Scholarly Work Research Articles

Nationalism and the Ottoman-Arab Dynamic: From Cultural Renaissance to Political Revolt

This paper delves into the intricate relationship between the Ottoman Empire and its Arab Muslim subjects amidst the backdrop of rising nationalist sentiments during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It traces the historical evolution of Arab nationalism, examining its cultural origins and political dimensions, while also dissecting the Ottoman administration's response to nationalist aspirations. Through an analysis of historical documents, scholarly works, and contemporary accounts, the study illuminates how nationalist movements reshaped the political, social, and cultural dynamics within the empire, leading to increased tensions between the central government and Arab nationalists. The paper highlights key events such as the Tanzimat reforms and the Young Turk Revolution, which exacerbated these tensions, culminating in the Arab Revolt of 1916 supported by the British. It also explores the impact of World War I on Ottoman-Arab relations and the subsequent dissolution of the empire, as reflected in treaties like the Treaty of Sèvres and the Treaty of Lausanne, which paved the way for the establishment of modern Arab states under European mandates. Through a comprehensive examination of historical sources and scholarly literature, the paper elucidates the multifaceted nature of nationalism's influence on the Ottoman Empire's relationship with its Arab Muslim subjects, underscoring its profound and enduring significance in shaping the modern Middle East.

Persons with Disabilities Living in Rural Areas of Bangladesh: An Exploration of Their Mental Health and Experiences in Accessing Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a major public health challenge across the world, including in Bangladesh. Little scholarly work has explored the mental health experiences of persons with disabilities in rural areas of Bangladesh during the pandemic. A qualitative case study was conducted in the rural areas of Narayanganj, Gazipur, and Narsingdi. A total of 13 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with persons with disabilities and 13 key informant interviews (KIIs) with different stakeholders and caregivers were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed five major themes: lockdown-induced mental health problems, including fear of infection, symptoms of anxiety and depression, sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation, and domestic violence; perceived attitude towards mental health issues, including stigma and discrimination; perceived vulnerability was observed in relation to gender, age, and type of disability; barriers to seeking mental health care including distance, financial burden, and indifference towards mental health care; and finally, availability of mental health care which reaffirms a lack of mental health care in rural areas. The findings highlight the importance of integrating mental health into the primary healthcare system with a focus on persons with disabilities to minimise mental health repercussions during times of emergency.

Implementation of Islamic Inheritance Law: Study of History, Law and Its Principles

Islamic inheritance plays a pivotal role in Islamic teachings, holding significant importance. Within certain Muslim societies, conflicts often emerge among heirs regarding the distribution of inheritance. Consequently, it becomes imperative for the Muslim community to comprehend the intricacies of inheritance in Islam. This study conducts a literature review to delve into the subject matter. The authors gather data through a comprehensive search of various books, articles, and scholarly works. The findings of the study elucidate the extensive historical practice of Islamic inheritance, dating back to pre-Islamic times and the revelation of the Qur'an. In the practical implementation of Islamic inheritance, it becomes essential to understand the legal framework, principles, and related aspects such as pillars, conditions, causes, and barriers.

Policy Entrepreneur or Policy Implementer? The Role of İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil in Türkiye’s Distancing from the United States in the 1960s and 1970s

In this study, it is attempted to understand the influence of İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil, as the minister of foreign affairs, on Türkiye’s relations with the United States (US). In the years he served as the minister, from mid-1960s to mid-1970s, Türkiye witnessed a fundamental change in Türkiye’s huge commitments to and trust in Washington. To question his role as an individual in these developments is expected to contribute to studying and analyzing Turkish-American relations in historical perspective. The study makes use of primary sources like official archives, parliamentary records, memoirs and interviews provided by both Turkish and American circles as well as some scholarly works on Çağlayangil himself and Turkish foreign policy in general. The findings derived from Turkish and American sources are compared with each other and it is concluded that the alteration in Türkiye’s close ties with the US at those times was mostly driven by the changing perception of Turkish state and public about the US following its unacceptable disregard for Türkiye’s national interests. In addition to having the detente process in international relations as a facilitator to hold a more balanced stance towards the US, this process was not initiated by Çağlayangil’s innovation or efforts, and instead was a state-policy that emerged as a result of some structural and principle changes.

Appraising the Determinants and Outcomes of Islamic Financial Literacy through the Lens of a Systematic Literature Review

This research illuminates the determinants and outcomes of Islamic financial literacy as scrutinized in prior investigations. A systematic literature review unfolded across the Scopus database from 2016 to 2023. This investigation encompasses 22 articles from the 40 scholarly works extracted from the Scopus database. The Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research emerges as the most prolific disseminator of insights into the determinants and outcomes of Islamic financial literacy, credited to its robust publication frequency throughout the year. The autonomous and reliant facets of Islamic financial literacy were predominantly studied, with emphasis not only on individual dynamics but also on business perspectives. The determinants instigating Islamic financial literacy congregate within the affective, conative, family influence, self-controlled, and demographic predictors. Conversely, the ramifications stemming from Islamic financial literacy manifest in cognitive, affective, and conative dimensions, leaving an indelible imprint on the business realm. Geographic focus reveals a concentration of prior investigation within Muslim-majority nations, predominantly Indonesia. Furthermore, the investigation discovers that past studies were mainly conducted in the context of Islamic banking. The evidence from the present study provides input to researchers in conducting further research on Islamic financial literacy.

Salafis’ hybrid trajectories of socio-political engagement in Tunisia and Algeria. A social movement perspective

ABSTRACT Over the past decades, numerous studies have enhanced the understanding of the Salafi milieu, revealing a diversity within the movement that goes beyond the traditional classifications of quietist, jihadist, and political Salafism. This research builds on recent scholarly work by exploring the porous boundaries of the Salafi realm, emphasizing the concept of hybridization. It examines the blending of registers and repertoires of action from other social worlds with Salafism, utilizing a social movement perspective and first-hand field data. The study investigates Salafi trajectories of engagement beyond the religious sphere in Tunisia and Algeria during perceived periods of constraint. This comparative analysis is both empirically and theoretically significant, given the distinct socio-political landscapes of the two countries. Tunisia was recognized as a democratic exception in the MENA region in 2011. In contrast, Algeria, rising from the ashes of its civil war, is regarded as a resilient rentier state largely unaffected by the Arab uprisings but significantly impacted by the Hirak movement in 2019. Despite these differences, both countries have experienced revolutionary moments and repressive campaigns, offering opportunities for the transformation of Salafism.

Remaining in the wake: towards an endarkened paradigm for critical studies of whiteness

ABSTRACT Critiquing how critical whiteness studies (CWS) in US education has strayed towards a predominant focus on how white people understand their relationship to whiteness and away from understanding how whiteness oppresses People of Colour, Matias and Boucher articulated a Black whiteness studies approach to the critical study of whiteness that eschews white epistemological standpoints, engages the works of Scholars of Colour and expands beyond a focus on developing white people’s racial consciousness. However, their articulation of a Black whiteness studies falls short of addressing Black communities’ specific racial positioning, the unique ways Black people suffer under whiteness and the situated knowledges of Black communities. In this paper, I theorise at the intersections of CWS, endarkened feminisms and afropessimsim to extend Matias and Boucher’s work to propose an endarkened paradigm for critical studies of whiteness.

Intention Versus Implementation: Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Justice Efforts at Your Clinical Practice.

Diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ) are important factors to be considered in medical education, academic and community health centers, and health care policy. DEIJ efforts have been shown to have a strong influence in advancing health equity, yet these efforts tend to fall on a small group of providers, usually of historically marginalized or minority backgrounds (eg, race and ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion). To combat this inequity, more research needs to be done to identify where the burden is falling and what strategies can be set in place to counteract this taxing imbalance. Providers should educate themselves on the anti-DEIJ legislation sweeping across the country, recogniz- ing the misinformation, and advocating for efforts pushing back against this movement. Providers can also advocate for ways their institution or practice can reduce the burden for historically marginalized providers by supporting recognition of DEIJ-related efforts in traditional promotional measures or taking on activities allowing for participation in scholarly work that will advance careers. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(10):e354-e357.].

Ontologies and Research Data

This study examines the relationship between ontologies and open research data within the framework of the Semantic Web. The objective is to investigate the interconnectivity of both subjects through scholarly works that offer enhancements to the Web ecosystem and scientific research processes. The paper reviews critical theoretical frameworks related to the Semantic Web and the significance of metadata within this model. It also delves into the function that ontologies can fulfill in the Semantic Web landscape. The paper provides a historical overview of the emergence of ontologies and definitions in both Computer Science and Information Science. It chronicles how theorists in Information Science have progressively embraced the concept of ontologies since the late 20th century and assesses the current scholarly consensus on the subject. The study also addresses the importance of open research data in modern science by doing a systematic literature review; this study sources relevant publications from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, with a temporal focus from 2000 to 2023. The findings offer a comprehensive analysis of existing literature that bridges the two domains above, aiding in the theoretical and methodological systematization of the subject matter. The discussion section elaborates on the findings, offering insights into the evolutionary trajectory of the subject matter. Emphasis is placed on the utility of ontologies as tools for the sustainable and effective utilization of research data, accentuating the value of such data as a basis for future scholarly work. In conclusion, we advocate for information science to take a leading role in initiatives that leverage ontological frameworks to manage specialized knowledge in research data sets effectively, ensuring that such data remains an asset for advancing scientific understanding.

Emerging Scholars Researching Black British Histories (mid-Eighteenth to mid-Nineteenth Centuries)

Abstract Recent years have seen a vast expansion of scholarly interest in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Black British histories, and increasing calls to support the work of early-career scholars (ECRs) in this field. Yet ECRs continue to face several specific challenges in conducting this crucial research. This section consists of a brief introduction and two case studies based on the research and experiences of Ph.D. students Annabelle Gilmore and Montaz Marché. Gilmore aims to amplify the connections between the lives and labour of enslaved people on plantations in Jamaica and the wealth and art collection of William Thomas Beckford, now held at Charlecote Park, from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries. Marché seeks to trace the presence of Black women in eighteenth-century London, drawing on archival documents that provide traces of who these women may have been, and confronting the limitations of the traditional archive. Together, these pieces offer a glimpse into how these ECRs are positioning themselves within the historiography as well as considering how they hope to contribute to the field.

Barter, Prostitution, Abuse? Reframing Experiences of Sexual Exchange during the Holocaust

ABSTRACT Early postwar narratives by Holocaust survivors contained many descriptions of sexual exchange, sexual coercion, and sexual violence. However, Holocaust scholars have hardly investigated these experiences until the mid-1990s. And although their inquiry has grown considerably since, the ways in which researchers deal with experiences of sexual exchange remain problematic. Well into the 1970s, sexual barter between women and men was generally thought of as either sexual promiscuity or as prostitution. To counter this, feminist scholars since the late 1980s have stressed the structural power imbalance present in such sexual exchanges. Yet while the assessment has shifted significantly, the issue remains complicated due to the often unclear and hierarchical nature of such transactional relationships, obscuring the line between sexual consent and coercion. This article discusses two challenges central for scholarship on sexual barter: how to conceive of consent and choice when survival is at stake, and how to reconcile divergent interpretations if the researcher’s assessment differs from that of the survivor. It does so by examining sex and sexual exchange in the works of two female survivors – Olga Lengyel’s Five Chimneys: The Story of Auschwitz and Molly Applebaum’s Buried Words. A consideration of sexual exchange in these two works and their respective reception, alongside scholarly work on sexual barter, allows for an analysis of the changes in the understanding of this subject and highlights the challenges that it continues to present.

Revolutionary Tongues: Esperanto, Marxist Linguistics, and Anti-imperial Struggles in East Asia, 1930s–1940s

This article examines how Esperanto coalesced with leftist and anticolonial thinking in East Asia during the 1930s and early 1940s. It aims to complicate understandings of language, including planned languages, as a neutral and apolitical medium and to contribute to a growing body of Anglophone scholarly work on Esperanto by turning to the history of East Asian Esperantists. Examining the linguistic theories by Esperantist and Latinization activist Ye Laishi (Ĵelezo, 1911–1994) and the Esperanto writings of Hong Hyŏng-ui (1911–1968) and An U-saeng (1907–1991), the article argues that Esperanto provided the means for anticolonial activists to facilitate a transnational network of antiwar activism across and beyond East Asian and remain invested in internationalism amidst a time of nationalism and fascism

Fight Like Girls: The Stuntwomen of Bond

In their 2015 article on stuntwomen, Miranda J. Banks and Lauren Steimer argue that the figure of the stunt double is subjected to a process of erasure throughout the production of the action film or series, and most certainly in popular press accounts that promote the idea of stars (both male and female) as the performers of their own stunts. This erasure is also evident in the comparative lack of scholarly work on the labour-intensive – and often life-threatening – contributions made by stunt performers to the on-screen fantasy of the kick-ass action star. The Bond franchise has seen its female characters increasingly defined by their all-action credentials and, consequently, the size of the stunt team has grown with a higher number of female stunt performers being included. This article looks at how stuntwomen have contributed to the spectacle of the Bond franchise, including driver Jessica Hawkins and the much in demand Marie Mouroum, both of whom worked on No Time to Die (2021). As behind-the-scenes footage of most action franchises becomes more available and often forms part of the marketing of franchise cinema, including the Bond films, the concept of erasure will be examined in relation to these contemporary contexts of production. The increased diversity of action heroines also opens up sites of exploration around women of colour as part of these production processes, both on-screen and behind the scenes.

Understanding reaction to corporate activism: The moderating role of polarization.

In our polarized societies, more companies are taking a stand on divisive sociopolitical issues. However, given the mixed findings from previous studies, it remains unclear whether Corporate Activism (CA) is more likely to hurt or help a company's performance and reputation, or shape the public's attitudes toward the sociopolitical issue involved. To better understand the impact of CA in polarized societies, it is valuable to study moderating factors, especially those linked to polarization. A meta-analysis of 72 scholarly works is conducted to examine the impact of CA on various outcomes (e.g. ads and social media engagement, cognitive and attitudinal reactions, public's intentions and actions, emotional reactions, social and ethical engagement, workplace, and employee perceptions) and the role of moderators (a sociopolitical issue's political leaning and controversy level, political orientation of the target audience, key demographics). The analysis reveals a positive, albeit small, effect size (0.085 [95% CI (0.0542, 0.1158)]) with the most impact on two outcomes: cognitive and attitudinal reactions, and emotional reactions. It further reveals that companies adopting liberal-leaning CAs elicit more favorable responses than those adopting conservative CAs and that liberals respond positively to CA, while conservatives are more neutral. However, when there is alignment between the CA's political leaning and the audience's political orientation, conservatives have a stronger positive response than liberals. Also, younger audiences view CA more positively. Finally, per national culture, while power distance and individualism positively moderate the reaction to CA, uncertainty avoidance has a negative effect.

AI Transparency in Academic Search Systems: An Initial Exploration

ABSTRACTAs AI‐enhanced academic search systems become increasingly popular among researchers, investigating their AI transparency is crucial to ensure trust in the search outcomes, as well as the reliability and integrity of scholarly work. This study employs a qualitative content analysis approach to examine the websites of a sample of 10 AI‐enhanced academic search systems identified through university library guides. The assessed level of transparency varies across these systems: five provide detailed information about their mechanisms, three offer partial information, and two provide little to no information. These findings indicate that the academic community is recommending and using tools with opaque functionalities, raising concerns about research integrity, including issues of reproducibility and researcher responsibility.

Virtual masculinities: Gamification, escape, and body control in Ernest Cline’s ready player one (2011)

This paper examines the intersection of masculinity and technology in Ernest Cline's Ready Player One, focusing on how virtual spaces like the OASIS serve as arenas for constructing and performing masculinity. Through the lenses of gamification, technological escape, and control over the virtual body, the novel presents a nuanced critique of how men navigate identity in a digital, hyperreal world. The study argues that Ready Player One not only reflects hegemonic masculine ideals but also reveals the vulnerabilities and limitations of such constructions in both real and virtual realms. By analyzing the protagonist Wade Watts's journey, the paper explores how the gamification of identity in the OASIS allows for the performance of idealized masculinity while simultaneously exposing its fragility. It examines how technology serves as an escape from real-world vulnerabilities, offering temporary empowerment but ultimately highlighting the unsustainability of virtual refuges. Furthermore, the paper investigates how control over the virtual body in the OASIS reflects broader cultural pressures on men to conform to societal standards of masculinity. Drawing on scholarly work in digital media, gender studies, and gaming culture, this analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of how digital environments both construct and deconstruct traditional gender norms. Ultimately, the paper argues that while the OASIS provides a space for performing idealized masculinity, it also underscores the limitations of virtual identities, revealing the need for a more grounded understanding of masculinity that transcends the illusory empowerment offered by technology.

Судебная практика как юридический институт

Based on the analysis of the works of legal theorists and scholars devoted to judgments about the legal nature of judicial practice as a source of law, its role and place in the Russian legal system, the authors stated that the independence of judicial practice was recognized only at the doctrinal level, but the value of judicial practice for the activities of courts, the improvement of legislation and the fruit-fulness of science was not disputed. The study of the normative consolidation of the category of judicial practice in legislation made it possible to show the procedural nature of judicial practice as a procedural institution, and the definition of its subject classification will improve the procedure for systematizing judicial practice.

국제개발협력에서 디지털 공공재의 역할과 과제에 관한 연구

Purpose: This study examines the role and challenges of Digital Public Goods (DPGs) in international development cooperation. Emphasizing openness, it analyzes the socio-technical dimensions of DPGs, identifying key considerations and constraints for their development and application. Originality: DPGs are emerging as a strategic tool to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and address digital inequality. However, questions persist about whether technical openness alone can ensure successful development outcomes, suggesting the need for a broader analysis. Methodology: Using a socio-technical systems approach, this study reviews scholarly work on open-source software and open data in the Digital for Development (D4D) field over the past 15 years. Result: The findings show that DPGs enhance public service efficiency, support service expansion, and foster innovation through open access to data and knowledge. Despite these benefits, challenges such as technological complexity, infrastructure limitations, gaps in stakeholder awareness, capabilities, and trust, and hierarchical governance structures reveal tensions between technical and social dimensions. Conclusion and Implication: For effective implementation, DPGs require not only technical openness but also open governance structures, sustainable financial and technical capacities, and context-specific strategies. Governments and international organizations play a critical role as coordinators, while the formation of intermediaries and tailored strategies is crucial. This study contributes to the growing body of DPG research by offering a comprehensive analysis through a socio-technical lens.

Strategic methods for emerging scholars: Identifying research gaps to enhance scholarly work

This paper explores various research gaps, and the processes used to identify them, discussing their implications for advancing scientific inquires. By offering a structured approach to recognize gaps. The paper aims to empower emerging scholars to articulate more decisive research questions while contributing meaningfully to the fields. Methods such as citation analysis, meta-analysis, and systematic reviews are utilized to pinpoint under-explored or unexplored areas for further investigation. This study sets a foundational stage for a clear discussion on how effectively identifying and addressing these gaps can significantly contribute to the advancement of various academic disciplines.

Territories of the «northern delivery»: new approaches to categorization

Ensuring the sustainability of settlements in the Far North regions is achievable only through a comprehensive set of measures for the procurement and delivery of essential goods (primarily food and fuel) from other areas, known as the «Northern Delivery» The current supply system is marked by inefficiencies that create high risks of delivery disruptions. Enhancing this system requires developing and implementing optimal measures to influence the economic relationships within the «Northern Delivery» framework, alongside determining effective legal regulatory methods. A critical step in this process is the establishment of precise and strictly defined territorial boundaries for implementing these measures. At present, there is no legal formalization of spatial limits for the array of managerial, logistic, and socio-economic processes aimed at ensuring uninterrupted deliveries of goods for the «Northern Delivery» underscoring the importance of this research. The aim of this study is to define the criteria and their quantitative parameters to categorize the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas with limited cargo delivery periods. By synthesizing the work of both domestic and international scholars on the zoning of northern territories and assessing their transport accessibility, as well as utilizing cartographic research methods and focus groups, an algorithm for categorizing the settlements of the Far North regions has been developed. The identified selection criteria include transport accessibility, the presence of stable supply logistics chains, the duration of heating period, and the level of provision with basic food products. This categorization resulted in identifying of three groups of territories based on the supply organization mechanism: critical, supporting, and basic supply. The proposed categorization can be used to determine the spatial limits for legal regulation of the «Northern Delivery» and to develop a specific set of measures to ensure the uninterrupted delivery of essential goods.