inquiry guided approach in teaching initiates guided learning process in advanced and experienced for sources in a distinct instructional learning offers direction, standard planning inquiry-based activities of learning integration, retrieving information inquiry assists students to retrieve and organize information through skills and strategies, project process inquiry establishes the teaching system in forming student critical thinking, culture and ability, and creativity skills inquiry provides scientific investigation and analysis of data involvement process in scholarly inquiry module as springboard learning of students.

Intimate Selves: A Poetic Inquiry into Self-Knowledge

This article uses poetic inquiry to explore the author’s experiences of the global COVID-19 pandemic, which brought about a State of Disaster in South Africa from 26 March 2020 to 5 April 2022. The author had, before the pandemic, been used to going to an office and interacting with colleagues every day, and was not used to spending long periods of time alone. The poetry presented in this article was written during, and about, time the author spent alone during the pandemic and afterwards. The methodology of poetic inquiry, which was introduced as a scholarly approach in the 1970s (Davis, 2023), is used to reflect on the poems. Poetic inquiry typically fashions a poem from research data, instead of presenting the data according to the conventional schema for reporting (for example, with separate sections for ‘Findings’, ‘Data Analysis’, and ‘Conclusions’). Advocates of poetic inquiry find it an apt method for reducing data to a much more manageable corpus. In addition, it enables researchers to include affect, and to use evocative figurative language. The article uses the author’s subjective experiences as research data, presents the poems crafted from them, and comments on the poetry.

Inner-witnessing as a spatial everyday practice in Ann Petry’s The Street

Some scholars approach Ann Petry’s portrayal of Lutie Johnson’s fate in the hostile background of The Street (1946) through a naturalistic and deterministic lens: the protagonist, a single black mother, dreams of improving her lifestyle by reproducing a white uppermiddle class model. Given Lutie’s gender and race her dreams are, following this critical method, condemned as impossible. This approach to Petry’s novel does not take into account the deep geographical analysis that the author provides of Lutie’s struggle. Employing a spatial paradigm, this essay aims to offer an interpretation of Petry’s novel that challenges traditional geographic patterns evident in the street’s urban description. Such opposition reflects Katherine McKittrick’s approach to the definition of ‘Black women’s geographies’ as sites of struggle. Analyzing the novel’s employment of everyday practices, such as communicative expressions, and Kelly Oliver’s notion of inner-witnessing as one of them, proves how Lutie Johnson’s subjective mapping constitutes an everyday practice within the novel. As such, Petry’s portrayal of Lutie’s creation of space through these everyday practices illustrates how in her interactions with the street’s dynamics Lutie provides a witnessing cartography of struggle that opposes traditional geographic interpretations.

Rewarding mobility? Towards a realistic European policy agenda for academics at risk

This article maps from a critical and comparative perspective how scholars at risk are currently being integrated into the European research infrastructure, as well as in various EU and non-EU Member States. The focus is on three countries ranging from older to newer EU members to one non-EU member state—Hungary, Romania and the United Kingdom—as well as on EU-level organisations. We draw on twelve in-depth interviews conducted with key stakeholders involved in the process of academic migration (non-governmental organisations, EU and national level actors) to identify key issues concerning academics at risk. Finally, we call for a robust EU-level response to an issue that is currently inadequately addressed by national governments, professional associations and NGOs. As we argue, the focus on mobility as a factor supporting research excellence in the regular European research infrastructure can have negative unintended outcomes for scholars at risk. For many of them, rewarding mobility can entail the threat of losing their legal status in temporary places of migration. What is needed is a nuanced approach for scholars at risk in a diverse range of situations, which should involve closer cooperation between international academic bodies and EU policy makers, and complement support for those who need to escape to third countries with the offer of remote work in the country where they are able to obtain a secure residence permit.

Equity, Empowerment, and Social Justice: Social Entrepreneurship for Formerly Incarcerated Individuals

The high incarceration rate and systemic racism in the United States, along with entrenched social barriers, highlight the need for creative solutions to help formerly incarcerated individuals (FIIs) reintegrate successfully. This paper highlights social entrepreneurial ventures (SEVs) as powerful agents of social change, underscoring the significance of holistic approaches in successful reentry and transformation of FIIs. We delve into the potential of SEVs as catalysts for social justice within the critical HRD (CHRD) framework, examining SEV’s role in advancing learning, challenging power dynamics, empowering marginalized communities, and propelling grassroots-led social change. In doing so, we also emphasize the significance of experiential learning and dialog in cultivating collective knowledge and action within these social movements. We analyze the structural, organizational, and individual factors that demonstrate how HRD and social entrepreneurship complement and broaden modes of engagement. Ultimately, we highlight the promising synergy between SEVs and the CHRD perspective, presenting a transformative approach for both HRD scholars and practitioners and argue that by embracing the values of empowerment, equity, and social justice, HRD can play a pivotal role in fostering more inclusive, equitable, and empowering organizational landscapes.

ПОДАТКОВА ЗВІТНІСТЬ: СУТНІСТЬ ТА ПОРЯДОК СКЛАДАННЯ

The article analyzes the approaches of leading national scholars to the definition of the concept of "tax reporting". The author characterizes the necessity of tax reporting, since it characterizes the status of an enterprise's obligations related to the accrual and payment of taxes and other mandatory payments. Tax reporting is submitted to the tax authorities.
 The purpose of the article is to deepen theoretical research on the essence of the concept of "tax reporting", to disclose the methodology of its preparation with a view to improving its quality, reliability and objectivity.
 Summarizing the approaches of scholars to the essence of tax reporting, it is worth noting three approaches. According to the first one, tax reporting is considered as a set of documents containing information on the calculation of tax liabilities; according to the second one, it is considered as a set of actions of the taxpayer on preparation and submission of reports; according to the third one, it is considered as a set of consolidated interrelated indicators characterizing the activities of the enterprise for a certain period.
 Having studied the essence of the concept of "tax reporting", we propose to supplement Article 14 of the Tax Code of Ukraine with the following definition: tax reporting is reporting containing information on the tax liabilities of an enterprise by type of tax and fees.
 The Ministry of Finance of Ukraine regulates tax reporting by establishing forms of tax returns, calculations and reports by type of tax and fee.
 The tax reporting procedure can be divided into 4 stages: Stage 1 - selection of the required form of tax reporting in accordance with the type of tax/fee; Stage 2 - preparation of a tax return for the tax/fee, i.e., entering data directly; Stage 3 - verification of the document for correctness of preparation, compliance of the entered data with the accounting data, correctness of determination of the tax base, taxable object, tax rate; Stage 4 - signing of tax reports.
 Based on the study of tax reporting on national taxes and fees, it should be noted that not all forms contain information on the procedure for their preparation. For the preparation of individual forms by type of tax and fees, notes are used after the main part of the tax reporting. Therefore, we believe that the central executive body that ensures the formation and implementation of the state financial policy should develop recommendations on the preparation of tax reporting forms for those taxes and fees that do not have them, as this will contribute to better coverage of information on tax liabilities and significantly reduce the number of pages of tax reports.

ІСТОРИЧНА НАУКА В ТВОРЧОСТІ І. ФРАНКА: ІСТОРІОГРАФІЧНИЙ ДИСКУРС

The article is devoted to the study of the role of the prominent Ukrainian writer, philosopher and public figure Ivan Franko in historical science. It considers the works of historians, philosophers, literary scholars, and cultural critics of various fields: scientific, popular science, fiction, criticism, etc. as historiographical sources. The publications of Ivan Franko’s contemporaries, researchers of the Ukrainian PCP, independent Ukraine, and the Ukrainian diaspora are analyzed. The strengths and weaknesses of each group of historiographical sources are highlighted: access to sources of researchers in Ukraine; national principles and the lack of an ideological component of diaspora historiography; the class approach of Soviet scholars; new opportunities for researching the historical scientific achievements of Ivan Franko in the period of independent Ukraine. The creative heritage of the scientist is considered as an organic combination of historical themes, the principle of historicism with literary and artistic means of their coverage, development of his own view of the world historical process and Ukraine’s place in it. The author analyzes the main stages and directions of his scientific research, which reflect the evolution of historical consciousness and scientific approaches in his work. The article analyzes the works of Ivan Franko, which are characterized by a deep analysis of historical events, political changes and cultural development, as well as the impact of these studies on the development of Ukrainian historiography and the formation of national historical consciousness. The article examines Ivan Franko’s contribution to the development of historical science and his creation of a foundation for further research in this field. The study allows us to better understand the influence of Ivan Franko on the development of historical research and highlights the importance of his scientific development for modern historical science.

Democratic governance in the context of public administration concept. Historical and theoretical analysis

The article substantiates and studies the coverage of key parameters of democratic governance in the context of the public administration concept. The conceptual and categorical apparatus of the science of state administration are analyzed. An attempt is made to regulate the theoretical foundations of management processes of public administration. The place and essence of democratic governance processes in the system of public administration are determined. In the example of the political history of the United States, the origin and features of the functioning of key English-language terms used in the national concept of public administration are demonstrated. The use of new terminology in state administration as well as the theoretical approaches of domestic and foreign scholars who have studied this issue, are analysed. Statement of the problem. The development of such a branch of science as “state administration” requires expanding the boundaries of its scientific research and rethinking the subject area. The problem of forming a conceptual and categorical system is a key task for the development of the national science of state administration. Unlike the classical sciences (mathematics, physics, chemistry, etc.), the state administration is a complicated scientific complex of interdisciplinary cooperation of various social sciences and comprehension of practical experience in the implementation of state-building. In our opinion, this is the whole complexity of the formation and application of the conceptual and categorical apparatus. The globalization processes of the development of this science further complicate the use of state administration terminology. Therefore, the issues of mutual responsibility between the definitions of the basic concepts of state administration come to the fore. In addition, the process of globalization in the development of this science has complicated the use of national administrative terminology. Therefore, the question of mutual responsibility between the definitions of the main concepts of public administration arose. Public administration is a complex process that expresses the practical, organizational, and regulatory influence of the state on the public life of the people, which aims to organize, preserve, or change public life and is based on its power.

Антикорупційний аудит: визначення, інваріантність підходів та форсайт розвитку

The aim of the article is to define the concept of anti-corruption audit, taking into account the invariance of the approaches of different scholars, and to present a forecast for its further development. Ukraine is confidently moving in the European integration direction, so the issue of economic security of our country is crucial, and it is the anti-corruption audit that contributes to the identification, prevention and elimination of corruption risks and practices, verification of compliance with the requirements of national and international legislation in the field of prevention of corruption, and the formation of a culture of rejection of corruption. The article substantiates the need to introduce a single, generally accepted definition of this concept and the introduction of anti-corruption audit in all areas of business and at all levels in government agencies, which will create obstacles to bribery and fraudulent actions of business or government representatives and will help significantly reduce the level of corruption in our country. Thus, it will contribute to the improvement of the investment climate, increase the confidence of foreign investors and the level of economic security of the country. The necessity of introducing additional opportunities to combat corruption, a system of control measures to counter corruption, and the implementation of audit procedures to assess the corruption risks of business processes is also substantiated. The authors emphasize that, despite the fairly wide application of this concept in the business environment and in the public sector, there is no single definition of the concept of «anti-corruption audit», as well as an understanding of the peculiarities of the methodology of its implementation. As a result of the study, an analysis of the existing definitions, their comparison and generalization has been carried out, and the introduction of an improved unified definition of the concept of «anti-corruption audit» has been proposed. It is proved that a systematic increase in the level of public consciousness, ensuring transparency and simplification of business procedures, increasing the efficiency of economic mechanisms of State supervision, control over entrepreneurial activity and the introduction of mandatory anti-corruption audit of companies will allow the country to significantly reduce corruption and minimize the shadow economy in our country.

Understanding the American Revolution in Twenty-First-Century France

Abstract: This introductory essay frames a special issue of Early American Studies guest-edited by Kevin Butterfield and Bertrand Van Ruymbeke based on the proceedings of a conference hosted by George Washington's Mount Vernon in Paris, France, in 2019 exploring the diverse approaches of present-day French scholars to the history of the American War for Independence.

Connecting the Histories of France and the United States, circa 1750–1800

Abstract: This is the concluding essay of a special issue of Early American Studies guest-edited by Kevin Butterfield and Bertrand Van Ruymbeke based on the proceedings of a conference hosted by George Washington's Mount Vernon in Paris, France, in 2019 exploring the diverse approaches of present-day French scholars to the history of the American War for Independence.

The development of comparative Jewish hermeneutics of the Gospel of Matthew

The article examines the historical development of comparative Jewish hermeneutic studies of the Gospel of Matthew starting with the 17th century. The research pays special attention to the stages of formation, to obstacles and their overcoming, and to the nature of the development of comparative works. It introduces a comparison of two parallel traditions in these studies — Christian and Jewish. The main methodological approaches of Christian and Jewish scholars come from historical criticism and philology. They transcend religious boundaries and bring academicism to comparative studies. However, later historical criticism leads to a delay in the development of comparative Jewish studies due to the problems of anachronism, since rabbinic literature originates several hundred years after the New Testament, and therefore is not suitable for synchronous comparison. Another obstacle to the development of comparative analysis poses the philological principle of only one textual meaning. Jewish hermeneutics presupposes many meanings of the sacred text, which contradicts the principle of a single meaning. A revolutionary breakthrough in comparative Jewish hermeneutics occurs in the middle of the 20th century, thanks to the use of a literary approach that is not bound by the strict rules of historical criticism and the philological principle of a single meaning. Renee Bloch suggests the use of Rabbinic literature for the study of Christian and intertestamental literature, and even of the Bible itself, even though such a comparison is anachronistic. The cultural approach helps to see the uniqueness of the cultural contribution of the exegete and to overcome religious obstacles to comparative research. The article suggests a comparative Jewish hermeneutics of the Christmas story of the Gospel of Matthew.

Feminist constitutional narratives, the pandemic and hyper-presidentialism in Turkey

Constitutional resilience has been tested by various crises worldwide, and the COVID-19 pandemic constituted another litmus test for global constitutionalism. In Turkey, the pandemic came three years after a constitutional revision introduced hyper-presidentialism in 2017, which undermined the separation of powers and the system of checks and balances. This article looks at the period that begins with the official announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 and ends with the assessment of the general elections of May 2023 to document three years of hyper-presidentialist constitutionalism and the counter-responses to it proposed by the Turkish feminist movement and the constitutional institutions that still remain autonomous from the executive. By combining conventional constitutional methods with the critical feminist positionality approach, this article diagnosed the impact of the pandemic on authoritarian regime-building. Based on feminist constitutionalism, this scholar activist approach shed light on some overlooked aspects of the pandemic in Turkey, such as persistent déconstitutionalisation and its link with anti-gender politics, to reveal the living essence of authoritarian constitutionalism and the evolution of hyper-presidentialism in Turkey.

Reading with Powhatan Ancestral Remains in Robert Beverley's The History and Present State of Virginia

Abstract: This essay presents Robert Beverley's 1705 The History and Present State of Virginia as a case study of the role Indigenous ancestral remains serve for both colonial attempts at control and as teachers for current anticolonial scholarly approaches. Analyzing his depiction of Powhatan ancestral remains, this piece first argues that Beverley presents Powhatan ancestors as solely bones, that is, as transferable and general "objects" that serve as a synecdoche for removed Indigenous populations at large. However, despite Beverley's brief and abstracting descriptions, I argue that these moments continue to register the prolonged attention and ongoing care that Powhatan relations undertake for their ancestors, underscoring the presence of what I call testimonies of remaining care. These testimonies, I argue, break apart settler erasures by attesting to the kinship that always continues to surround Powhatan ancestors. Reframing texts like Beverley's as narratives that depend on Indigenous life rather than death, this article demonstrates how ancestral relations testify to the structural grounding of Indigenous communities and care work to narratives that seek to obscure them.

Revisiting and reimagining scholarly approaches: assessing the notion of intensity in complex non-international armed conflicts through aggregation

Non-international armed conflicts, where a multiplicity of organized armed groups operate in close spatial and temporal proximity, challenge those tasked with conflict classification. The ICRC 2019 Challenges Report specifically flagged the difficulty in determining whether the necessary level of intensity is met in such situations where alliances or coalitions of distinct non-state armed groups engage a common enemy. This reality demands an alternative to the traditional bilateral intensity assessment approach. This contribution explores existing scholarly aggregation models in the context of ongoing conflicts to establish how these could be reimagined to be fit for purpose. These formulations include three types of approaches: first, the approach demanding a temporal and geographic continuum; second, two different views on the approach limiting aggregate assessment to coalitions; and, finally, the approach necessitating a common enemy. It is argued that these formulations may result in over-classification of non-international armed conflicts if applied as is across the board. This contribution proposes reimagined aggregation assessment models to be applied only if matched with the suggested corresponding categories of complex conflict setting.

Facing a time crunch: Time poverty and travel behaviour in Canada

Transportation scholars are keenly interested in the relationship between transportation and subjective well-being. To date, this body of scholarship has not addressed feelings of time pressure. We use the time crunch index from Canada's 2015 General Social Survey (GSS) to analyze the role that transportation resources, travel behavior, and social demographics play in respondents’ self-reported experiences of time pressure. We find that resources and daily travel strongly affect the time crunch index and are compounded by the large effect of sociodemographic vulnerability, namely being a woman, immigrant, or member of an ethnic minority, and having a condition of disability. Our analysis presents a new approach for transportation scholars to measure the relationship between social well-being and transportation grounded in several decades of social science research on time use and well-being.

Wpływ rosyjskiej agresji na Ukrainę na relacje NATO – Chińska Republika Ludowa. Wyzwania dla strategii bezpieczeństwa

The impact of Russian aggression against Ukraine on NATO-People’s Republic of China relations. Challenges for security strategy The dynamically changing international situation requires international relations actors to be ready to constantly change and adapt their strategies. This article aims to look at the relationship of the People’s Republic of China with the North Atlantic Alliance, taking into account the implications of a full‑scale Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2022. NATO is increasingly actively pursuing its Strategic Concept, with the primary focus now on ensuring the security of allies within the treaty area. One of the different – but extremely important – challenges for the Alliance is the PRC, which is systematically pursuing its policy objectives, building its international position, and taking advantage of the opportunities presented by the Russian‑Ukrainian conflict. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether NATO’s response to current challenges and its capacity for an Allied response can affect the security strategies of both NATO and the PRC. The first part of the paper examines the theoretical approaches of Chinese scholars to the policy of non‑alignment (nonalignment). This will be followed by an analysis of the approach of NATO member states to the challenge posed by the PRC, as well as the significance of the existence and functioning of the alliance from Beijing’s point of view. Before pointing out conclusions, the author will highlight the impact of Russia‑PRC relations in the face of the ongoing war, as well as confront already existing ideas about potential cooperation or coexistence between NATO and the PRC in the region. It will conclude with conclusions on NATO’s actions and policy evolution, along with general recommendations, taking into account the most important challenges.

"SHAXSIY HAYOT DAXLSIZLIGI HUQUQI TUSHUNСHASI VA UNING HUQUQIY TABIATI "

"This article provides a theoretical analysis of the concept of the right to privacy and its legal nature. The development of digital technologies and the widespread introduction of digital technologies in the lives of society require conducting scientific research on ensuring citizens’ privacy. Therefore, it is necessary to study and analyze the concept of the right to privacy from a conceptual, scientific, and methodological point of view. Natural rights and freedoms, such as the right to life, privacy of housing, privacy of correspondence, and freedom of conscience, are not granted by the state but belong to the individual from birth. If we consider the right of each person to make a moral and ethical assessment of his qualities as his personal right, it is considered to have a subjective nature. Therefore, its value and prestige may or may not be compatible with the social opinion in society. The author touched on “personal life,” “privacy of personal life,” and “functions and tasks of privacy.” In the article, a comprehensive analysis of the right to privacy, analyzing the advanced experience of foreign countries and the approaches of legal scholars to the privacy of personal life, and an author’s tariff on the right to privacy of personal life have been developed. "